Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411416EnglishN2022August23HealthcareImplementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Hospitals: An Urgent Need English0102Pramod Kumar ManjhiEnglish Sadaram Samba ShivaEnglishEnglishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4577http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45771. Gerding DN. The search for good antimicrobial stewardship. Jt Comm J Qual Improv. 2001 Aug;27(8):403-4. doi: 10.1016/ s1070-3241(01)27034-5. PMID: 11480201. 2. Alsaeed A, Blondeau JM. Antibiotic resistance in hospitals. Future Microbiol. 2015;10(3):303-7. doi: 10.2217/fmb.15.10. PMID: 25812451. 3. Dyar OJ, Huttner B, Schouten J, Pulcini C; ESGAP (ESCMID Study Group for Antimicrobial stewardship). What is antimicrobial stewardship? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017 Nov;23(11):793- 798. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.08.026. Epub 2017 Sep 4. PMID: 28882725. 4. Baroudi R, Flaugher M, Grace E, Zakria D. The Importance of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program. Fed Pract. 2015 Sep;32(9):20-24. PMID: 30766084; PMCID: PMC6364820. 5. Tanwar, Jyoti; Das, Shrayanee; Fatima, Zeeshan; Hameed, Saif (2014). “Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis”. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases. 2014: 541340. doi: 10.1155/2014/541340. PMC 4124702. PMID 25140175. 6. Challenges in Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes at Secondary Level Hospitals in India: An Exploratory Study Philip Mathew, Front Public Health. 2020; 8: 493904. 2020 Sep 18. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.493904

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411416EnglishN2022August23HealthcareA Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) – A Randomized Controlled Study English0307Ali NawazEnglish Singh Akoijam KakuEnglish Somarendra KhumukchamEnglishIntroduction: The tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedure is defined as the nonplacement of double-J stent at the end of the procedure. There are numerous advantages of placement of nephrostomy tube as in standard PCNL like adequate renal drainage, tamponade effect for bleeding and relook PCNL. Aim: This study aims to determine the effectiveness, safety, and morbidity of tubeless PCNL by comparing it to the standard PCNL technique. Methodology: It was a randomized controlled study conducted over a period of two years from (October 2019 to November 2021). All the patients aged 18-65 years of age with stone size of 1- 2.5cm who underwent PCNL in our department were included. The patients were allocated into two groups Group A (Tubeless PCNL) and group B (Standard PCNL). The randomization was done by block randomization method with sealed envelope system. Results: The mean age in Group A was 37.94±12.7 years and group B 39.38±11.91 years. The mean stone size in (Group A20.56±2.87mm, Group B- 21.54±2.63) and both were comparable. The mean operative time in (Group A was 47.68 min±5.27, Group B 49.72min±5.18) with an insignificant result. The mean drop in haemoglobin was (Group A- 0.70gm% and Group B- 0.79 gm%) and requirement of blood transfusion was in (Group A- 5(10%) & Group B- 8(16%) patients. The mean analgesia requirement (inj. Tramadol (mg) was 113 mg ±29.68 in Group A and 172 mg ±31.87 in Group B) with a significant p-value English Tubeless PCNL, Standard PCNL, Analgesia requirement, Hospital stay, Effectiveness, Safetyhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4578http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45781. Bellman GC. Tubeless percutaneous renal surgery. J Urol 1997; 157:1578-82. 2. Ichirou H, Samet A, Hadjalouane BH. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): Standard Technique Versus Tubeless - 125 Procedures. Cureus 2019, 11(3): e4251. 3. Rosner B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics. 7th ed. Boston, MA: Brooks/Cole; 2011. 4. Kocakgo H, Adanur S, Ali H, Ozkaya F, Karabulut I. A Comparison of Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy and Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Does Tubeless Really Superior? A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study. New J Urol 2019;14:70-80. 5. Ramasamy N, Balasubramanyan JK: efficacy and safety of standard versus tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy- A randomized controlled study. J. evol. med. dent. sci. 2019; 8(25):11- 16. 6. Chen ZJ. Comparison of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney stones. Asian J Urol (2020) 43, 60-68 7. Madhu S, Agrawal J. A randomized comparison of tubeless and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Endourol 2008 Mar;22(3):439-42. 8. Xun. Tubeless versus standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Urology 2017;17:102. 9. Wang J. Tubeless vs standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy. BJU 2011;11(3):42-46. 10. Candela J, Davidoff R, Gerspach J, Bellman GC. “Tubeless” percutaneous surgery: A new advance in the technique of percutaneous renal surgery. Tech Urol 1997;3:6-11. 11. Shah HN, Kausik VB, Hegde SS, Shah JN, Bansal MB. Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A prospective feasibility study and review of previous reports. BJU Int 2005;96:879-83. 12. Sofer M, Beri A, Friedman A, Aviram G, Mabjeesh NJ, Chen J,. Extending the application of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Urology 2007;70:412-7. 13. Jou YC, Cheng MC, Lin CT, Chen PC, Shen JH. Nephrostomy tube-free percutaneous nephrolithotomy for patients with large stones and staghorn stones. Urology 2006;67:30-4. 14. Falahatkar S, Khosropanah I, Roshani A, Neiroomand H, Nikpour S, Najafi-Semnani M,. Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Staghorn Stones. J Endourol 2008;22:1447-52 15. Salem HK, Morsi HA, Omran A, Daw MA. Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children. J Pediatr Urol 2007;3:235-8. 16. Shah HN, Mahajan AP, Hegde SS, Bansal M. Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients with Previous Ipsilateral Open Renal Surgery: A Feasibility Study with Review of Literature. J Endourol 2008;22:19-24.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411416EnglishN2022August23HealthcareComparative Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Camel, Buffalo and Cow Milk against Tuberculosis Disease English0814Shahida TahirEnglish Poushmal Abdul RazzaqEnglish Mariam IftikharEnglish Sana IqbalEnglish Adan IjazEnglish Anila FaizEnglish Faseeha AmanEnglish Ammara KhalidEnglish Saima ParveenEnglish Hasham HussainEnglish Muhammad Zubair ZafarEnglishIntroduction: One-third of the world population currently suffers from tuberculosis and Pakistan ranks 5th in global tuberculosis burden. These health issues are currently creating an alarming situation in Pakistan due to poor eating habits, unhealthy and unhygienic living conditions, and immune-compromised status of health. Objective: This study was conducted to compare the therapeutic potential of camel, buffalo and cow milk on human subjects suffering from tuberculosis. Methodology: The camel, buffalo and cowmilk analysis were carried out in Dairy Technology Laboratory. Chemical analysis of milk was done by proximate analysis. The efficacy study was conducted at District TB Hospital Faisalabad. After chemical analysis milk was offered to the patients suffering with tuberculosis and several parameters (age, body weight, BMI, ESR, Chest X-Ray and Sputum Smear Test) were recorded. Twenty-four patients diagnosed with tuberculosis were selected and divided into four groups. Group one was control group. Three treatments were framed (camel milk, buffalo milk and cow milk) and provided with 250ml of milk twice a day for forty days. Several parameters (body weight, Body Mass Index, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), chest X-Ray and sputum smear test) were recorded. Results: A significant increase in BMI of three groups (camel, buffalo and cow milk group) was observed. A significant decrease in ESR from 47.00 to 25.50 mm/hour was seen in P1 group while in P2 and P3 it was decreased from 49.17 to 40.83 mm/hour and 55.00 to 47.83 mm/hour respectively. Five patients were recovered by camel milk while only half patients showed negative report in the sputum smear test in cow and buffalo milk-fed group. Conclusion: Camel milk had beneficial effect on reduction of tuberculosis in human. However, due to short duration of study the effect of camel milk on sputum conversions and chest X-ray was not significant. EnglishTuberculosis, Camel milk, Buffalo milk, Cow milk, Body Mass Index (BMI), Proximate analysishttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4579http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4579

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411416EnglishN2022August23HealthcareImpact of COVID-19 Pandemic among Undergraduate Dental Students: A Qualitative Study English1519Kumar VSEnglish Karuveettil VEnglish Yeturu SKEnglish Krishnan NAEnglish Arjunraj UKEnglish Menon SSEnglish Radhakrishnan VEnglishEnglishCOVID-19, Dental, Impact, Qualitative, Undergraduate Students, Educationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4580http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4580