Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411415EnglishN2022August5HealthcarePrevalence of Quinolone Resistance Genes gyrA and gyrB in Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections
English0109Fozia FoziaEnglish Naseeb NasirEnglish Hussain MubashirEnglish Wahab AbdulEnglish UlHaq ZiaEnglish Ahmad MushtaqEnglish Ahmad NisarEnglish Ahmad IjazEnglish Amal AlotaibiEnglishIntroduction: Antibioticshave significant importance in medicinal drugs but unfortunately bacteria can adapt various resistance mechanisms against those due to their abuse. A frequent way through which nitrate-reducing uropathogens acquire resistance mechanism against fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics is by continuously occurring mutation either in gyrA or gyrB genes through altering enzyme DNA gyrase that help in DNA replication. Microorganisms causing Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) vary in their susceptibility to antimicrobials from place to place and from time to time. Aim: The current study was performed to find the prevalence of nitrate-reducing bacteria in district Kohat and Hangu, their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern to various fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics and detection of mutation in gyrA and gyrB genes in the resistant bacterial isolates. Nitrate-reducing bacteria i.e E.coli, Klebsiella and Proteus are considered to be the frequent cause of UTI that reduce nitrate to nitrite by releasing enzyme nitrate reductase. Methodology: A Total of 252 urine specimens of suspected UTI patients were collected from Districts Head Quarter Hospitals (DHQ) and Combined Military Hospital (CMH) hospitals of districts Kohat and Hangu, Pakistan. Specimens reactive to nitrate strip reduction test were inoculated on (Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient) CLED media, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics were used for to check their sensitivity patterns. Result: One hundred and seventy-five (69.44%) urine specimens were positive for nitrate reduction test, including 135 (77.14%) E. coli, 33 (18.85%) Klebsiella and 7 (4.0%) Proteus, verified through biochemical tests. Conclusion: Among the nitrate-reducing bacteria, fifty-one (37.22%) out of 135 E. coli, 9 (27.27 %) out of 33 Klebsiella and 2 (28.57%) out of 7 Proteus were resistant to most of fluoroquinolones group of antibiotics with moxifloxacin being the least resistant while ofloxacin being the most resistant antibiotic Malformed DNA gyrase producing mutated gyrA and gyrB genes were further detected in nitrate-reducing bacteria showing resistant to fluoroquinolones.
EnglishPrevalence, Quinolone resistance, Nitrate reducing bacteria, Proteus, GyrA and gyrB, Urinary tract Infectionshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4565http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4565Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411415EnglishN2022August5HealthcareReviving Ayurveda as a Component of AYUSH
English1011Pratyush SharmaEnglish Imran Ahmed KhanEnglishAyurveda is an ancient system of healthcare and a way of life that deals with the prevention and promotion of health and treatment of various acute and chronic difficult-to-treat ailments. The knowledge of Ayurveda is precious but it somehow lost its charm in past due to lack of utilization of its propositions clinically. The relevance of AYUSH is becoming more important in the present scenario because of changes in the disease spectrum and notion that prevention of disease could be equally (and at times only) significant thing to achieve. This has bought new scientific insights to the basic theories of Ayurveda. Recent declaration of the establishment of WHO Global Centre for Traditional Medicine (GCTM) in Jamnagar with the acquiescence of Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the World Health Organization and honorable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, will definitely add credit to the present account. Also, it will serve the original essence of Ayurveda by taking it to reach of every mankind with sufficient and reliable services. This short communication is just an attempt to provide a brief map to the journey of the uprising of indigenous systems of medicine with the establishment of Ministry of AYUSH.
EnglishAYUSH, Ayurveda, Traditional medicinehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4566http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45661. Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, official website. https://main.ayush.gov.in/background/
2. Khan IA, Baranwal K, Joshi HS, Sharma P. Prevention and management of chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) with integrated Modern and Ayurvedic principles. Indian Journal of Preventive & Social Medicine. 2021 Mar 30;52(1):55-61.
3. Huang Z, Chavda VP, Bezbaruah R, et al. An Ayurgenomics Approach: Prakriti-Based Drug Discovery and Development for Personalized Care. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:866827. Published 2022 Apr 1. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.866827.
4. Teja PK, Mithiya J, Kate AS, Bairwa K, Chauthe SK. Herbal nanomedicines: Recent advancements, challenges, opportunities and regulatory overview. Phytomedicine. 2022;96:153890. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153890.
5. Muthappan S, Elumalai R, Shanmugasundaram N, et al. AYUSH digital initiatives: Harnessing the power of digital technology for India’s traditional medical systems [published online ahead of print, 2021 Dec 27]. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2021;13(2):100498. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2021.07.014.
6. Baragi UC, Vyas MK. Evaluation of diet and lifestyle in the etiopathogenesis of Urdhwaga Amlapitta (non-ulcer dyspepsia). Ayu. 2013 Oct; 34 (4): 352-5. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.127705.
7. Mallick S. Challenges of mainstreaming: Ayurvedic practice in Delhi Government health institutions. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 2016 Mar 1;7(1):57-61.
8. Sharma H, Chandola HM, Singh G, Basisht G. Utilization of Ayurveda in health care: an approach for prevention, health promotion, and treatment of disease. Part 2—Ayurveda in primary health care. The journal of alternative and complementary medicine. 2007 Dec 1;13(10):1135-50
Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411415EnglishN2022August5HealthcareIsolation, Identification and Speciation of Dermatophyte Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital
English1216Ganesan REnglish Joseph Pushpa Innocent DEnglish Sheila Doris Devamani TEnglishIntroduction: The common fungal infections seen in human are Dermatophytoses. They are capable to invade keratinized tissues. Mainly affect the skin, hair and nail, therefore, called as keratinophilic fungi. Dermatophytes falls under three Genus known as Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum collectively called as dermatophytes. Unlike bacteria fungi are multicellular and are having different and specific morphology. They can be grown in the artificial media at room temperature and in human body temperature Objective: Isolation and identification of fungi will help to select the appropriate antifungal management of dermatophyte infection. Methodology: For isolation identification and speciation of dermatophytes the clinical specimens should be collected from skin, nail and hair which are obtained from patients attending the Dermatology department. Over a period of one and half year. A total no of 180 samples are collected from the patients. Samples are examined under direct microscopy in 10%, and 40% KOH. The morphology of the fungal hyphae is studied. Samples are also inoculated onto SDA and incubated at 25C and 37C for14 days. The colony characteristics and microscopic morphology in LPCB preparations are also examined. Based on the results the fungiare identified. Further speciation was carried out by using hair perforation test and Urease test. Results: All the 180 clinically suspected specimen of dermatophytes when examined results showed that most of the cases are seen between the age group of 21and 30 years. The predominant isolates belong to the genus Trichophyton (96.70%). Among the Trichophyton species mentagrophytes is the most common isolate (58.24%) T. rubrum is the next important species isolated. Conclusion: Early identification of the dermatophytes and timely given therapy will be of greater value in the prevention of fungal infection.
EnglishDermatophytes, Potassium Hydroxide, Urease test, Kerotinophilic fungus, Fungal culture medium, Fungal infectionhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4567http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45671. ChanderJ(Ed). Textbook of Mycology. 4th edition. Faridabad. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 2018.
2. Mathur M, Kedia SK, Ghimire RBK. “Epizoonosis of dermatophytosis”: A clinico - mycological study of dermatophytes infections in central Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2012;10(37):30– 3.
3. Valdigen GL, Pereira T, Macedo C, Duarte ML, Oliveira P, Ludovico P, Souza-basto A, Leão C, Rodrigues F. A twenty-year survey of dermatophytosis in Braga, Portugal. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45:822-27
4. Bindu V, Pavithran K. Clinico - mycological study of dermatophytosis in Calicut. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2002;68:259-61
5. Grover S, Roy P. Clinico-mycological profile of superficial mycosis in a hospital in North-East India. Med J Armed Forces India. 2003;59(2):114–6.
6. Khadka S, Sherchand JB, Pokharel DB, Mishra SK, Dhital S, Basista R. Clinicomycological Characterization of Superficial Mycoses from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal, Dermatology Research and Practice, vol. 2016, Article ID 9509705, 7 pages.
7. Sahai S, Mishra D. Change in the spectrum of dermatophytes isolated from superficial mycoses cases: First report from Central India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2011;77:335-6
8. Washington WJ, Stephen A, William J, Elmer K, Gary P, Paul, S. Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Publications. 2017
9. Negroni R. Historical aspects of dermatomycoses. Clin Dermatol.2010;28(2):125–32
10. Qadim HH, Golforoushan F, Azimi H, Goldust M. Original papers Factors leading to dermatophytosis.Annals of Parasitology 2013;59(2):99–102.
11. Khosravi AR, Shokri H, Mansouri P. Immediate hypersensitivity and serum IgE antibody responses in patients with dermatophytosis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2012;30(1):40–7.
12. Fernanda M, Gavazzoni R, Bernardes-filho F, Schechtman RC, Quaresma-Santos MVP, Gutstein A. Update on therapy for superficial mycoses: review article part I. 2013;88(5):764–74.
13. Fernanda M, Gavazzoni R. Treatment of superficial mycoses: review - part II. A Bras Dermatol.2013;88(6):4-6.
14. Ameen M. Epidemiology of superficial fungal infections. Clin Dermatol.2010;28(2):197–201.
15. Nowrozi H, Nazeri G, AdimiP, Bashashati M, Emami M. Comparison of the activities of four antifungal agents in an in vitro model of dermatophyte nail infection. Indian J Dermatol. 2008:53(3):125-8.
16. Moriarty B, Hay R, Morris-Jones R. The diagnosis and management of Tinea. BMJ .2012;345:e4380
17. Surendran K, Bhat RM, Boloor R, Nandakishore B, Sukumar D. A Clinical and Mycological Study of Dermatophytic Infections. Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2014;59(3):262-267. 20.
18. Sarma S, Borthakur AK. A clinico-epidemiological study of dermatophytoses in Northeast India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2007; 73:427-8
19. Agarwal US, Saran J, Agarwal P. Clinico-mycological study of dermatophytes in a tertiary care centre in northwest India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2014; 80:194 22
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21. Lyngdoh CJ, W. Lyngdoh V, Choudhury B, Sangma KA, Bora I, Khyriem AB. Clinico-mycological profile of dermatophytosis in Meghalaya. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2013;3(4):254-256.
22. Suman Singh S, Beena P M. Profile of dermatophyte infections in Baroda. Indian J Dermatol VenereolLeprol 2003; 69:281-3.
23. Venkatesan G, Singh AJAR, Murugesan AG, Janaki C, Shankar SG. Trichophyton rubrum – the predominant etiological agent in human dermatophytoses in Chennai, India. 2007;(May):9–12
Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411415EnglishN2022August5HealthcareEvaluation of Extenders for the Liquid Storage of Ring-Necked Pheasant (Phasianuscolchicus) Semen
English1724Saba MumtazEnglish Anum RazzaqEnglish Bushra Allah RakhaEnglish Mudassar IqbalEnglish Tariq AhmadEnglish Laila KhanumEnglish Rida PervaizEnglish Shamim AkhtarEnglish Farha QayyumEnglishIntroduction: Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianuscolchicus) is a famous game bird and has ecological, marketable, aesthetic, sport and nutritive values. It is native to Eastern central Asia, China, Japan and is introduced as game bird to other regions of the world. Population of this species is continuously declining due to hunting pressure, habitat fragmentation, meat purpose and increased urbanization. There is need to conserve the species through techniques of semen banking as may provide a protected net against extinction. Objective/Aim: The current study was designed to asses range of extenders (Red fowl, Tselutin Poultry, Beltsville Poultry, Chicken semen, Lake and EK extenders) for storage of ring-necked pheasant semen at 5 °C in refrigerator for 48 hours. Methodology: Short-term semen storage method used for avian semen, as avian sperms are sensitive to higher 11temperature fluctuations during the cryopreservation process. Semen collection was made from trained and mature cocks and diluted in the Beltsville Poultry, Red fowl, Lake, EK, Tselutin Poultry and Chicken semen extenders, stored at 5°C and evaluated for sperm motility (%), plasma membrane integrity (%), viability (%), acrosome integrity (%) and DNA fragmentation at 0h, 3h, 6h, 24h and 48 h of storage. Results: The spermatozoa motility was higher (pEnglishRing-necked pheasant, Liquid storage, Extenders, Semen, Sperm motility, Acrosome integrityhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4568http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4568Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411415EnglishN2022August5HealthcareA Prospective Evaluation of Laparoscopic Management of Renal Hydatidosis: Our Experience
English2529Mikir PatelEnglish Hritik PatelEnglish Anup PatelEnglishIntroduction: Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease affecting various organs like liver, lungs, spleen or rarely kidneys, caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Its presentation may be atypical leading to diagnostic and management difficulties. A high index of suspicion for hydatid disease should be maintained while evaluating complex cystic renal masses. Accurate diagnosis of primary renal hydatid disease is difficult in spite of latest imaging modalities. With the technological advancements and increasing experience in laparoscopy, nowadays renal hydatid disease has been reported to be managed by transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach. Objective/Aim: To present a prospective evaluation of renal hydatidosis managed laparoscopically. Material Methods: All 22 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic management of renal hydatid disease from August 2019 to July 2021. Prior to surgery all patients were preoperatively evaluated with CT urography. All patients were operated with total laparoscopic transperitoneal route by standard three ports as for renal surgery. Patients demographic and perioperative data were recorded prospectively and analysed. Outcome measures were demographic data, perioperative data, complications and follow-up at 12 months. Results: The mean operative time was 190.3 minutes and average blood loss was 180.4 ml in our study. There were 4 cases converted to open method in our study. There were 7 cases managed with cyst excision, 3 cases managed with cyst deroofing and marsupilisation, 9 cases required pericystectomy and 3 cases required nephrectomy as there was no salvageable parenchyma in our study. Conclusion: Laparoscopic treatment of renal hydatid cyst is safe, feasible and effective due to its advantages to open surgery, if surgical expertise is available. It can minimize morbidity, as surgery is the treatment of choice.
EnglishCystic renal mass, Echinococcus granulosus, Hydatid cyst, Laparoscopy, Pericystectomy, Renal hydatidosishttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4569http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4569Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411415EnglishN2022August5HealthcareClinical Study of Testicular Leiomyosarcoma: Our Experience
English3032Mikir PatelEnglish Hritik PatelEnglish Anup PatelEnglishIntroduction: Leiomyosarcoma is malignant soft tissue tumor of mesenchymal origin arising from undifferentiated smooth muscle cells. Thera are two types of Leiomyosarcoma of scrotum namely para-testicular and intra-testicular. The Intra testicular tumor is relatively rare. Blood vessels or contractile cells of the seminiferous tubules is believed to be the origin of this rare tumor which is of mesenchymal origin. Objective: Prospective clinical evaluation of testicular leiomyosarcoma with retroperitoneal mass and metastasis to para-aortic and retro-caval lymph nodes. Material & Methods: All 21 consecutive patients who were diagnosed as testicular mass on evaluation from August 2018 to July 2021 were included in study after fulfillment of eligibility criteria. Prior to surgery all patients were evaluated. All patients operated with standard method of radical high inguinal orchidectomy, followed by chemo or radio therapy as and when required on further evaluation and histopathology checked. Patients demographic, clinical-pathological, testicular tumor parameters and tumor markers with perioperative data, metastatic parameters recorded prospectively and analysed. Outcome measures were demographic data, tumor response, perioperative data, complications and follow-up at 12 months. Results: In our study out of 21 patients, 13 patients (61.9%) were found to be in stage 1,4 patients (19%) were in stage 2 and another 4 patients (19%) were in stage 3 according to IGCCCG. Only 5 patients (23.8%) were found with retroperitoneal paraarotic and paracaval Lymphadenopathy. Metastasis to liver, lung, brain and major visceral organs were present in 4 of our patients (19.8%). Conclusion: As less cases have been reported so far, clinical and biological behavior of this tumor difficult to predict. Based on the literature review, the treatment of choice for an intratesticular leiomyosarcoma is a radical orchidectomy and clinico-radiological surveillance in cases at stage I. As there are no available data regarding the management of stage II or Stage III disease post radical orchidectomy.
EnglishMesenchymal tissue, Leiomyosarcoma, Smooth muscle cells, Testicular tumors, Tumor marker, Reteroperitoneal Lymphdeopathyhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4570http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45701. Froehner M, Fischer R, Leike S, Hackenberg OW, Noack B, Wirth MP.Intratesticular leiomyosarcoma in a young man after high dose of doping Oral-Turinabol: a case report. Cancer 1999;Oct 15;86(8):1571-5.
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7. Mohd Shafi M, Dzumbaeva F, Abduldaev T. Primary testicular leiomyosarcoma, A case report. Journal Of Pakistan Medical Association 2011; Oct;61(10):1014-6
Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411415EnglishN2022August5HealthcareA Subtractive Proteomics Approach to Identify Putative Drug Targets Against Parasitic Species
English3339Sehgal ParakhEnglishIntroduction: Parasitic diseases affecting humans continue to be the leading cause of morbidity as well as mortality, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. With the rise of multi-drug resistant forms of many diseases, it has become increasingly important to develop new strategies to identify alternative drug targets. One such strategy for analysis of protein sequences of pathogen that can provide useful insight and markers for drug target identification is the Subtractive Proteomics Approach (SPA). In this dataset between the host and pathogen proteome is subtracted and analysed which provides information pertaining to a set of proteins that are likely to be essential to the pathogen but absent in the host. The subtractive Proteomics Approach (SPA) is one of the most efficient methods which includes the use of various precise software databases. Aim: SPA analysis was to predict putative drug targets in parasitic species Leishmania major, Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi. Methods: Common proteins of these species were predicted using Transporter Database 2.0. Common protein was analyzed by BlastP tool that predicted proteins that are non-homologous to homo sapiens. Database of Essential Genes (DEG) database was used to predict essential proteins for parasites and results were subjected to CELLO tool to identify the subcellular localization of important protein targets. Prosite database identified important protein families and patterns which were present in drug targets. Results: Drug targets identified in parasitic species Leishmania major, Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi are mitochondrial Carrier family, Major Facilitator Superfamily, Sulfate Permease Family, P-type ATPase Superfamily and Major Intrinsic Protein Family respectively. Conclusion: Screening of drug targets using SPA approach has identified major drug targets in parasitic species and which are not present in human and can be investigated further by computational drug designing and systems biology approach.
EnglishSubtractive proteomics approach (SPA), BlastP, DEG, CELLO, Prosite, Superfamily.http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4571http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45711. Torgerson PR. World Health Organization estimates of the global and regional disease burden of 11 foodborne parasitic diseases, 2010: a data synthesis. PLoS medicine. 2015 Dec 3;12(12):e1001920.
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7. Snow RW, Guerra CA, Noor AM, Myint HY, Hay SI. The global distribution of clinical episodes of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Nature. 2005 Mar;434(7030):214-7.
8. Aksoy S. Human African trypanosomiasis research gets a boost: unraveling the tsetse genome. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2014 Apr 24;8(4):e2624.
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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411415EnglishN2022August5HealthcareA Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)
English4046Singh RajneeshEnglish Tirkey Eva RaniEnglishIntroduction: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) /Spring catarrh is a chronic, bilateral, although it can occasionally present unilaterally1 at times asymmetrical, seasonally exacerbated, allergic inflammation of the ocular surface, involving the lids, conjunctiva (tarsal/bulbar), limbus and the cornea with periodic incidence of self-limited character mainly affecting patients in their first or second decade2 Aim: To conduct a prospective study to find the association of astigmatism in patients of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in tertiary health care Centre. Material and Method: Hundred patients, age ranging between 5 and 20 years, with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) attending the ophthalmology out-patient department at tertiary health care centre, Rewa, M.P., India from January 2020 to June 2021 were included in the study. Detailed history including a record of age, sex, place of residence, age of onset of symptoms, seasonal variation, associated allergic or atopic history, best corrected visual acuity, refractive status and autorefractometry was noted, and each patient was thoroughly examined with slit lamp. Result: Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is found to affect young males76 (76%) more than females 24 (24%). Male: female 3:1. 80% patients were below 16 years of age, more in summer in the month of May and June. Itching was the commonest presentation 100 (100%). Palpebral 59 (59%) form of the VKC was predominant type of all three. Myopia 28 (28%) was the commonest refractive error followed by Hypermetropia 9 (9%) and Astigmatism 19 (19%). Amongst astigmatism maximum were having mixed type astigmatism, palpebral form was mostly associated with astigmatism. Conclusion: We found myopia to be the commonest refractive error in patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis followed by hypermetropia and astigmatism. Chronic VKC was the commonest manifested stage. Palpebral Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis was the commonest clinical type.
EnglishVernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Allergy, Palpebral, Limbal, Hypermetropia, Myopia, Astigmatismhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4572http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4572Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411415EnglishN2022August5HealthcareFactors Associated with Non-Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment Among Patients in Lahore, Pakistan
English4753Ruhamah YousafEnglish Saleem M. RanaEnglish Ejaz M.A. QureshiEnglish Asif HanifEnglish Shumaila NargusEnglish Muhammad SG. KhanEnglish Tallat A. FaridiEnglish Seemal VehraEnglishIntroduction: Tuberculosis is a major public health threat that has annihilated more of its infected subjects than any other infectious disease. This study was conducted to explore the factors of non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment along with the socio-demographic indicators. The study also assessed the association between reasons for non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment and the place of living of the patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Social Security Hospital, Lahore from September 2020 to June 2021 by interviewing 150 participants receiving anti-TB drugs for at least one month. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding patient’s sociodemographics and factors associated with non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment. A Chi-square test was performed to find out the association between reasons for non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment and place of living using SPSS. Results: Of 150 participants, 54.7% were males while 45.3% were females having age range between 18 to 80 years. The average duration of anti-tuberculosis treatment was 3.88±1.346 months. The average overall number of anti-tuberculosis treatment doses missed during the last two weeks was 3.23 ±1.495. Patients reported that the treatment course was lengthy (99.3%), took more than 15 minutes travel time to reach the health care facility (91.3 %), and felt that their appetite was influenced after taking drugs (90.7%). Patients living in rural areas (52.6%) were more likely to feel poor support from health staff as compared to those who were residing in urban areas (33.3%) which was statistically significant (p = 0.026). Conclusion: The study concluded that the level of education of the patients is associated with the non-adherence to TB treatment among people living in urban and rural areas. Also, distance of the healthcare facility from residence, travelling time, nature and availability of transport services significantly affect the patient compliance with the TB therapy. Moreover, socioeconomic background, monthly income, and employment status play an important role in the determination of successful completion of TB treatment by a patient. Whereas multiple drugs for treatment, higher dosages and long duration of treatment also affects the adherence to the treatment plan.
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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411415EnglishN2022August5HealthcareRelationship of Adiponectin with Metabolic Syndrome Indicators in Pregnancy: A Cross-sectional Study
English5459Yasmin AkhtarEnglish Mudassir Ahmad KhanEnglish Muhammad Kashif MalikEnglish Seemin KashifEnglish Gulalai RehmanEnglish Alla UddinEnglish Abdullah AdnanEnglish Arooba Usman SheikhEnglishIntroduction: Obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension are indicators of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Low serum adiponectin levels might be able to predict MetS. Objective/Aim: This study was meant to assess relationship between MetS and adiponectin. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, women in their 24-40 weeks of pregnancy were selected. The study consisted of two groups, one group comprised 100 control, healthy pregnant women, while second group comprised 100 pregnant women with known gestational diabetes. Body mass index (BMI), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure participants were recorded. Blood was tested for HbA1c, HDL, triglycerides, and serum adiponectin levels. Results: BMI of 30% of participants was ≥30 kg/m², and 43% of the participants had HbA1c ≥6.5%. HDL levels were lower than normal in 30% of participants, and serum triglyceride levels were higher than normal in 78% of participants. SBP was higher than normal in 23% of the participants. Adiponectin level was low in >60% of cases. No statistically significant difference was found between the BMI of both groups. SBP and DBP were within normal limits in both groups. HbA1c levels were higher than normal, and HDL levels and adiponectin levels were lower than normal in the diabetic group. No statistically significant difference was found in TAG levels in both groups, and it was higher than normal in both groups. Regression analysis showed that adiponectin levels could predict diabetes and low HDL levels in our study. Conclusion: Hypoadiponectinemia could predict MetS indicators like hyperglycemia and low HDL levels.
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19. Madhu S, Bhardwaj S, Jhamb R, Srivastava H, Sharma S, Raizada N. Prediction of gestational diabetes from first-trimester serum adiponectin levels in Indian Women. Indian J Endocr Metab. 2019;23:536. doi:10.4103/ijem.IJEM_319_19