Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcareProtein Isolation and Separation Techniques of Pasteurella multocidavia One- and Two-Dimen-Sional Gel Electrophoresis
English0108Yousef N. AlhashemEnglish Arshad FaridEnglish Mohammed Al MohainiEnglish Muhammad MuzammalEnglish Muhammad Hashim KhanEnglish Arezoo DadrasniaEnglish Abdulkhaliq J. AlsalmanEnglish Maitham A. Al HawajEnglish Shakira GhazanfarEnglish Eman M. AlmusalamiEnglish TEnglishIntroduction: Bacteria in the genus Pasteurella live as commensal parasites on the mucous membranes of vertebrates, particularly mammals and birds. Pasteurella species like Pasteurella multocida and Pasteurella haemolytica cause significant economic losses as a result of diseases caused by these two microorganisms. Objective: This study compares protein isolation and analysis methods for effective one and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of Pasteurella multocidaproteins and a preliminary protein mapping and analysis of P. multocida serotype B. Methodology: Protein samples were obtained by two isolation methods: homogenisation/sonication and detergent lysis. 1D SDS-PAGE methodology was optimized for protein loading, separating gel percentages and gel size. Detergent lysis was the preferred isolation method of total proteins. Results: The optimum running condition for SDS-PAGE was determined to be 15 µg of protein loading run on a 12.5% separating gel with a gel size of 10cm x 10cm. Preliminary 1D SDS-PAGE analysis revealed 3 distinct protein bands (33 kDa, 39 kDa and >200 kDa), which could only be found specifically in serotype B samples. The samples were then separated by 2-DGE after optimization. The optimum running condition was 500µg of protein sample loaded using rehydration loading with immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips pH 3–10 for the first-dimension isoelectric focusing (IEF) and 12.5% single percentage gel for the second dimension SDS-PAGE. The protein map, which produced the most, spots were compared to in silico 2-DGE protein patterns of Pm70 in GELBANK database. Conclusion: A total of 23 proteins were identified and protein of 33 kDA was identified in both 1D SDS-PAGE and 2-DGE. This is the first protein analysis and the first protein map of P. multocida serotype B ever produced.
EnglishPasteurella multocida, Homogenization, Sonication, Detergent lysis, Gel, Electrophoresis, Protein Isolation and Separationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4515http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4515Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcareFibrolipoma of Neck - A Case Report
English0911Preethi MuraliEnglishIntroduction: Lipoma is the most common benign mesenchymal tumor of adipose tissue. Their occurrence in the head and neck is relatively rare. Lipomas in the neck region are rare tumors that usually present as slowly growing painless masses, found in the lateral portions of the neck. Case Report: Here, we report a case of lipoma lying over the right nape of the neck in a 26-year-old female. A pedunculated overgrowth was gradually progressive in size with no other complaints. It was soft, mobile and non-tender. It was clinically diagnosed as a fibroepithelial polyp and later on, a histopathological examination was performed which revealed benign lipoma. Surgical excision is an elective treatment. However, an accurate differential diagnosis, postsurgical histological examination and careful follow-up are required. The purpose of this case report is to recognize rare lipomas that occur in unusual locations in the head and neck in order to identify them when they cause diagnostic problems. Conclusion: Lipomas can occur in any site of the body, However, rare variants in unusual sites should not be ignored by clinicians and should be sent for histopathological diagnosis for a confirmed diagnosis.
English Lipoma, Lipomatosis, Head and neck neoplasms, Benign tumors, Fibrolipoma, Elective treatmenthttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4516http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45161. Bancroft LW, Kransdorf MJ, Peterson JJ, O’Connor MI. “Benign fatty tumors: classification, clinical course, imaging appearance, and treatment,” Skeletal Radiology, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 719–733, 2006.
2. Fregnani ER, Pires FR, Falzoni R, Lopes MA, Vargas PA, “Lipomas of the oral cavity: clinical findings, histological classification and proliferative activity of 46 cases,” IJOMS vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 49–53, 2003.
3. Barnes L. Tumors & tumor-like lesions of the head & neck: In: Barnes L, editor. Surgical Pathology of The Head & Neck. New York, NY: Dekker; 1985: 747-758
4. A case of large deep fibrolipoma in the left subclavicular region that compromised the brachial plexus and thoracic duct: A case report, International Journal of Surgery Case Reports, Volume 48,2018, Pages 139-141
5. Vargas Fernández JL, Lorenzo Rojas J, Aneiros Fernández J, Sainz Quevedo M. Dermoid cyst of the floor of the mouth. Acta Otorrhinolaringol Esp.2007;58(1):31-3.
6. Lakshmi S, Somashekara KG, Priya NS. Epidermoid cyst of tongue. Otorhinolaryngol Clin.2011;3(2):122–4.
7. Khubchandani, M, Thosar NR,Bahadure RN, Baliga MS, Gaikwad RN.“Fibrolipoma of buccal mucosa.” Contemporary clinical dentistry vol. 3, Suppl 1 (2012): S112-4. doi:10.4103/0976- 237X.95119
Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcarePrimary Pterygium Surgery: An Alternative Method Utilizing Conjunctival Tissue Over Thepterygium Itself Retaining its Own Vascular Supply
English1217Subhasis JanaEnglish Sumi GhoraiEnglish Asim K DeyEnglish Mousumi BanerjeeEnglishIntroduction: The gold standard management of pterygium is pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft utilizing the superior bulbar conjunctiva, but its preservation is essential for future glaucoma surgery. Aim/Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the outcome and complications of primary pterygium excision utilising the conjunctival tissue over the pterygium itself to cover the bare area retaining its own vascular supply and to preserve the superior bulbar conjunctiva for future uses. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective non-comparative study, 42 eyes with primary pterygium underwent pterygium excision utilising conjunctival tissue over the pterygium itself maintaining its original position and retaining its vascular supply for the period of 2018-2020. Methodology: In this technique two conjunctival incisions were given, one at the neck of the pterygium and other at 5-5.5 mm away from the limbus. The underlying fibrovascular tissue was separated and removed. Conjunctival tissue was placed in its normal position over the bare sclera maintaining its own vascular supply. Results: Mean age of the study population was 44.86 ± 11.68 years. Mean follow-up period was 12.62 ± 3.96 months. No recurrence was detected in the follow-up periods. The main two complications were subconjunctival injection and graft edema which were 100% and 33.33% respectively. Conclusion: This study results provide that utilization of the conjunctival tissue over the pterygium itself with retaining its own vascular supply can be a useful alternative technique for the management of primary pterygium and thus the superior bulbar conjunctiva can be preserved for future uses.
EnglishPrimary pterygium, Conjunctival autograft, Glaucoma surgery, Vascular supply, Superior bulbar conjunctiva preservation, outcomehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4517http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45171. Duke-Elder WS. System of Ophthalmology. Vol 8, Part 1. London: Henry Kimpton; 1965. p. 573–83.
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4. Kwok LS, Coroneo MT. A model for pterygium formation. Cornea. 1994;13: 219-24.
5. Di Girolamo N, Chui J, Coroneo MT, Wakefield D. Pathogenesis of pterygia: role of cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2004; 23:195-228.
6. Hirst LW. The treatment of pterygium. SurvOphthalmol. 2003; 48:145-80.
7. Tan DT, Chee SP, Dear KB, Lim AS. Effect of pterygium morphology on pterygium recurrence in a controlled trial comparing conjunctival autografting with bare sclera excision. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997; 115:1235-40. Erratum in: Arch Ophthalmol. 1998; 116:552.
8. Sati A, Shankar S, Jha A, Kalra D, Mishra S, Gurunadh VS. Comparison of efficacy of three surgical methods of conjunctival autograft fixation in the treatment of pterygium. Int Ophthalmol. 2014;34:1233-9.
9. Kenyon KR, Wagoner MD, Hettinger ME. Conjunctival autograft transplantation for advanced and recurrent pterygium. Ophthalmology. 1985;92:1461-70.
10. Kodavoor SK, Tiwari NN, Ramamurthy D. Concomitant use of conjunctival tissue graft from the pterygium itself without rotation in pterygium surgery: A full circle in conjunctival autografting. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018;66:506-10.
11. Jap A, Chan C, Lim L, Tan DT. Conjunctival rotation autograft for pterygium. An alternative to conjunctival autografting. Ophthalmology 1999;106:67-71.
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17. Syam PP, Eleftheriadis H, Liu CS. Inferior conjunctival autograft for primary Pterygia. Ophthalmology.2003;110(4):806-810.
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19. Adamis AP, Starck T, Kenyon KR. The management of pterygium. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 1990;3:611-23.
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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcareThe Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio for Detecting Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis
English1825El Gendy FMEnglish El-Sayed HMEnglish Abd Al-Azeez AAAEnglish Elharoun MSHEnglishIntroduction: For neonates, early-onset sepsis is still a prevalent and deadly disease. In adult studies, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been shown to have relevant relationships with inflammatory markers and the severity of various disorders. Aim: The purpose of this study was to see how useful the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are as diagnostic adjunct tests for term infants with neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS). Methodology: A case-control study, comprised 150 newborns (100 newborns with neonatal sepsis who were admitted to NICU (Menoufia University Hospital, from December 2019 to February 2021) within the first three postnatal days as a case group and 50 healthy newborns as a control group). History taking, full clinical examination, complete blood picture, C-reactive protein and blood culture, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were done for all newborns. Results: There were no significant differences between patient and control groups as regard gestational age, gender, mode of delivery, gestational age and birth weight. Respiratory distress and tachycardia were the most common clinical sign so fearly onset sepsis (EOS). As regard the vital data patient group had higher respiratory rate and heart rate of SPO2 neutrophil there was significant difference between patient and control groups as regard immature to total ratio. Patient group had higher neutrophil count, NLR and PLR ratios and CRP ratio than control group. As regard blood culture, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Staphaureus were the most common organism. Additionally, the sensitivity of NLR and PLR to diagnose sepsis were100%, 83.3%, respectively. Specificity was 100% and 100%, respectively, at cutoff value of ≥6.79 and >27.24, with accuracy of96%,85.6%, respectively. Conclusion: As diagnostic indicators for early-onset newborn sepsis, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), I/T ratio, and serum CRP levels demonstrated good sensitivity a
EnglishEarly Onset, Neonatal Sepsis, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio, Pediatric intensive care, Platelet-lymphocyte ratiohttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4518http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4518Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcareEfficacy of Quadriceps sets with Biofeedback and Modified Quadriceps sets with Biofeedback along with Ultrasound in Reduction of Pain and Active Extension Lag in Bilateral Knee Osteoarthritis”- A Comparative Study
English2632Gaurav BhatnagarEnglish Shital GhuleEnglish Pallavi DangatEnglish Rafi MohammedEnglish Vishvnath PawadshettyEnglishIntroduction: The functional dysfunction in the osteoarthritis knee is caused by pain and quadriceps muscle weakness. Physiotherapy treatment includes isometric and isotonic exercises for improving joint range of motion and muscle strength of quadriceps muscle. Biofeedback can be combined with these exercises to enhance awareness about the extent of work done by the muscle. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of quadriceps sets with biofeedback and modified quadriceps sets with biofeedback along with ultrasound in the reduction of pain and active extension lag in knee osteoarthritis. Methodology: A total number of 30 participants were divided into group A and B, 15 each group according to inclusion and exclusion criteria using simple random sampling. Group A received quadriceps sets exercises with biofeedback and group B received modified quadriceps sets with biofeedback. Both groups also received pulsed ultrasounds prior to exercise. The outcome measures were pain and extensor lag, which were assessed at baseline and after 2 weeks of the treatment protocol. Results: Both the groups showed improvement but between-group analysis showed a significant reduction of pain (mean 1.53 right side and mean 1.73 left side, pEnglishActive extension lag, Biofeedback, Modified Quadriceps sets, Osteoarthritis Knee, Ultrasound, Stiffnesshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4519http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4519Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcareLow Covid-19 Vaccination Rate in Bulgaria
English3337Irinka HristovaEnglish Despina GeorgievaEnglish Greta KolevaEnglishIntroduction: Misinformation and fake news feed the fears that many people have of the approved vaccines against Covid-19 around the world. In Bulgaria, it is no different. The latest statistics indicate Bulgaria as the EU country with the lowest percentage of adults with completed vaccination status. To date, the cumulative number of confirmed deaths since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic has exceeded 26,000. Aim/Objective: This report presents an analysis of the results of a study of attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination in Ruse district, Bulgaria. Material and Methods: The survey was conducted in the period October 25 - November 14 2021, and covered 549 adults. Despite the high levels of information awareness in Bulgaria, a low vaccination rate has been reported. Results: Of all respondents, only 26.0% (143 n) were vaccinated against Covid-19. At the time of the survey, there were no national orders for a mandatory EU COVID Certificate required for all indoor activities. Discussion: What is really worrying is the fact that 4.9% (20 n) of unvaccinated respondents openly state that they will find a way to buy a fake EU COVID certificate if it becomes mandatory. This intention has been reported across all age groups, working-age population, and mainly among those living in cities and with completed secondary education. Conclusion: In our opinion, increasing the control over the issuance of COVID vaccination certificates and respectively, eliminating the possibility for issuing fake ones should be a national policy for our countr
EnglishVaccination, EU countries, COVID Certificate, Covid-19 pandemic, Fear of vaccination, Vaccine hesitancyhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4520http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4520Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcarePrevalence and Risk Factors of Intimate Partner Abuse Among Women in Al-Madinah City, Saudi Arabia
English3845Akram Adel AlandijaniEnglish Abdulqader Ibrahim SusiEnglish Sumayyah Mohammed AlsharifEnglishEnglishAbuse, Attitude, Prevalence, Violence, Women, Saudi Arabiahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4521http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4521Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcarePrevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients
English4655Mokhtar M ShEnglish Radwan AWEnglish Fakher MAEnglish Khalil MAEnglish Abd Elraouf Sh YEnglish Abu kamar LHEnglishIntroduction: Age is linked to an increase in the incidence of a variety of diseases and disabilities, as well as a loss in the functional reserve of numerous organ systems and a gradual reduction in personal and social resources. A serious shortage of intensivists and ICU beds is expected as a result of existing unitization practices. In 2006, approximately 50% of all admissions to intensive care units were elderly patients, and those patients consumed 60% of all ICU days. Further, during the last 6 months of life, ICU days account for 25% of all Medicare dollars spent. Aims: This study aimed to predict the risk factors of intensive care unit mortality in critically ill elderly patients ≥65 years old with special emphasis on age as a predictor of poor outcome. Methodology: This is a retrospective cohort historical study carried out for one year from January 2015 to January 2016 at the intensive care unit of Teaching Hospital, Menoufia Governate. A total of 800 consecutive patients were included over 12 months, 402 (50.2%) were male and 398(49.8%) were female aiming at assessment of risk factors of their in-hospital mortality with special emphasis on age as a predictor of poor outcome. Results: There were statistically significant differences between survival and mortality among patients regarding cardiac, renal and electrolyte disorders, neurological and gastrointestinal disorders, MPM II predicted death rate, hematological and oncologic disorders except Hematological malignancy and pulmonary disorders except Airway diseases. Conclusion: Anemia, thrombocytopenia, non-hematological malignancy, systolic blood pressure≤90 at admission, C-reactive protein (CPR) prior to admission, vasopressor infusion, and mechanical ventilation were the independent risk factors associated with raised mortality in elderly patients. We should adopt measures to decrease the incidence of these complications to try to reduce mortality. A better comprehension of factors associated with death in the elderly can improve medical care to these patients.
English Complications, Critically ill elderly patients, Hemodynamic, Hospital mortality, Metabolic risk factors, Prevalencehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4522http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45221. Marik PE. Management of the Critically Ill Geriatric Patient. In: O’Donnell J., Nácul F. (eds) Surgical Intensive Care Medicine. Springer, Cham.2016
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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcareBiosurfactant Screening and Antibiotic Analysis of Bacillus salmalaya
English5664Maitham A. Al HawajEnglish Arshad FaridEnglish Mohammed Al MohainiEnglish Abdulkhaliq J. AlsalmanEnglish Muhammad MuzammalEnglish Muhammad Hashim KhanEnglish Arezoo DadrasniaEnglish Yousef N. AlhashemEnglish Shakira GhazanfarEnglish Eman M. AlmusalamiEnglish TEnglishIntroduction: Biosurfactants are made up of naturally occurring molecules such as lipopeptide, glycoprotein, lipoprotein, and fatty acids. Using biosurfactants rather than chemical and synthetic surfactants is safer. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate biosurfactant properties and antibiotic resistance of soil bacteria, Bacillus salmalaya strain 139SI. Bacillus salmalaya produces biosurfactants, which capable of reducing surface tension of certain media, as they are surface-active molecules. Methods: In current study Parafilm M Test, Drop Collapse, Oil spreading methods for biosurfactants screening were used and antibiotic analysis was done using an aseptic technique. Results: 600μl biosurfactant (460 mg/ml) was the most effective volume to produce large diameter of oil spreading zone when 700 μl of oil was used. 0.23g freeze-dried supernatant powder mixed with 0.5 ml distilled water (460 mg/ml) produced larger clearing zone than powder mixed with 1 ml (230 mg/ml) and 1.5 ml distilled water (153 mg/ml). In cleaning activity of crude oil container, biosurfactant was able to clean oil in the container and this can be applied in cleaning oil waste from crude oil tank and can also be used to clean oil spillage. In antibiotic analysis study, ten soil bacteria isolates included Bacillus salmalaya were selected. Conclusion: All isolates had shown different sensitivity towards different antibiotics. Bacillus salmalaya showed sensitivity to almost all selected antibiotic compared to other isolates. This indicated that this strain is safe to be used as it was sensitive to many antibiotics.
EnglishBacillus salmalaya strain 139SI, Biosurfactant, Oil, Synthetic, Antibiotic resistance, Drop Collapsehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4523http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45231. Ismail AH, Kusbiantoro A, Chin SC, Muthusamy K, Islam M, Tee KF. Pozzolanic reactivity and strength activity index of mortar containing palm oil clinker pretreated with hydrochloric acid. J. Clean. Prod. 2020 Jan 1;242:118565.
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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcarePleurotus citrinopileatus Extracts in HepG2 Cancer Cell Study
English6569Saroja PreethyEnglish AnbuselviEnglishIntroduction: Pleurotus citrinopileatus is a mushroom with n-number of biomolecules expressing both nutraceutical and pharmaceutical qualities. In recent years, there are many medicinal properties of the mushroom brought to light, be it the biomolecules that inhibits fat-induced weight gain; cancer treatments for hepatoma, colon or HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity by novel lectins present in it. Objective: The present study is to find the degree of cell damage in HepG2 cancer cell lines caused by the extracts of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. Method: Herein, we are going to compare the level of cell damage caused by acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Pleurotus citrinopileatus using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Result: Acetone extracts of the mushroom showed higher cell damage in HepG2 cell line, indicated by MTT assay with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 37.03µg/ml, compared to the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. Conclusion: The acetone extract appears to possess biologically active compounds that might help reduce the viable cancer cells. If used as an adjuvant drug with cisplatin can reduce the effects caused by it and activate P53 action. Novelty: Further study on the biomolecules present in oyster mushrooms can give us an insight into the apoptotic behavior of cancer cells.
EnglishAcetone, Aqueous extract, Cell damage, Cell viability, Ethanol, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Chemo-embolizationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4524http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45241. Crouch SPM, Kozlowski R, Slater KJ, Fletcher J. The use of ATP bioluminescence as a measure of cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. J. Immunol. Meth. 1993;160:81–8.
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4. Jose N, Ajith TA, Janardhanan KK. Oyster mushroom extract protects antioxidant defense system in ciplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Adv. Tradit. Med. 2004;4(1):22-27.
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6. Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U, Ahmad MZ, Patowary P, Das A. Immunomodulatory effect of the mushrooms and their bioactive compounds in cancer: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother.2022;149:112901.
7. Viktoriia AA, Olga IK, Ekaterina VP, The curious case of HepG2 cell line: 40 years of expertise. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021;22(23):131-35.
8. Younis A, Stewart J, Wu F-S, Hassan F, El Shikh H, Elaasser MM. Cytotoxic activity of edible mushroom extracts against tumor cell lines. Int. J Sci. Tech.2014;3(11):736-742.
9. Xu W, Huang JJ-H, Cheung PCK. Extract of Pleurotus Pulmonarius suppresses liver cancer development and progression through inhibition of VEGF-Induced PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PLoS One2012;7:e34406.
10. Ziko L, Riad S, Amer M, Zdero R, Bougherara H, Amleh A. Mechanical stress promotes Cisplatin-induced Hepatocellular carcinoma cell death. Biomed Res. Int. 2015;2015:430569.
Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcareAssociation between Dyslipidemia and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
English7073Hanozia HassanEnglish Narindar KumarEnglish Muhammad Ibrahim MengalEnglish Aneel KapoorEnglish M Saqib Ur RehmanEnglish Aamir HussainEnglishIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes is a severe disease. It contains hormones that produce certain metabolic abnormalities and long-term problems. Urine contains low but abnormal levels of albumin which is the initial stage called “microalbuminuria”. Aim: To examine the association between dyslipidemia and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Methodology: Overall, 110 type 2 diabetic patients were involved in this study. Their detailed clinical history was evaluated along with clinical examination, urine albumin creatinine ratio, serum lipid profile. Data was analyzed using the Chi-square test and ANOVA test. It was done by the software EPICAL. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and duration: This study was conducted at Bilawal Medical College for Boys at LUMHS Jamshoro Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021. Results: A total of45 patients were having normoalbuminuria, 25 were having overt proteinuria, and the rest 40 patients had microalbuminuria. The most significant lipid abnormalities found in this study was increased LDL and increased triglyceride. Patients having Normoalbuminuria and overt proteinuria were compared and it was found that LDL and triglyceride had a positive correlation. As triglycerides increased, LDL also increased. Both had a p-value EnglishDiabetic nephropathy, Dyslipidemia, Low density lipoprotein, Triglycerides, Metabolic abnormalities, Proteinuriahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4525http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45251. Takemura T, Yoshioka K, Aya N, Murakami K, Matumoto A, Itakura H, Kodama T, Suzuki H, Maki S. Apolipoproteins and lipoprotein receptors in glomeruli in human kidney diseases. Kidney international. 1993 Apr 1; 43(4):918-27.
2. Schlondorff D. Cellular mechanisms of lipid injury in the glomerulus. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1993 Jul 1; 22(1):72-82.
3. Schlondorff D. Cellular mechanisms of lipid injury in the glomerulus. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1993 Jul 1; 22(1):72-82.
4. Jisieike-Onuigbo NN, Unuigbe EI, Kalu OA, Oguejiofor CO, Onuigbo PC. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult diabetic patients with overt diabetic nephropathy in Anambra state South-East Nigeria. Niger. J. Clin. Pract.. 2011; 14(2):171-5.
5. Jisieike NN. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and obesity among adult diabetic patients with overt nephropathy in south-eastern nigeria. Faculty of Pathology. 2008.
6. Berfield AK, Chait A, Oram JF, Zager RA, Johnson AC, Abrass CK. IGF-1 induces rat glomerular mesangial cells to accumulate triglyceride. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2006; 290(1):F138- 47.
7. Gomez-Guerrero C, Hernandez-Vargas P, Lopez-Franco O, Ortiz-Munoz G, Egido J. Mesangial cells and glomerular inflammation: from the pathogenesis to novel therapeutic approaches. Current Drug Targets-Inflammation & Allergy. 2005; 4(3):341- 51.
8. Wolf G. New insights into the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy: from haemodynamics to molecular pathology. Eur. J. Clin. 2004 Dec; 34(12):785-96.
9. Raptis AE, Viberti G. Pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 2001; 109(Suppl 2):S424-37.
10. Song CY, Kim BC, Hong HK, Lee HS. Oxidized LDL activates PAI-1 transcription through autocrine activation of TGF-β signaling in mesangial cells. Kidney international. 2005 May 1; 67(5):1743-52.
11. Nagase M, Kaname S, Nagase T, Wang G, Ando K, Sawamura T, Fujita T. Expression of LOX-1, an oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor, in experimental hypertensive glomerulosclerosis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2000 Oct 1; 11(10):1826-36.
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14. Scheuer H, Gwinner W, Hohbach J, Gröne EF, Brandes RP, Malle E, Olbricht CJ, Walli AK, Gröne HJ. Oxidant stress in hyperlipidemia-induced renal damage. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 2000.
15. Tonolo G, Cherchi S. Tubulointerstitial disease in diabetic nephropathy. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2014; 7:107.
16. Marateb HR, Mansourian M, Faghihimani E, Amini M, Farina D. A hybrid intelligent system for diagnosing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes patients without having to measure urinary albumin. Computers in biology and medicine. 2014 Feb 1; 45:34- 42.
17. Davidson MH, Maki KC, Pearson TA, Pasternak RC, Deedwania PC, McKenney JM, Fonarow GC, Maron DJ, Ansell BJ, Clark LT, Ballantyne CM. Results of the national cholesterol education (NCEP) program evaluation project utilizing novel E-technology (NEPTUNE) II survey and implications for treatment under the recent NCEP writing group recommendations. Am J Cardiol. 2005 Aug 15; 96(4):556-63.
18. Afghahi H, Cederholm J, Eliasson B, Zethelius B, Gudbjörnsdottir S, Hadimeri H, Svensson MK. Risk factors for the development of albuminuria and renal impairment in type 2 diabetes— the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2011 Apr 1; 26(4):1236-43.
19. Cases A, Coll E. Dyslipidemia and the progression of renal disease in chronic renal failure patients. Kidney international. 2005 Dec 1; 68:S87-93.
20. Zhang F, Guan W, Fu Z, Zhou L, Guo W, Ma Y, Gong Y, Jiang W, Liang H, Zhou H. Relationship between serum indirect bilirubin level and insulin sensitivity: Results from two independent cohorts of obese patients with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. Int. J. Endocrinol. 2020 Jul 29; 2020
Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcareEffectiveness of Vacuum-assisted Closure (VAC) Therapy for Open Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study
English7477Waseem AhmedEnglish Sher Baz KhanEnglish Bader Mohammed H AlqarniEnglish Ahmed ElkhashabEnglish Niaz Hussain KeerioEnglish Hamza FareedEnglishIntroduction: Treatment of wounds is a crucial process that requires an event of cell migration to control blood perfusion and repair in a short time period. The series of cell migration involves debris removal, infection control, reducing inflammation, formation of granulation tissue. Aim: To examine the effectiveness of vacuum-assisted closure therapy for open musculoskeletal injuries. Methodology: All the patients underwent the standard radiological assessment. We performed a routine hematological investigation. We gently placed the open-pore foam (35 PPI density and 33 mm thick) dressing into the cavity of the wound. We used 400–600 microns size polyurethane open-pore foam because these foams are effective at transmitting mechanical forces across the wound also assist wound healing by applying pressure on the entire wound. The drape was used to seal the wound site. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Muhammad Medical College and Hospital Mirpurkhas, PHQ Hospital Gilgit, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021. Results: For this study, we recruited 30 patients with a mean age of 39 ± 18 years. All the selected patients had acute trauma. We observed 13.33% cases with decreased wound size greater than 25mm over 8 days however no significant difference was found between 0 to 8 days. The overall mean difference of wound size was reported as 13.24 ± 8.48 with a significant p-value of 0.0001 which depicts a significant shrink in wound size over time. Regarding bacterial growth, we observed that at day 0 all patients reported bacterial growth which reduces to 40% cases at day 8. Conclusion: Outcomes of our study revealed that vacuum-assisted closure therapy is an effective method for managing open musculoskeletal injuries. Sub atmospheric pressure reduces blood perfusion, increases the formation of granulation tissue, and also minimizes tissue bacterial growth.
EnglishOpen musculoskeletal injuries, Vacuum Assisted wound closure, Adults, atmospheric pressure, Treatment, Debridementhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4526http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4526Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcareClinicopathological\Characteristics and Related Risk Factors of Oral Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study
English7883Naveed AhmedEnglish Deepak RaiEnglish Sheikh Sajjad AliEnglish Ashok KumarEnglish Ali Akber AftabEnglish Mehwish HaqdadEnglishIntroduction: Oral cancer is the most prevalent and globally fifteenth-most reported cancer worldwide, as per International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Several forms of oral malignancies are recognized clinically and pathologically, although oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) account for 90% of all oral cancers. Aim: To find out whether socioeconomic factors and clinicopathological traits may play a role in the development of oral squamous cell carcimoma (OSCC). Methodology: A total of 197 individuals were incorporated in the study who were diagnosed and treated in the ENT department. A systematic questionnaire was used to collect clinicopathological and socioeconomic data. Descriptive analysis was used for socioeconomic status (SES) and demographics, whereas regression analysis was used to establish a link between SES and tobacco chewing practices, tumor size, and stage. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Jhalawan Medical College Khuzdar Pakistan from January 2021 to December 2021. Results: We found a higher prevalence of males, -+++-++-and the average age of patients with OSCC was 43.6 ± 12.2 years. Most of the individuals had a low SES status, and 76.6% chewed tobacco and related substances regularly. Tobacco chewing behaviors or consumption of Smoke Less Tobacco (SLTs) products were substantially connected with gender (male) and SES (pEnglish Buccal cavity, Chewing Tobacco, Low socioeconomic status, Oral cancer, Tumor site, Smoke Less Tobaccohttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4527http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=45271. García-Martín JM, Varela-Centelles P, González M, Seoane Romero JM, Seoane J, García-Pola MJ. Epidemiology of oral cancer. Oral Cancer Detection: Springer; 2019. p. 81-93.
2. Idrees R, Fatima S, Abdul-Ghafar J, Raheem A, Ahmad Z. Cancer prevalence in Pakistan: a meta-analysis of various published studies to determine variation in cancer figures resulting from marked population heterogeneity in different parts of the country. World J Surg Oncol. 2018;16(1):1-11.
3. Johnson DE, Burtness B, Leemans CR, Lui VWY, Bauman JE, Grandis JR. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2020;6(1):92.
4. Pires FR, Ramos AB, Oliveira JB, Tavares AS, Luz PS, Santos TC. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathological features from 346 cases from a single oral pathology service during an 8-year period. J. Appl. Oral Sci. : Revista FOB. 2013;21(5):460- 7.
5. Gajurel R, Gautam DK, Pun CB, Dhakal HP, Petrovski BE, Costea DE, et al. Trends and clinicopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinomas reported at a tertiary cancer hospital in Nepal during 1999 to 2009. Clinical and experimental dental research. 2020;6(3):356-62.
6. Anwar N, Pervez S, Chundriger Q, Awan S, Moatter T, Ali TS. Oral cancer: Clinicopathological features and associated risk factors in a high-risk population presenting to a major tertiary care center in Pakistan. PloS one. 2020;15(8):e0236359.
7. Niaz K, Maqbool F, Khan F, Bahadar H, Ismail Hassan F, Abdollahi M. Smokeless tobacco (paan and gutkha) consumption, prevalence, and contribution to oral cancer. Epidemiology and health. 2017;39:e2017009.
8. Stepanov I, Jensen J, Hatsukami D, Hecht SS. New and traditional smokeless tobacco: comparison of toxicant and carcinogen levels. Nicotine & tobacco research: Nicotine Tob. Res.. 2008;10(12):1773-82.
9. Badar F, Mahmood S. Hospital-based cancer profile at the Shaukat Khanum memorial cancer hospital and research center, Lahore, Pakistan. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2015;25(4):259-63.
10. Shah S, Dave B, Shah R, Mehta TR, Dave R. Socioeconomic and cultural impact of tobacco in India. Fam. Med. Prim. Care Rev. 2018;7(6):1173-6.
11. Abdulla R, Adyanthaya S, Kini P, Mohanty V, D’Souza N, Subbannayya Y. Clinicopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma among the younger age group in coastal Karnataka, India: A retrospective study. J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol :. 2018;22(2):180-7.
12. Bhawna G. Burden of smoked and smokeless tobacco consumption in India - results from the Global adult Tobacco Survey India (GATS-India)- 2009-201. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev :. 2013;14(5):3323-9.
13. Mummudi N, Agarwal JP, Chatterjee S, Mallick I, Ghosh-Laskar S. Oral Cavity Cancer in the Indian Subcontinent - Challenges and Opportunities. Clinical oncology. 2019;31(8):520-8.
14. Krishna A, Singh RK, Singh S, Verma P, Pal US, Tiwari S. Demographic risk factors, affected anatomical sites and clinicopathological profile for oral squamous cell carcinoma in a north Indian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(16):6755- 60.
15. Singh PK, Yadav A, Singh L, Mazumdar S, Sinha DN, Straif K, et al. Areca nut consumption with and without tobacco among the adult population: a nationally representative study from India. BMJ open. 2021;11(6):e043987.
16. Saleem Z, Abbas SA, Nadeem F, Majeed MM. The habits and reasons of delayed presentation of patients with oral cancer at a tertiary care hospital of a third world country. Pak J Health. 2018;8(3):165-9.
17. Saleem Z, Shaikh AH, Zaman U, Ahmed S, Majeed MM, Kazmi A, et al. Estimation of salivary matrix metalloproteinases-12 (MMP-12) levels among patients presenting with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):1-8.
18. Allen L, Williams J, Townsend N, Mikkelsen B, Roberts N, Foster C, et al. Socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. The Lancet Global health. 2017;5(3):e277-e89.
19. Walke AN, Bhagat TV, Chaudhary M. Evaluation of competing mortalities in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with surgical and nonsurgical therapies.
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21. Meerjady SF, Christopher GNM-T, Mahmudur R. Betel quid chewing and its risk factors in Bangladeshi adults. WHO Southeast Asia J Public Health. 2012;1(2):169-81.
22. Islami F, Kamangar F, Nasrollahzadeh D, Aghcheli K, Sotoudeh M, Abedi-Ardekani B, et al. Socioeconomic status and oesophageal cancer: results from a population-based case-control study in a high-risk area. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2009;38(4):978-88.
23. Agarwal AK, Sethi A, Sareen D, Dhingra S. Treatment delay in oral and oropharyngeal cancer in our population: the role of socioeconomic factors and health-seeking behavior. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg: official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India. 2011;63(2):145-50.
24. Singer S, Bartels M, Briest S, Einenkel J, Niederwieser D, Papsdorf K, et al. Socio-economic disparities in long-term cancer survival-10 year follow-up with individual patient data. Supportive care in cancer: Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. 2017;25(5):1391-9
Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411412EnglishN2022June17HealthcarePrevalence of Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia in Unbooked Pregnant Women: A Cross-sectional Study
English8487Asma HaqueEnglish Humaira TahirEnglish Ifat BalouchEnglish Maliha FatimaEnglish Farkhunda KhursheedEnglish Zubeda BhuttoEnglishIntroduction: The goal of prenatal care is to improve maternal and fetal outcomes and identify and manage high-risk patients early. Antenatal surveillance, lifestyle change, nutritional supplements, and pharmaceutical therapy are current strategies for preventing pre-eclampsia, which is the precursor to eclampsia. Aim: To determine the prevalence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in unbooked pregnant women. Methodology: The study included 295 unbooked primigravida and multigravida women. Participants with any other confirmed medical conditions, such as persistent hypertension, diabetes, thyroid abnormalities, or known renal illness, were excluded from the study. Complete blood count, liver function tests, renal function tests, coagulation profile, and 24-hour urine for protein were all done on the study population. All of the patients were treated according to the department’s standard procedure. Proteinuria was detected using a urine dipstick, a detailed urine report, or a 24-hour urinary protein test. Pre-eclampsia was identified with blood pressure monitoring. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Sohail Trust Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from November 2020 to November 2021. Results: The majority of the patients, 135 (45.76 %), were between 31 to 40 years of age. The average gestational age was 25.14± 4.67 weeks. The average gravidity was 3.56 ± 5.65. The average parity was 2.34± 0.67. The average height was 158.67 cm, with a margin of error of 15.67 cm. The average weight was 70.6±6.65 kilograms. The average BMI was 30.76 kg/m2. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were found in 40 (13.55 %) and 25 (8.4 %) in unbooked pregnant women respectively. Conclusion: According to this study, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are much more common in unbooked pregnant women. So, to improve the fetomaternal outcome, we recommend that national awareness programs be established in which pregnant women are encouraged and emphasized for early antenatal care, accurate dating, and early detection of maternal disorders that can threaten pregnancy and its outcome.
English Eclampsia Preeclampsia, High-risk, Pregnancy, Un-booked, Fetomaternal outcome, Hypertensionhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4528http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4528