Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareComparison of Quality of Life, Physical and Respiratory Parameters in Players and Non Players with Spinal Cord Injury English0109Aditi ShahEnglish Monalisa PattnaikEnglish Patitapaban MohantyEnglishIntroduction: Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition making most of the affected population wheelchair-bound. Moreover, affecting cardio-respiratory functioning and the overall life quality of an individual. Sports has been an evident and widely accepted means to strengthen all body systems. Materials & Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study with two groups of sports players and non-players with Spinal cord injury [sample size (n) = 34, for each group] with a mean age of 28.5± 3.956 in players groups and 31.24± 5.217 in non-players group, were selected. Quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL BREF questionnaire (including 4 domains i.e. Physical health, Psychological health, Environmental health and social relationships). Physical health parameters included Resting heart rate, Physiological cost index and Muscular endurance. Respiratory parameters (FEV1%, FVC% and MVV %) were recorded using a computerized spirometer (minister model). Results: In the independent t-test, the Quality of life domains showed a statistically significant difference in the Physical health domain (p=0.007), Psychological health domain (p=0.00) and Environmental domain (p=0.021) while not in the Social relationships domain (p=0.889). Among respiratory parameters; FEV1% (p=0.022), FVC % (0.04) showed statistically significant differences while no significant difference in MVV% was predicted. Among Physical health parameters, the Physiological cost index (p=0.00), Resting heart rate (p=0.01) and Muscular endurance (p=0.01) showed significant differences. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the overall Quality of life of sports players with spinal cord injury (paraplegic) is improved. Due to participation in sports and training; muscular endurance improved, the Physiological cost index of wheelchair propulsion and Baseline heart is decreased. English Baseline heart rate, Muscular endurance, Physiological cost index, Spinal cord injury, Quality of life, Wheelchair sportshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4266http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4266

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareChallenges of Healthcare Provision in the Conflict Zone of the ‘Red Corridor’ in India English1013Swain AnsumanEnglish Sumit KumarEnglishIntroduction: India faces numerous internal conflicts with the Naxalite insurgency being one of them. Since the onset of the Maoist insurgency in the country in 1967, the Naxalite activities have impeded the healthcare provision in those regions. With a perennial scarcity of healthcare infrastructure, personnel as well as security, the healthcare system takes a toll. Consequently, the state of healthcare in these regions is dismal. Aim: This paper aims to explore the challenges of healthcare provision in the conflict-affected regions of India. Methodology: Published literature was reviewed from Pubmed, Scopus, and Google scholar to look for reports on healthcare in conflict zones of India. The search phrases were Conflict zone in India, healthcare in the Red corridor region, Naxalite and Maoist insurgency. Selected studies were reviewed for evidence to support this narrative review. Results: Due to the lack of availability of essential facilities for subsistence, healthcare workers are often unwilling to work in the ‘Red Corridor’ region of the country despite the provision of attractive packages by the government. The consequences of the shortage of healthcare facilities are reflected as poor health and well-being of the natives of these areas. Conclusion: As the healthcare sector is dependent on many other, holistic measures need to be taken to scale up the healthcare provision in these conflict zones of the country. EnglishConflict zone, Healthcare provision, Maoist, Naxalite, Red Corridor, Health infrastructurehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4267http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4267

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareComparison of Salivary Flow and Candida Carriage in Patients with Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis: An In Vivo Study English1418Ashish Bhaskar ZopeEnglish Lata Madhukar KaleEnglish Jyoti Dasharath MagareEnglish Aishwarya Madhukar KaleEnglishObjective: To compare salivary flow & candida carriage in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) as OSMF causes a reduction in salivary flow making odontogenic structures caries prone & increasing in candida causing oral thrush, angular chelitis& in some cases malignancies. Material & Methods: A total of 40 subjects were included in the study & divided into 2 groups. The 1st group included patients without OSMF & the 2nd group included patients with OSMF. The duration of the study was 1 year. For every subject, inter incisal distance was measured using vernier callipers. The saliva sample was collected in pre-weighed cotton rolls & the difference was noted. A separate saliva sample was collected & inoculated on chrome agar for candida growth. Descriptive statistics like mean, median & standard deviation were used to summarize the variable. Differences in the mean across the groups were tested by Student’s t-test. Results: The difference in salivary flow was statistically significant at a 5% level of significance (P-value < 0.000). The control group did not show candida growth. In contrast, the OSMF group showed the presence of candida in 16 out of 20 samples. Conclusion: Salivary flow was decreased significantly & candida carriage was increased significantly in patients with OSMF as compared with healthy control group subjects. As the grades of OSMF increased, the salivary flow was decreased & candida carriage was increased. EnglishOral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), Inter-incisal distance, Visual blanching of oral mucous membranes, Stiffness of buccal mucosae on palpation, Salivary flow rate, Candida carrihttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4268http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4268

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareStudy of Some Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Adults in a Rural Area - A Case-Control Study English1928Ashwini Dongre EnglishIntroduction: The risk factors heretofore specified in the development of type 2 diabetes in the urban population cannot fully apply to rural inhabitants. To halt type 2 diabetes, it is necessary to study recent risk factors associated with diabetes. Objective: To study some risk factors and their strength of risk with type 2diabetes Mellitus among subjects in the rural area. Methods: It was a community-based case-control study undertaken at the Rural Health Training Centre and the rural field practice area. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 55.48 ± 12.33 years.Independent risk factors for diabetes mellitus were Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (AOR=7.44,95%CI=2.18–14.52), Family history of diabetes (AOR=3.94, 95%CI=1.19–13.05), Physical inactivity(AOR=2.98,95%CI=1.88–4.72), Vegetable consumption less than 3 times/week (AOR=2.88,95%CI=1.76–4.73), Moderate depression (AOR=6.98,95%CI=3.56–13.70). Conclusions: This research concludes that diabetes a disease of the affluent is increasing rapidly among the lunch-bucket workers as a result of a 6.98-fold rise in the risk of moderate depression, 7.44-fold rise in the risk of NAFLD, 2.88-fold decrease in vegetable consumption combined with a 2.98-fold increase in physical inactivity. Considering this the policymakers should impose a high amount of taxes on junk food and propose health warnings on food packaging. Advertisement related to the sale of junk food should be banned on television and routine physical exercises should be promoted. Management of depression at PHC would result in a decrease in the incidence of diabetes mellitus. These important risk factors should be given attention as they provide the potential for reversing the epidemic of diabetes in the country. EnglishDiabetes Mellitus, Family history of diabetes, NAFLD, Moderate depression, Sugar-sweetened beverages, Metabolic equivalenthttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4269http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4269

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareProblems Faced by Healthcare Professionals of Lahore Pakistan in Covid-19 Pandemic English2934Junaid AshrafEnglish Ruhamah YousafEnglish Bareera SaeedEnglish Iqra RehmanEnglish Sonia AslamEnglish Anila YousafEnglish Shahzaib AshrafEnglishEnglishCOVID-19, Pandemic situation, Sleep quality, Anxiety, Depression, Healthcare Professionalshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4270http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4270

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareEffect of Post-cataract Surgery Topical NSAID Plus Steroid Vs Topical Steroid Alone on Central Macular Thickness English3540Bhushan Vishwas ChaudhariEnglish Madhav J BhatEnglish Aartee PalsuleEnglishIntroduction: An uneventful cataract surgery can lead to retinal changes including subclinical cystoid macular oedema. The use of NSAID preoperatively and steroids and NSAID combination postoperatively reduces the incidence of pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema. Objective: To compare the effect of post-cataract surgery topical NSAID (bromfenac 0.09%) plus steroid (prednisolone acetate 1% ) use to that of topical steroid (prednisolone acetate 1% ) use alone on central macular thickness assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods: A prospective, observational, comparative study including 100 eyes of 100 patients who underwent uncomplicated Small Incision Cataract Surgery with PCIOL implantation. Among these, 50 operated eyes of 50 patients were started postoperatively on topical bromfenac 0.09% with prednisolone acetate 1% (Group 1) and 50 operated eyes of other 50 patients were started postoperatively on topical Prednisolone acetate 1% alone (Group 2). The patients were randomly distributed into two groups. The Subfoveal thickness, Parafoveal thickness and Perifoveal thickness of macula on OCT of both groups were noted preoperatively a day before surgery and postoperatively at Day1, 2weeks and 4weeks. Results: The study included sixty males and forty females.33.0% patients belonged to 50-59 years, 42.0% to 60-69 years and 25.0% to 70-79 years. There was a statistically significant increase in mean Subfoveal thickness, mean Parafoveal thickness and mean Perifoveal thickness in Group 2 patients as compared to Group 1 patients postoperatively at 2 weeks and 4 weeks. Conclusion: The central macular thickness in the early postoperative period is significantly less in patients on postoperative topical NSAID and steroid as compared to those on postoperative topical steroid alone. Adding a topical NSAID to a topical steroid postoperatively has a beneficial effect on Central macular thickness. EnglishBromfenac 0.09%, Prednisolone acetate 1%, Small Incision Cataract Surgery, Optical Coherence Tomography, Central macular thicknesshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4271http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4271

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareDietary Habits and Health Survey in Undergraduate Medical Students: Body Mass Index & Questionnaire-based Study English4145Kharbanda CharuEnglishIntroduction: In society, a medical practitioner is regarded as the synopsis of correct food habits & lifestyle. Medical students, at the same time, also are perceived to have a greater idea of correct dietary habits & a healthy lifestyle. It is but natural that students who themselves adopt a healthy lifestyle are more likely to influence their patients. Nevertheless, studies are there indicating that medical students who stay in hostels are more prone to erratic dietary habits, junk food addiction and lack of exercise due to long study hours. Aims: Research regarding nutritional status in M.B.B.S., physiotherapy and nursing students in BJMC, Ahmedabad. Material & methods: a cross-sectional survey is done with 910 hostels residing & day scholar M.B.B.S., physiotherapy and nursing students in BJ medical college, Ahmedabad. Parameters such as BMI and waist-hip ratio were measured in all participants and students are categorised into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Results: Regarding the BMI calculation for study participants, 9.6 % of students are underweight, 70.2 % are Normal weight, 16 % are overweight and 4.2 % are obese. According to these data, more than 20 % of students are overweight at this tender age which makes them susceptible to lifestyle diseases in the future. Regarding waist-hip ratio (WHR) 26.9 % of students have WHR of more than 0.9. Conclusion: Healthy dietary practices among medical students are very important as they are future caregivers. If they ignore their health then they are more likely to fail to guide their patients regarding a healthy lifestyle. Only superior knowledge about a healthy lifestyle does not necessarily result in better practices. Students should be taught about the importance of yoga practices, daily exercises and dietetics. English Body mass index, Waist-hip ratio, Obesity, Lifestyle diseases, Patients, Foodhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4272http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4272

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareEffectiveness of Met and Strain-Counterstrain in Treating Acute Myofascial Upper Trapezius Trigger Points in Patients with Mechanical Neck Pain - A Comparative Study English4650Gaurav BhatnagarEnglish Shital GhuleEnglish Salim Baburao SheikhEnglish ASK BashaEnglishIntroduction: A myofascial trigger point (MTrP) is a hyperirritable spot that can give rise to referral pain, local tenderness, muscle weakness, decrease ROM, peripheral and central sensitization. Manual therapy techniques like M.E.T and strain counter strain have been used in combination to treat upper trapezius trigger points. So the study aimed at comparing the clinical efficacies of these two manual therapy techniques for treating upper trapezius myofascial trigger points in patients with mechanical neck pain. Methods: 30 participants from MIP College OPD, who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with each group consisting of 15 participants after obtaining their consent. After baseline examination, the participants were randomized to receive either MET (Group A) or Strain counter strain (Group B). The outcome of interest like Pain intensity via NPRS, cervical lateral flexion ROM via goniometer, and cervical pain, and disability via neck disability index (NDI) were assessed at baseline & at the end of 4 weeks. Result: MET and Strain-Counterstrain were effective among which MET was significantly more effective in reducing neck pain (Mean 2.20, pEnglish Mechanical neck pain, MET, Neck Disability, Strain-counter strain, Trigger pointshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4273http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4273

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareIdentification of the Organic Volatile Impurities in Telmisartan Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Its Pharmaceutical Dosage forms by using Head Space Gas Chromatography Technique English5156J. Krishna KishoreEnglish K. Prasada RaoEnglishIntroduction: Residual Solvents or Organic Volatile Impurities are a potential risk for the quality and stability of drug products as well as the human body if intake exceeds the permitted daily exposure. They do not provide any therapeutic benefit and must be removed to the maximum possible level Objective: The work presented in this paper explains the simple and rapid Head Space Gas Chromatography (HS-GC) technique for the Quantitative estimation of Three Organic Volatile Impurities (OVIs) in Telmisartan Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and its Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: Organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, and n-butanol are frequently used in the manufacturing of Telmisartan. The process for quantification of OVIs in Telmisartan API has been done with Head Space Gas Chromatographic method with the detector of Flame Ionization and utilizing the Shimadzu GC- 2010 with a capillary column of FID (DB-624, 30 m × 0.53 mm, 3 μ), with a carrier gas nitrogen at 4.0 mL/min flow rate. The experimental parameters like injection temperature, oven temperature, make-up flow, zero air, injection temperature; split ratio, headspace conditions, and the diluent selection have been considered and were optimised. Results: Retention times are 2.23 min for methanol, 3.04 min for acetone, and 7.20 min for n-butanol respectively. The proposed technique has been statistically validated based on standard International Conference on Harmonization guidelines (ICH). The % Relative Standard Deviation (% RSD) for the system precision of six injections was should be not more than 10.0 %. The percentage recovery was found between 85-115 %. The correlation coefficient (R2) is not less than 0.99. Limit of Detection (LOD) was found as 19 ppm (methanol), 26 ppm (acetone), and 21 ppm (n-butanol). The Limit of Quantification (LOQ) was found as 58 ppm (methanol), 77 ppm (acetone), and 64 ppm for n-butanol. The intermediate precision and method precision were found to be within the limit of acceptance. Conclusion: From the obtained validation results the proposed technique has been fruitfully applied for quantification of organic volatile impurities in Telmisartan Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient as well as its pharmaceutical dosage forms. EnglishMethod development, Organic volatile impurities, Telmisartan API, Validation, Chromatography, Quantificationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4274http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4274

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareStudy on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Organ Donation Among Medical, Dental and Nursing Students in a Tertiary Health Care Setting of Chengalpet District, Tamilnadu, India English5762Manimuthu ReenaEnglish Pothipillai ArumugamEnglish Iyanar KannanEnglishIntroduction: Organ transplantation is a boon for end-stage organ failure patients as it provides them with long-term survival and better quality of life. Despite this, in India, there is a shortage of organ donors which forms a hurdle in transplantation. One of the reasons may be the knowledge and attitude of health care professionals which are key elements in facilitating the cadaveric organ donation process. Objectives: The present study was designed to assess and compare the knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among medical, dental and nursing students. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study done between October 2019 and March 2020 among 420 undergraduate students of Tagore Medical, Dental and College of Nursing in the district of Chengalpet, Tamilnadu, India. The KAP questionnaire was developed regarding organ donation. The content validation was done and the reliability of the tool was checked by using Cronbach’s Alpha test. This validated self-administered questionnaire was provided to the undergraduate medical, dental and nursing students. Results: Out of 420 participants, 180 students were undergraduate medical students. The majority of the participants were in the age groups of 21 to 22 years (37. 8%) and 17 to 18 years (10.6%). The study on the knowledge of the participants showed that the medical students have more adequate knowledge on organ donation. However, the attitude is concerned, more numbers of medical and dental students showed good attitude compared to nursing students. The overall results showed the students of final year and internship have adequate knowledge and a good attitude. Conclusion: The present study which analysed the knowledge and attitude on organ donation among medical, dental and nursing students has been identified that there is a considerable difference in their knowledge and attitude on organ donation. This may be attributed to the differences in the details about organ donation in their curriculum. English KAP study, Organ transplantation, Organ donation, Undergraduate students, Health care professionals, Blood donationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4275http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4275

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareGender Differences in the Microanatomy of Skin of Sole in Humans English6366Pankaj Arvind KumarEnglish Dande KaweriEnglish Rani AnitaEnglish Chopra JyotiEnglish Rani ArchanaEnglish Srivastav SaurabhEnglishIntroduction: It is known that actual values of thickness of epidermis of the skin and its variations with body site, age and sex are important in fields of medical and biological research. The variations in skin reaction to certain stimuli could be due to biological factors such as epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, distribution of epidermal appendages etc. Aims: Aim of the present study was to establish variations in the number of different components of skin in human cadavers. Material and Methods: Skin was procured from the sole of six freshly formalin-fixed human cadavers. Out of these three were males and three were females. The age of male and female cadavers ranged between 60 to 70years (mean age 67years). Skin samples measuring 1cm (L) X 0.5cm (B) were taken from the centre of the sole. Tissue was preserved in 10% formaldehyde for 48 hours and further histological techniques were followed. Results: In females thickness of the epidermis (Edp) of were observed (866.07±22.20µm), the thickness of stratum corneum (470.43±21.68µm), layers of stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum were 3, number of rete pegs (11.41±1.01), depth of rete pegs (62.89±5.96µm), the thickness of the papillary dermis and reticular dermis were(182.23±14.60µm) and (871.20±16.93µm) respectively. Whereas In males thickness of the epidermis(Edp) were observed (562.10±24.91µm), the thickness of stratum corneum was (484.36±49.21µm), layers of stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum were 3 and 1 respectively, the number of rete pegs 10.81±1.92, depth of rete pegs (103.04±18.95µm), thicknesses of the papillary dermis and reticular dermis was (100.10±21.68µm) and (829.76±186.50µm) respectively. Conclusion: Females showed thicker epidermis as well as dermis in comparison to males. Females had more number rete pegs but these are shallower than males. EnglishSole, Epidermis, Stratum corneum, Rete pegs, Thickness, Dermishttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4276http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4276

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareLiquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method Development and Its Validation for the Estimation of Favipiravir and Remdesivir in the Rat Plasma English6774K. SanthakumariEnglish K. Prasada RaoEnglish S. MohanEnglishIntroduction: Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is an exceedingly sensitive and specific analytical technique that can precisely determine the identities and concentration of compounds within our sample. Objective: A selective, sensitive, and rapid bio-analytical technique has been developed and it is validated by using Liquid chromatography – Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) process for the estimation of favipiravir and Remdesivir in rat plasma Methods: An isocratic mode using the analytical column of waters symmetry C18 150 mm x 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm, and the mobile phase acetonitrile and buffer in the ratio of 30+70. The method was validated with a linearity range of 2-40 ng/mL of both favipiravir and Remdesivir. The % CV values of intraday, interlay precision and accuracy were found to be within the acceptance criteria. The % recovery of favipiravir was 96.5% and Remdesivir was 99.6% respectively Results: The validation of the method has been done successfully in parameters like accuracy, linearity, recovery, stability and pharmacokinetic studies in rat plasma using LCMS/MS. Stability of the selected drugs present in all conditions like benchtop, wet extract, autosampler stability, and freeze-thaw. Conclusion: This technique gives better results of precision, accuracy, recovery, precision, pharmacokinetic studies, and stability in the rat plasma. The proposed technique was validated as per the guidelines set by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). EnglishFavipiravir, HPLC, LC-MS, Remdesivir, Validation, Stabilityhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4277http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4277

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareGuillain Barre Syndrome: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment English7580Krupa Merin SamEnglish Remya ReghuEnglishEnglishPolyradiculoneuropathy, Covid-19, Immunotherapy, Campylobacter jejuni, Plasma exchange, Fatiguehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4278http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4278

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareA Study of the Association between Learning Strategies and Academic Performance in Physiotherapy Students English8189Manasi N. DesaiEnglish Unnati PanditEnglish Amruta NerurkarEnglish Chhaya VermaEnglishIntroduction: Learning strategies consist of a student’s implicit and explicit actions, beliefs and habits that influence how they comprehend and learn. The current study intended to assess this parameter in physiotherapy students and to explore whether an association exists between learning strategies and academic performance. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was carried out over a period of 6 months in five Physiotherapy colleges. 343 students participated after giving informed consent. The learning strategies section of the Motivational Strategies of Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was used to assess learning strategies. Overall percentage score in the previous year’s final University exam was considered as a measure of academic performance. A correlation matrix was used to investigate the relationship between the two parameters, and a multivariate regression analysis was carried out to create a model to predict academic performance based on their learning strategies. Data were entered in MsExcel (© Microsoft, USA) and converted to Stata Version 15.1 © StataCorp, College Station for analysis. Results: Physiotherapy students reported lowest mean scores on critical thinking (mean=3.78+1.13), metacognitive self-regulation (mean=3.76+1.01) and effort regulation (mean=3.76+ 0.99) and moderate scores on time/study environmental management (mean=4.10+ 0.80). Conclusion: Essential learning strategies such as critical thinking and metacognitive self-regulation, as well as resource management strategies such as effort regulation and time management, were deficient in physiotherapy students. A curriculum that emphasizes and teaches learning strategies along with professional skills seems to be the need of the hour of physiotherapy students. EnglishLearning, Physiotherapy, Time management, Academic success, Metacognition, Critical thinkinghttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4279http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4279

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareDeterminants of Sex of Rearing in Late Presenters of 5 Alpha-reductase Deficiency in Developing Society English9093Jain ManishEnglish Jain AlpanaEnglishIntroduction: 5 alpha-reductase deficiency is a condition that affects male sexual development before birth and during puberty. Although testosterone is considered a predominant male sex hormone, not all tissues are responsive to testosterone. The 5 alpha-RD2 enzyme converts testosterone into a more potent form of the male sex hormone called dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Aims and Objective: To propound various factors and their relative importance in guiding the determination of sex of rearing in late presenters of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency in developing society. Methods: Seven patients of proven 5 alpha-reductase deficiency were prospectively involved in this study between 2011 and 2020. All patients had been raised as females and presented with the ambiguity of genitalia at a later age which is not so uncommon in a developing society due to various factors. Diagnosis of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency was confirmed after various standard tests. Based on male genotype, size of the phallus, response to dihydrotestosterone cream application, socioeconomic factors and wishes of parents and children, sex of further rearing was advised. Repeated elaborate sessions of counselling were an integral and vital part of these decisions. Results: In view of clinical and laboratory facts, results of medical and surgical interventions, social milieu of the society and personal choice of patients and their family, comprehensive counselling was done and six out of seven patients were advised, and accepted, change of sex of rearing to male and accordingly necessary interventions were done. One patient opted and continued to be reared as female. Quality of life, acceptability in society and most importantly, ability to make a living on its own, were followed, studied and analysed. Conclusion: Clinical facts, social realities, employment avenues, social stigma, infertility and many other factors suggest that, in a developing society, it is strongly advisable to consider the change of sex of rearing to male in all late presenters of 5 alpha-reductase deficiency. English 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, late presenters, sex of rearing, developing society, Surgical interventions, Quality of lifehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4280http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4280

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareGreen Synthesis and Characterization of Antibiotic Amorphous Nano Silicon Oxide Powder Extracted from Rice Husk Ash English9499Marwa AliEnglish Abbas A-Ali DreaEnglishIntroduction: Green synthesis of nano silicon oxide powder has been done using rice husk as raw material, which contains more than 91% of silica oxide and other mineral compositions. Aim: To synthesise pure nano-silica oxide powder and utilize pure silica oxide for the production of wound dressings work as an antibiotic. Materials and Method: Rice husks were burned for three hours in a Muffle furnace at 700°C, then treated with sodium hydroxide solution using a magnetic stirrer at 100°C for four hours to extract the silica present in the ash to generate sodium silicate (Na2SiO3 ). The pure silica powder is obtained by the titration method with 5N solution of sulfuric acid purification of nano-silica powder is employed through the refluxing method. Results: X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and FT-IR techniques were used to characterize nano-silica powder. According to Bragg’s equation of X-ray diffraction, nano silicon oxide crystals have orthorhombic amorphous forms with average crystal sizes of 33. 406, 53.135, and 10. 10.362 nm. FE-SEM show the partial size in nano size. FT-IR technic shows that the absorbance band at 1072.46 cm-1 refers to asymmetric vibration Si-O-Si (siloxane group), 808.20 cm-1 refers to Si-O-Si bond symmetric vibration. Conclusion: The formation of pure nano Silica oxide from rice husk ash, has been demonstrated to exhibit antibacterial efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), with a concentration of 62.5 µg/ml as well as utilizing pure silica oxide for the production of wound dressings work as an antibiotic. EnglishAntibiotic, Nanoparticles, Rice husk, Green synthesis, Wound dressings and silicon oxidehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4281http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4281

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareProtocols for Clinical Dental Care During Covid-19 Pandemic - Need of the Hour: A Retrospective Study English100104Moses JEnglish Soumya SVEnglishIntroduction: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as a community health crisis and is spreading exponentially across the globe. Usually, there is a high risk of cross-infection between dentist/dental team and patient in a dental office set up. In this article, we recommend a revised policy of infection control in the dental office setting during this COVID – 19 pandemic. Aim: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging, especially in health care. As a dentist, we face several challenges such as protecting ourselves and our patients from cross-transmission of infection and at the same time we have to ensure that the patients continue to have access to dental care. Method: The documents of twenty dental staff including seven dentists, eight dental assistants, four nurses and one office staff who continued to work during the COVID-19 pandemic were selected for this retrospective study. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated amongst this twenty dental staff how many individuals developed symptoms of SARS COV-2, how many individuals were tested and amongst the tested individuals how many were tested positive and negative. Results: Among twenty dental staff, only seven staff were tested for SARS COV-2. Dental staff who developed any symptoms of COVID-19 or came in contact with confirmed COVID-19 patients were only tested for SARS COV-2. Among the seven dental staff who tested for SARS COV-2 were three dentists, two dental assistants, one dental nurse and one office staff. Amongst the three dentists only one turned to be positive, between the two dental assistants one turned to be positive and one dental nurse turned positive. So among the seven staff who were tested only three turned to be positive. Totally among the twenty dental staff, only three staff tested positive for COVID-19. Conclusion: Following the above-mentioned protocol proved to be effective in keeping the dental care workers safe and infection prevention in dental clinical areas. Since the protocols and guideline mentioned here seems to be effective the dental practitioners can revise their infection control protocol as the knowledge and information about SARS CoV-2 are evolving and maintain high standards of infection control. English COVID-19, Infection control, Dental carehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4282http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4282

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareKnowledge on Lifestyle Modification among Postmenopausal Women English105110Mrudula DalviEnglish Rutuja PatilEnglish T. Poovishnu DeviEnglishIntroduction: Postmenopausal women are those women who have stopped menstrual bleeding one year ago physiologically or as a result of medical or surgical interventions. Postmenopausal women undergo various hormonal, physiological and physical changes. These hormonal changes lead to the development of distressing symptoms including hot flushes, joint pain, sleep disturbances, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, etc. The majority of women in India attain menopause with limited knowledge and coping strategies to deal with menopausal symptoms. Lifestyle modification is an easy way to cope up with these menopausal symptoms which involve altering the long term habits, mainly diet, physical activity, etc and maintaining a new behaviour for months or years. Adequate knowledge of lifestyle modification in postmenopausal women can lead to early prevention of menopausal symptoms and complications. Method: This study was conducted in Karad among 94 postmenopausal women belonging to the age group of 45 to 65 years. The participants were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and a self-administered questionnaire was distributed among them and correct responses were calculated according to 5 points Likert scale. Result: The study evaluated that out of 94 participants 13% (12) had good knowledge, 66% (62) had average and 21% (20) had poor knowledge regarding lifestyle modification in the postmenopausal period. Conclusion: This study concluded that most of the postmenopausal women had average knowledge and very few had good knowledge of necessary lifestyle changes to be done after menop EnglishKnowledge, Lifestyle, Modification, Postmenopausal women, Symptoms, Physical activityhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4283http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4283

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13Healthcare“Comparative Evaluation of the Relationship between the Intermedial Canthus Width on the Face and the Width of the Maxillary Central Incisor in Males and Females in The Local Population” English111115Thatte Shruti GirishEnglish Jagtap AmitEnglishIntroduction: One of the most important phases in the fabrication of the complete denture is the selection of the maxillary central incisors because they are most visible when viewed frontally. Anthropometric measurements on the face can be used as a guide in selecting proper sized anterior teeth. The relationship between the intermedial canthus width (MCW) and the width of the two maxillary central incisors has been reported to be in the golden proportion given by Levin in 1978. The formula used was CW = (MCW×0.618)/2 where CW is the width of the maxillary central incisor. Materials and Method: In this study, the following anthropometric measurements were performed using a digital vernier caliper: CW which is the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor and MCW which is the distance between the right and left medial canthus. The differences and variables were studied by sex and the differences in the expected mesiodistal width of the central incisor by (MCW×0.618)/2 with the real value were evaluated. The values were evaluated using the one way ANOVA test with Post Hoc ANOVA test & unpaired t-test. Results: There was a significant correlation between the width of the central incisor (CW) and the calculated width of the central incisor (CW2) in males in the local population where the P-value is 0.047. There was no significant correlation between the width of the central incisor (CW) and the calculated width of the central incisor (CW2) in females where the P-value is 0.062. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn – There was a significant correlation found between intermedial canthal width with maxillary central incisor in males in the local population. Inter medial canthal width, when multiplied by a decreasing function value of geometric progression term 0.618 and divided by 2, was a reliable predictor of maxillary central incisor width in males in the local population. EnglishAnthropometric measurements, Central incisor width, Digital vernier calliper, Golden proportion, Intermedial canthus width, The medial palpebral fissurehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4284http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4284

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareThe Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup English116119Amol SanapEnglish Swapnil M ShendgeEnglish Siddharth ShahEnglish Ajinkya JadhavEnglish Nitin GhuleEnglishIntroduction: Unstable intertrochanteric fractures or comminuted intertrochanteric fractures not only pose a greater dilemma in the modality of treatment but also the prognosis. Increased incidence of osteoporosis in this age group, only further complicates fracture management and to that end the outcome. Overemphasis cannot be made on the need for immediate mobilization to avoid serious complications. There are multiple treatment options but only a few have the ability of immediate mobilization of the patient. Aims: To study the benefits of coxofemoral bypass using cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture of the femur for early mobilization and reduction in morbidity in the elderly population. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of orthopaedics at Rural Medical College.56 cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated by coxofemoral bypass using a cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty were selected for the study. The patient undergoing this procedure from1/05/2015 to 31/04/2020 were selected for the present study. Results: Final results were calculated using Harris-Hip Score. Out of 56 cases, 46.4% of cases had excellentand 35.7% and 8.9 % of patients had good and fair results respectively. Conclusion: Coxofemoral bypass using cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty is a good treatment option for elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures showing significant reduction in morbidity and improvement in the early mobilization of patients. Coxofemoral bypass using cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur has an added advantage of stable adequate fixation with early return of activities of daily living thereby reducing patient morbidity and long-standing complications of immobility. EnglishCoxofemoralbypass, Femur, Harris-Hip score, Hemiarthroplasty, Intertrochanteric fractures, Unstablehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4285http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4285

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareAssessment of Risk Factors and Drug Therapy in Patients with Uterine Fibroids in a Tertiary Care Hospital English120125Padhilahouse SruthiEnglish Raveendranath ArchanaEnglish Sellappan MohanEnglish Solomon PreethaEnglish Priya MaryEnglishIntroduction: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumours, affecting most women of childbearing age. Fibroids have brought a huge public health burden to women and also brought economic losses to society. We assessed the assessment and risk factors associated with the development of female fibroids Aim: To assess the risk factors and drug therapy in patients with uterine fibroids Methodology: We assessed the patient details from January 2020- July 2020 who were admitted to the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN) for our study. The data collected were symptoms, menstrual history and present menstrual status, past medical and medication history, obstetric history and present. Results: Data from 65 patients who were presented to the department of obstetrics and gynaecology with uterine fibroids. The mean age was 43±7.101 years. Most women presented were with dysmenorrhea (48%) and increased Abdominal pain (86%). Anaemia (77%) was found to be a predominant comorbid condition due to the increased menstrual bleeding and passage of clots (45%). The majority of the patients present with multiple myomas and intramural (45%) and anterior position is the most common. Surgical procedures of Hysterectomy were undergone in 95%of women. Conclusions: We observed that the significant risk factors for uterine fibroid were the age factor as most women were between 30-50 years. Menstrual history of the passage of clots and dysmenorrhea were also linked. Surgical management was used in most of the patients. English Uterine Fibroids, Age, Risk Factors, Dysmenorrhea, Menorrhagia, Parity, Infertilityhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4286http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4286

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareAssociation of Vitamin D Status with Cardiovascular Risk in Prediabetes English126131Vidya BhaktaEnglish Said KhaderEnglish Rubeena QuadriEnglishIntroduction: Vitamin D (VD) has a key role in several metabolic processes and its deficiency may have adverse health implications. The study focuses on prediabetic patients and the impact of VD status on their cardiovascular health. Aims: To determine the association between VD status and cardiovascular risk in prediabetic patients. Methods: The study included retrospectively collected data on 270 prediabetic patients and 299 normoglycemic subjects. Prediabetes was diagnosed by HbA1c as 5.7- 6.4%. Increased cardiovascular risk was assessed based on the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) more than 0.1. Lipid parameters and AIP were compared between two groups by t-test and chi-square and separately by ANOVA under VD categories; Sufficient (>75 nmol/L), Insufficient (50-75 nmol/L) and Deficient ( 0.1). Results: VD deficiency was more prevalent in prediabetic subjects (56.9%; 57.9 + 20.8 nmol/L; pEnglishPrediabetes, Vitamin D, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Cardiovascular disease, Dyslipidemiahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4287http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4287

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411324EnglishN2021December13HealthcareNomophobic Rate and Social Media Usage of Higher Secondary Students English132138Jijish EliasEnglish M MirunaliniEnglish Issac PaulEnglishEnglish Higher secondary students, Nomophobia, Nomophobic rate, Social media, Social media usage, Smartphone addictionhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4288http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4288