Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareEvaluation of the Efficacy of Injection Platelet-(Rich fibrin (I-PRF) in Accelerate Alignment and Levelling in an Adult Sample English0107Ali RokiaEnglish Hazem HassanEnglish Fadi KalilEnglishIntroduction: The long duration of orthodontic treatment is one of the factors that reduce the desire of patients to undergo orthodontic treatment. Many methods have been devised to accelerate the orthodontic movement, but they are not without their negative effects. The injection of platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) is one of the modern methods, whose role is still unknown in accelerating dental movement and reduction in the duration of orthodontic treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of injection I- PRF to accelerate alignment and levelling of the upper anterior teeth and reduce the time required for treatment. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 16 patients (10 females, 6 males)in need of orthodontic treatment and who have crowding at the level of the upper anterior teeth. Patients were divided into two 2 groups: the experimental group would be injected with platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) and a control group for which only brackets would be applied. The treatment progress was evaluated at 3-time stages, and the studied variables were the rate of improvement in alignment and levelling and the time taken to complete the treatment. Results: The results of the study showed that platelet-rich fibrin injection I-PRF was ineffective in accelerating the alignment and the levelling process (P>0.05) as well as in reducing the time required for treatment (P >0.05). Conclusion: Injection platelet-rich fibrin I-PRF is ineffective in accelerating orthodontic movement. EnglishAccelerate, Alignment and levelling, Injection Platelet-Rich Fibrin, Orthodontic Treatment, Dental Movement, Durationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4241http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4241

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareAnalysis of Various Automated Reticulocyte Parameters in Oncology Patients English0812Hemangi JoshiEnglish Biren ParikhEnglishEnglishAutomated reticulocyte count, Anaemia, Oncology patientshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4242http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4242

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareA Single Case Study on COVID-19 with Ayurvedic Management English1318Ghosh RajdeepEnglish Sarkar JoyEnglish Ghosh DebasishEnglishIntroduction: We are presenting a case of severe Covid-19 disease with several comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Rheumatoid arthritis, Chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder (COPD). Here is showing the day-to-day stepwise treatment of that patient till the recovery. Aims: The primary aim of this study is to create an ayurvedic medicine protocol for the treatment of Covid-19 and simultaneously, to document the effects of Ayurvedic medications in the treatment and prevention of COVID-9 and. Case Report: This is the case of a 45-year-old woman from Kolkata, India, with symptoms of sore throat, body ache, fever, cough, breathing difficulty, loss of taste and smell. She had a history of COPD, Type 2 DM, RA and surgical history of hysterectomy a few years back. The treatment was started before the report was come as covid positive according to her presenting symptoms. After 21 days of her treatment, she became covid negative. Discussion: This is a case study, based on the management of COVID-19 daily. The role of Ayurvedic herbal and herbal-mineral drugs in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 has been well established in this study. Conclusion: The management of the patient of Covid-19 through Ayurveda is categorically analyzed and mentioned here and also step by step of her improvements are also present here. Some compound herbomineral medicines and pure herbal medicines are used in this treatment according to the Ayurvedic text Charak and Susruta Samhita. The active molecules of herbs used in the treatment are also verified with their action on Covid -19. This case study of covid 19 will promote further research and help to make an ayurvedic treatment protocol on Covid 19. EnglishAbhyantararogamarga, Aswagandha, Ayurveda, Ayushkwath, COVID-19, Guduchi, Mahasudarshanvatihttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4243http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4243

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareRadiological Assessment of Proximal Femur Geometry using Picture Archiving and Communication System English1925Govindhasamy ParameshEnglish Vanga RajithaEnglish Burute PushpaEnglish Kaleekal Radhamani SindhuEnglish Govindhasamy RekhaEnglishIntroduction: Proximal Femoral Geometry is subjected to a wide range of ethnic variations. Various research article indicates that the geometry of the proximal femur in the Indian population considerably differ from the European and American standard. Proximal femur morphometry parameters are vital to design and develop arthroplasty components. Currently, arthroplasty components widely used are based on western standards. Improper size of hip joint arthroplasty may result in joint congruence, micromotion, osteoarthritis and tendinopathy. The present study comprehensively analyzes the proximal femur anthropometry in the South Indian population and comparison with other ethnic groups. Aims: To determine the proximal femur geometry using radiographs and to analyze the proximal femoral geometrical variation between the south Indian population and various ethnics. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted in 388 non - pathological hip joint X-rays collected from the Southern Indian population. The primary objective of the study is to measure proximal femoral geometry and compare the difference with various ethnic groups. Measurements like femoral head diameter, Neck width, Neck shaft angle, Femoral offset and Medullary canal diameter are calculated using Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS). Result: In the present study, the proximal femur anthropometry of the South Indian population differs from the Western population. In some parameters, the present study also differs from the North Indian population Neck shaft angle in the present study is smaller than the western as well as in the South African population. Conclusion: The present study of the proximal femur in the south Indian population considerably differs from the dimensions of the Western ethnic population. The study may aid in the development of proximal femoral arthroplasty components suitable for the Indian population. English Proximal Femur, Femoral head diameter, Anthropometry of Femur, Neck shaft angle, Radiology, Hip joint, Morphometric analysishttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4244http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4244

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareA Cross Sectional Study on Violence Against Doctors and Associated Risk Factors in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh English3236Agrawal RKEnglish Noor SofiaEnglishIntroduction: A divine status was endowed upon doctors of our country since time immemorial, be it urban or rural setting. Of late violence against medical practitioners is increasing worldwide and more so in developing countries like India. This violence may comprise of verbal abuse, threats, vandalism, physical assault as well as loss of life. So there is an urgent need to evaluate the risk factors involved in violence against doctors to overcome this problem in time. Aim & Objective: The aim & objective is to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with violence against doctors. Materials & Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire from July to September 2019. Both government and private doctors were included in the study who have been into practice for more than 1 year in the Raigarh district of Chhattisgarh. Detailed data were collected regarding violence and its associated risk factors and their suggestions were taken on how to prevent violence against doctors. A total of 420 doctors were included in the study and Data analysis was conducted using Excel and SPSS software. Results and Conclusion: Violence against doctors were found to be very high among government as well as private practitioners. The major risk factors were Patient dissatisfaction with services, Unrestricted public access to the hospital, Lack of security and less manpower with long and erratic working hours. Medical professionals who faced violence have been known to develop depression, insomnia, fear and anxiety leading to absenteeism which is a major problem for the community. EnglishCross-sectional study, Doctors, Prevalence, Risk factors, Violencehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4245http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4245

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareA Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section English2631Manoj K PEnglish Pratibha S DEnglish Shivanand L KEnglish Talikoti D GEnglishIntroduction: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block as a regional technique that appeared in anaesthesia literature in 2001, is applied as a segment of multimodal pain regimen in abdominal surgeries like caesarean sections. Ultrasonography (USG)- guided TAP Block provides accurate visualization of underlying structures. Our study aimed to compare the efficacy of ultrasound-guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block using 0.25% bupivacaine versus parenteral multimodal analgesia in postoperative caesarean section. Aims: To study • Reduction of the additional Rescue analgesia 24 hours following caesarean section. • Duration of analgesia, patient satisfaction, adverse effects like- PONV and sedation. Methods: A total of 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II and III, aged > 18yrs were posted for elective caesarean section were allocated into two groups (n=30). Group, I received a Bilateral TAP Block with 15ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine on each side. Group II received multimodal analgesia according to the Obstetric department protocol. The intensity of pain by Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS) Score was assessed, mean duration of analgesia and mean dose of rescue analgesia were recorded. Results: The Visual Analogue Scale scores at 8, 12 and 24 hours in Group I were 1.1±1.47, 0.93±1.31 and 0.3±0.75 and in group II were 3.67±1.06, 4.73±0.94 and 5.27±0.78, respectively. The mean time to first rescue analgesia was statistically significant in Group I 535.27 ± 118.542 compared to Group II 186.6 ± 67.6 min. The mean dose of rescue analgesia required over 24 hours was significantly lower in group I with 17.2±10.4mg, whereas in group II 28.9±24.2 mg. Conclusion: We conclude TAP block is more effective when performed under ultrasound guidance. It provides effective analgesia with reduced rescue analgesic requirement for 24 hours following surgery, with a prolonged duration of analgesia EnglishDr. Pratibha S D, H No-13 behind KHB Colony Sadashiv Nagar Sholapur road Vijayapur, Karnataka, India.http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4246http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4246

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareDeveloping a Questionnaire to Determine Risk Factors Associated with Fear of Falls English3743Dhavale SampadaEnglish Singh SoniaEnglish Parasher Raju KEnglishBackground: Fear of Falls (FOF) in the elderly reduces physical activity and predisposes them to falls, disability, and premature death. The prevention and management of FOF are important to improve function and the quality of life of the older individual. This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to determine the factors associated with FOF in community-living senior citizens. Method: Items in the questionnaire were obtained from the literature and from interviewing the elderly and physiotherapists who work with them. Content validity of the questionnaire was established by Lawshe’s method using a Delphi process with five gerontology and survey research experts. The internal consistency was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. Result: Content Validity Index and Cronbach’s alpha were found to be 0.80 and 0.85 respectively. Conclusion: This questionnaire is a valid tool with good internal consistency. It can be used to determine factors associated with FOF in the elderly English Fear of Falls, Elderly, Falls, Ageing, Risk factors, Questionnairehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4247http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4247

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1Healthcare Finger Print, Lip Print and Palatal Print as Genetic Markers in the Inheritance of Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate among Bengali Ethnic Group - A Case-control Study English4452Bera Gopal ChandraEnglish Zahir ShabnamEnglish Bar ShyamalEnglish Saha RajibEnglish Datta PiyaliEnglish Jha ManishEnglishEnglishCleft lip and palate, Ectodermal marker, Fingerprint, lip print, Palatal print, Transmission, Cheiloscopy Introduction Non-syndromic orofacial clefting is a polygenic, multifactorial disorder. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its aetiology.1According to WHO (2001)every 2 minutes a child is born with a cleft somewhere in the world.2In the state of Andhra Pradesh, South India the birth rate of babies with clefts was found to be 1.09 for every 1000 live births.3Children with Cleft lip and palates may be associated with a feeding problem, social stigma, disfigurement, dental malformations, dental caries, speech problems, infections of the middle ear and long term psychological and economical stress for the patient and the family. Thus WHO has included CL & CP in their Global Burden of Disease (GBD) initiatives as it can cause significant infant mortality and childhood morbidity.4 So the ultimate scientific and humanitarian objective must be primary prevention of all craniofacial abnormalities including CL & CP. One of the attempts can be the identification of genetically susceptible parents for having children with cleft lip and palate through the parent’s ectodermal markers such as Finger Print, Lip Print and Palatal Print. Dermatoglyphics (Finger Print) is a collective term for all the integumentary features, inclusive of the dermal ridge and thick configurational arrangements on the digits, palms and soles excluding flexion creases and other secondary folds. They develop between the 13th to 19th weeks of prenatal life .5Excessive asymmetry between the Dermatoglyphics patterns of the left and right hands may signify relatively unstable genetic control during embryogenesis.6,7 Cheiloscopy(Lip Prints)are also another skin impression, which may be useful in the identification and diagnosis of congenital diseases and anomalies.8,9 L. H. Adamu(2013)concluded that the relationship of Finger Prints and Lip Prints can hold potential promise as a supplementary tool in personal identification as well as genetic markers in many congenital and clinical disorders.10 Rugoscopy (Palatal Print) is the study of palatal rugae which refers to the ridges on the anterior part of the palatal mucosa, each side of the median palatal raphae and behind the incisive papilla. They are being used for forensic personal identification.11,12 Objective- To record, analyse and compare different patterns of three ectodermal markers namely Finger Print, Lip Print and Palatal Print of healthy parents of children with (study group) or without(control group) non-syndromic CL & CP among Bengaliethnic group of West Bengal, India. To identify if any specific pattern of ectodermal markers of the parent can be considered as a genetic marker in the transmission of CL & CPto their offsprings, thereby helping in primary prevention of CL& CP. To determine the dominant pattern of fingerprint, lip print and palatal print among the control group that is healthy parents with Bengali ethnicity, with healthy children. Study design and Methodology- The present observational, case-control study was performed with 66study subjects, Group A( parents of children with non-syndromic CL &/ CP, 33father and 33 mothers) and 66 control subjects, Group B (parents of children without CL &/ CP, 33father and 33mother). The study and control subjects were selected from the Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery of a medical college and the Department of Paediatric Dentistry of a Dental college respectively, of Kolkata, West Bengal, India according to their inclusive and exclusive factors (Table 1). Ethical clearance& Informed Written consent were obtained. Method of recording and analysing fingerprint pattern Fingerprints were taken using the ink and paper method(Fig- 1a). Each finger of both right and left hand was gently rolled over the ink spread over the glass slab and then placed from left to right on a plain white paper (Royal executive bond) to record the pattern. The finger imprints were labelled by sides of the hand, they belong to (right or left) and each digit was identified by using roman numerals (thumb = I, index finger II, middle finger III, ring finger IV, and little finger = V). The paper with fingerprints was allowed to dry, serially coded and stored in a box with each paper being separated by an OHP sheet. Fingerprints were analysed into three groups namely arches (Fig- 1b), loops (Fig- 1c) and whorls (Fig- 1d) following classification by Sir Francis Galton (1892).13Asymmetric score was calculated between corresponding fingers of the right and left hand. The score “0” was assigned if the patterns matched between the fingers and a score of “1” was given if the pattern was not similar. For each sample dissimilarity score range from “0” (when all five pairs of digits had identical patterns) to “5” (when five pairs had different patterns).14 Method of recording and analyzing lip print: The lip prints were recorded by direct photography under natural lighting using a D-SLR camera and colour film, photocopy of lip print was obtained, serially coded and stored in a box. The lip prints were classified into six types (Type I-VI ) (Fig-2a) following Suzuki and Tsuchihashi's (1970) classification.15 Frequency of each pattern was recorded from “6” topographic areas (Fig-2b) assigned on both upper and lower lips as described by Hassan and Fahmy.16 Method of recording and analysing palatal-rugae pattern: The impression technique was used for recording palatal print. Palatal rugae pattern were marked on the casts using normal sharp graphite black colour pencil and the shape of rugae on casts were analysed using the classification given by Thomas and Kotze classification 17(straight, wavy, diverging, converging, curved, circular ) (Fig-3 ). Statistical analysis: All the data was recorded and tabulated. Chi-square test and t-test were done with the help of SPSS software (version 16.0) and the level of significance was set at PEnglishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4248http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4248 1. Dixon MJ, Marazita ML, Beaty TH, Murray JC. Cleft lip and palate: understanding genetic and environmental influences. Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Mar;12(3):167-78. 2. Global strategies to reduce the health care burden of craniofacial anomalies: report of WHO meetings on international collaborative research on craniofacial anomalies. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2004 May;41(3):238-43 3. Reddy SG, Reddy RR, Bronkhorst EM, Prasad R, Ettema AM, Sailer HF, Bergé SJ et al. Incidence of cleft lip and palate in the state of Andhra Pradesh, South India. Indian J Plast Surg. 2010 Jul;43(2):184-9. 4. Mossey P, Little J. Addressing the challenges of cleft lip and palate research in India. Indian J Plast Surg. 2009 Oct; 42Suppl (Suppl) 5. Cummins H, Midlo C. Palmar and plantar epidermal ridge configuration (Dermatoglyphics) in Europeans - Americans. Am J Phy Anthrop.1926;9(4):471-502 6. Woolf CM, Gianas AD. A study of fluctuating dermatoglyphic asymmetry in the sibs and parents of cleft lip propositi.Am J Hum Genet. 1977 Sep;29(5):503-7 7. Neiswanger K, Cooper ME, Weinberg SM, Flodman P, BundensKeglovits A, Liu Y, Hu D?N, Melnick M, Spence MA, Marazita ML et al. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate and dermatoglyphics asymmetry: evaluation of Chinese population. OrthodCraniofac Res. 2002 ; 5 (3) : 140- 146. 8. Synder LM. Personal identification using lip prints. Quoted from Suzuki K and Tsuchihashi Y. J Forensic Med 1970;7:52. 9. Gondivkar SM, Indurkar A, Degwekar S, Bhowate R. Cheiloscopy for sex determination. J Forensic Dent Sci . 2009;1:56-60 10. Adamu LH, Taura M G, Hamman W O, Ojo S A, Dahiru A U, Sadeeq A A, Umar KB et al. Relationship of thumbprints and lip prints among Nigerians. J Med Dent Sci.2013; 9(2) :12-17 11. Alshihri AM, Kruger E, Tennant M. Western Saudi adolescent age estimation utilizing third molar development. Eur J Dent 2014;8:296-301 12. Manjunath S, Bakkannavar SM, Pradeep Kumar G, Bhat VJ, Prabhu N, Kamath A, et al. Palatal rugae patterns among the Indians at Manipal, India. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2012;20:1-5. 13. Galton F.( 1892).Fingerprint.Macmillan, London;78 14. Shadrina E, Vol’pert Y. Functional asymmetry and fingerprint features of left-handed and right-handed young Yakuts (Mongoloid race, North-Eastern Siberia). Symmetry2018; 10:728. 15. Jaishankar S, Jaishankar N, Shanmugam S. Lip prints in personal identification. J Indian Acad Dent Spec 2010; 1:23-6. 16. Hassan FZ, Fahmy SM. The pattern of lip prints in upper Egyptian. Assiut Medical J 1977; 1(4) : 477- 486 17. Thomas CJ, KotzeTW, Van Der Merwe CA.An improved statistical method for the racial classification of man employing palatal rugae.Archives of Oral Biology.1987;32(4):315-317 18. Mathew L, Hegde A M, Raik: Dermatoglyphic peculiarities in children with oral cleft .J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent 2005; 23(4):179-182. 19. Arosarena OA. Cleft lip and palate.OtolaryngolClin North Am. 2007 Feb; 40(1):27-60 20. Phinney JS, Ong A.Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counselling Psychology.2007;54:271-281 21. Jugessur A, Farlie PG, Kilpatrick N. The genetics of isolated orofacial clefts: from genotypes to subphenotypes. Oral Dis. 2009 Oct;15(7):437-53 22. Hadadi AI, Wahhabi DA, Amtrak N, Aljahdali N, Meshal OA, Badri M. Congenital anomalies associated with syndromic and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate.JPRAS Open.2017;14:5-15 23. FBI. Recording Legible Fingerprints; cited on 22.9.20: Retrieved from 24. Dinesh Shankar J, Ganapathi N, Yoithapprabhunath TR, Maheswaran T, Kumar MS, Aravindhan R. Lip prints: Role in forensic odontology. J Pharm Bio allied Sci. 2013; 5(Suppl 1) 25. Bansode SC, Kulkarni MM. Importance of palatal rugae in individual identification. J Forensic Dent Sci [serial online] 2009;1:77-81. 26. Admala NR, Arjun S, Adusumili G, Thirumala JR, Devanna R, Pichai S. Dermatoglyphics and Cheiloscopy in the inheritance of cleft lip and palate: Unravelling the mystery. J Indian Orthod Soc. 2014; 48:175-9. 27. Saujanya K, Prasad MG, Sushma B, Kumar JR, Reddy YS, Niranjani K. Cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics as genetic markers in the transmission of cleft lip and palate: A case-control study. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent. 2016 Jan-Mar;34(1):48-54. 28. Zakharov VM, Zhdanova NP, Kirik EF, Shakil FN. Ontogenesis and population: Evaluation of developmental stability in natural populations. Russ J Dev Biol. 2001;32:336–351 29. Leary RF, Allendorf FW. Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of stress: Implications for conservation biology. Trends Ecol Evol. 1989 Jul;4(7):214-7. 30. Parsons PA. Fluctuating asymmetry: an epigenetic measure of stress. Biol Rev CambPhilos Soc. 1990 May;65(2):131-45 31. Parsons PA. Fluctuating asymmetry: a biological monitor of environmental and genomic stress. Heredity (Edinb). 1992 Apr;68 ( Pt 4):361-4. 32. Swofford H J.Fingerprint patterns: A study on the finger and ethnicity prioritized order of occurrence.J. Forensic Identif.2005; 55 (4):480-488 33. Baryah N, Krishan K. Exploration of digital dermatoglyphics of two ethnicities of North India- forensic and anthropological aspects.Forensic Science International: Reports.2020;2:100055 34. Ojigho E J J, Odokuma I E, &Igbigbi P S. Comparative study of fingerprint patterns of two ethnic groups: A Nigerian study. J College of Med Sci Nepal. 2019;15(4):270-275 35. SaadWM, Kamel AH, Hassan FZ, Elotiefy MA. Genetic studies on the inheritance of lip prints in-cleft lip and palate. Egypt J PlastReconstr Surg. 2005; 29:9-12 36. Vahanwala SP, Parekh BK. Study of lip prints as an aid to forensic methodology. J Indian Dent Assoc. 2000;71:268–71. 37. Tsuchihashi Y. Studies on personal identification using lip prints. Forensic Sci. 1974; 3: 233-48 38. Sivapathasundaram B, Prakash PA, SivakumarG.Lip prints(rhinoscopy). Indian J Dent Res.2001;12:234–7. 39. Varghese A J, Somesekar M, Babu UR. A study on lip prints types among the people of Kerala. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. 2010;32:6–7. 40. Abdellatif AM, Awad SM, Hammad SM. Comparative study of palatal rugae shapes in two samples of Egyptian and Saudi children. Pediatric Dent J. 2011;21:123–8. 41. Nayak P, Acharya AB, Padmini AT, Kaveri H. Difference in the palatal rugae shape in two populations of India. Arch Oral Biol. 2007; 52:977–82. 42. Kotrashetti VS, Hollikatti K, Mallapur MD, Hallikeremath SR, Kale AD. Determination of palatal rugae patterns among two ethnic populations of India by logistic regression analysis. J Forensic Leg Med.2011;18:360–5. 43. Kumar S, Vezhavendhan N, Shanthi V, Balaji N, Sumathi MK, Vendhan P. Palatal rugoscopy among Puducherry population. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2012; 13:401–4. 44. Kapali S, Townsend G, Richards L, Parish T. Aust. Dent. J. 1997; 42:(2):129-33 45. Reddy LV. Lip prints: An overview in forensic dentistry. J Adv Dent Res 2011; 2:17-20.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareImpact of Female's Height on Waiting Time to the First Conception: A Semi Parametric Approach English6068A. K. TiwariEnglish Brijesh P. SinghEnglish Shivam MishraEnglishBackground: The waiting time to the first conception plays a significant role in the determination of the fertility level of the society. It is not possible to have a direct observation of waiting time, so the waiting time is obtained from birth interval data. It holds an important place in infertility studies because the first birth interval is free from post-partum amenorrhea (PPA) and there is less chance to use any contraception. In past studies, it has been identified that different factors contribute to explaining the length of the first birth interval. Objective: In this paper, an attempt has been done to know the impact of a new factor i.e. female’s height on waiting time to the first conception. Material & Methods: Cox’s proportional hazard model is used for this analysis. The data has been taken from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) of Uttar Pradesh. Results: It has been observed that along with other factors, there is a significant impact of females’ height on waiting time to the first conception. The female has a height of more than 150.0 cm is found significantly 6 percent more likely to get conception earlier than the female having a height less than or equal to 150.0 cm. EnglishWaiting time to conception, First birth interval, Female height, Demographic and socioeconomic factors, NFHS, Cox’s proportional hazardhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4250http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4250

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareAssessment of Core Strength and Stability Among Postmenopausal Women English6975Bhosale SiddhiEnglish Bhosale KomalEnglish S AnandhEnglishObjective: Core strength and stability is an important part of postmenopausal women health. The study aims to assess the strength and stability of the core in postmenopausal women concerning their age of menopause and gravid status using respective special tests. Methods: A total of 96 healthy postmenopausal women were included in the study based upon the age criteria according to the Indian menopausal Society (IMS). The participants were screened healthy using the PARQ questionnaire. Demographic data of the subjects were collected. Following the warm-up, the core strength and stability was assessed using the Isometric Abdominal test, Isometric Extensor test, Side Bridge test. With a rest period of 5 minutes between each test, the tests outcome values were measured. Result: The result was statistically analysed using ANOVA. In the Isometric Abdominal test, the p-value for the age of menopause was English Age of menopause, Core strength, Gravid status, Isometric Abdominal test, Isometric Extensor test, Postmenopause, Side Bridge testhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4251http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4251

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareClinical Usefulness of Lateral Flow Antigen Detection Assay and PCR for Laboratory Diagnosis of Cryptococcal Infections English7679Vidyavathi B ChitharagiEnglish Jhency Anjali SEnglish Sowmya G SEnglish Raghavendra Rao MEnglish Rashmi P MahaleEnglish Ranjitha Shankare GowdaEnglishEnglish Lateral flow assay, Cryptococcus, India ink, CS, Antigen, PCRhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4252http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4252

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1Healthcare Histopathological Study of Endoscopic Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Biopsy English8085Shaikh Imran Y.English Savalia Charmi H.English Gandhi Minesh BEnglish Shah Cherry KEnglish Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal tract disorders are one of the most commonly encountered problems in clinical practice.1Endoscopic procedure is performed for a variety of benign and malignant lesions. The definitive diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract disorders rests on histopathological confirmation and is one of the bases for proper management and treatment. Objective: To determine the spectrum of histopathological lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract. To establish endoscopic biopsy as an effective tool in the proper diagnosis of various upper gastrointestinal tract lesions. Material & Method: A retrospective study of 212 upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies &histopathological assessment was done at the department of pathology, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College and Sheth VS general hospital from Sep 2018- Feb 2020. Results: Of the total 212 cases of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenal biopsies, 66.98%were non-neoplastic lesions and 33.02 were neoplastic lesions. The most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma in the oesophagal biopsy. In stomach biopsy chronic gastritis (37.5%) was the most common lesion. In duodenal biopsy chronic nonspecific duodenitis (75%) was the most common lesion. Conclusion: In our study, the commonest site for upper gastrointestinal tract biopsy was the duodenum (34.38%) with 75% nonneoplastic lesions, followed by oesophagus (33.01%) 31.4% non-neoplastic and 68.57% neoplastic lesions. The least common site for biopsy was the stomach (30.1%).In the stomach, non-neoplastic lesions were more common. EnglishEndoscopy, Biopsy, Histopathology, Upper gastrointestinal tract, Non-neoplastic lesions, Neoplastic lesions INTRODUCTION: Upper gastrointestinal tract disorders are one of the most commonly encountered problems in clinical practice with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic biopsy is a common procedure performed in hospitals for varieties of benign & malignant lesions. Oesophagus and stomach can be sited for a wide variety of infections, inflammatory disorders, vascular diseases, mechanical conditions, toxic and physical reactions including radiation injury and neoplasm. Histopathological study of the biopsy specimen is used to confirm the endoscopic diagnosis in suspected malignancies /to rule out malignancy in the endoscopically appearing benign lesion. Endoscopic biopsies are also used for monitoring the course, to determine the extent of the disease, response to therapy and early detection of complications.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the spectrum of histopathological lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract. To establish endoscopic biopsy as an effective tool in the proper diagnosis of various upper gastrointestinal tract lesions. MATERIAL & METHODS: The present study included 212 endoscopic biopsies of the upper gastrointestinal tract. They were taken from patients who were clinically diagnosed to have upper gastrointestinal tract lesions at the department of gastro medicine at Smt. NHL MMC and Sheth VS general hospital from Sep 2018- Feb 2020. The endoscopic equipment used for endoscopy & biopsy was OLYMPUS CF-H170L/I. Key benefits of this instrument are HDTV image quality, narrow-band imaging (NBI), close focus, variable stiffness, water jet and waterproof connector. The biopsy specimen was put in saline and placed in filter paper with mucosal surface upwards. The filter paper was immersed in 10% formalin for fixation then the tissue was routinely processed and embedded in paraffin. 5 micron thick sections were cut perpendicular to the mucosal surface. 4-5 sections were prepared on each slide. Each section was stained with H&E and studied microscopically and the attempt was made to diagnose the lesion on gross visualization during endoscopy and to correlate them histopathologically. Special stain Giemsa stain was used to look for H. Pylori infection. Alcian blue(at ph 2.5) & PAS stain was used to detect acid mucin in true goblet cells in Barrett’s oesophagus. Results: As cited in table 1 out of a total of 212 GI endoscopic biopsies, 125(58.96%) were from males and 87 (41.03%) were from females with M: F ratio being 1.4:1. Age of patients ranged between 16-72 years with the majority of patients being in the age group between 40-60 years(57.5%) and 2nd most common age group is 20-40 (32.08%)years followed by >60years (8.9%) and 60years (8.9%) and Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4253http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4253 [1] Shah JM, Atit NB, Shah FR, kakadiya SR. interpretation of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic biopsies - A retrospective study Int J. Sci Res. 2015;4:9. [2] Mustapha SK, Bolori MT, Ajayi NA, Nggada HA, Pindiga UH. Endoscopic findings and the frequency of H.pyloriamong dyspeptic patients in northeastern Nigeria. HMRJ. 2007;5:78-81. [3]Krishnappa R, Horakerappa MS, Karar A, Mangala G. A study on histopathological spectrum of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic biopsies. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2013;2:418-24. [4] Bhat N. histopathological spectrum of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic biopsies- 1-year prospective study. Br Biomed Bull;6(2):315. [5]Sonu HU, Borchard F. Cancer of the distal esophagus and cardia: incidence, tumour infiltration and metastatic spread. Ann Surg. 1986;203(2):188-95. [6] Wang J, Noffsinger A, Stemmermann G, Fenoligo-Preiser C. Esophagus squamous cell carcinoma arising in patients from the high-risk areas of north china lack an association with. Epstein Barr virus. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999;8(12):1111-4. [7] Afroz Ahmed M, Bharathi. Histopathological study of neoplastic lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract by endoscopic biopsy [thesis] submitted to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka April-2012. [8] Hussain SI, ReshiR, Akhter G, Beigh A. Clinico histopathological study of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic biopsies. IJCRR. 2015;7(16):78-85. [9]Devi Leena KR and Suvarna N. Pattern of gastrointestinal tumours in north Kerala. Indian J Cancer. 1980;17(159):163. [10] Durrani AA, YaqoobN,Abbasi S, SiddiqM, MoinS. The pattern of upper gastrointestinal malignancies in northern Punjab. Pak J Med Sci. 2009;25(2):302-7. [11] Sujata M, PatilP.V. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies - A histopathological study. A one-year cross-sectional study [thesis] submitted to KLE'S Dr. PrabhkarKoreHospital, Belgium, KLE University. Karnataka: Belgaum; 2011 [12] Memon F, Balovch K, Memon AA. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsy; Morphological spectrum of lesions. Prof Med J. 2015;22(12):1574-9. [13] Abilash S, Kolalladan HG, Shreelakshmidevi S, Balamurunganvelu S. Histopathological spectrum of upper gastrointestinal tract mucosal biopsies: A retrospective study. Sch J ApplMed Sci. 2016;4(5E):1807-13. [14]Shanmugasamy K, Bhavani K, K. AV, NarshimN R, Kotasthane DS. Clinical correlation of Histopathological spectrum of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic biopsies with Histopathological findings and to study Histopathological profile of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions (April); 2016. [15] Sheikh BA, Hamdani SM, Malik R. Spectrum of neoplastic lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract- a study of endoscopic. Glob J Med Public Heal. 2015;4(4):1-8. [16]Gulia CSP, Noorunnisa MN, Balkrishna CD, Balagurunathan K. Interpretation of upper gastrointestinal Tract Mucosal Biopsies -A Study Conducted in Teaching Hospital in Puducherry, India. Int J Heal Sci J. 2012;1(3):17-24. [17] Change S, Shetty S, Thapa R. The conceding of upper gastrointestinal lesion endoscopic biopsy: a bare minimum for diagnosis. Int J Sci Res.2015;4(2): 264-6. [18] Shennak MM, Al sheik TM. Upper gastrointestinal diseases in symptomatic Jordanians: A prospective endoscopic study. Ann Saudi Med 1997;17(4):471-4. [19]Katiyar V, Gupta E, Bhuyan RK. The pattern of upper GI disorders based on endoscopy in a tertiary care hospital of Assam: A record-based study. Int J Sci Res. 2014;3(6):35-6. [20]Bukhari U, Siyal R, Memon FA, Memon JH. Esophageal carcinoma: a review of endoscopic. biopsies. Pak J Med Sci. 2009;25:845-8. [21] Khan NA, Maqbool LM, Afroz F, Kharadi MY. Clinicopathological profile of carcinoma esophagus and esophagogastric junction in Kashmir. JK Pract. 2004;11(3):182-5. [22] Panjeta SG, Chaudhary M, Noorunnisa N, Balakrishna CD. Interpretation of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopic mucosal biopsies - A study 77 conducted; SN1 in a teaching hospital in Puducherry, India. Int j Med Health Sci. 2012;1(3):17-24. [23] Thapa R, Lakhey M, Yadav PK, Kandel P, Aryal C. Histopathological study of endoscopic biopsies. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2013;52(190):354-6.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareLaparoscopy for Secondary Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis - A Case Report English8689Shankarraman DebashriEnglish Alexander NaveenEnglishIntroduction: Abdominal cocoon is a rare condition in which the abdominal viscera may be partially or completely enclosed within a thick fibro-collagenous membrane. This can be a rare cause of bowel obstruction presenting as a surgical emergency. Case Report: Here, we report a case of a 38-year-old man who presented with acute intestinal obstruction and underwent an emergency diagnostic laparoscopy during which the cause of obstruction was confirmed as an abdominal cocoon. An adhesiolysis with the release of obstructive fibrous bands was done and deemed as adequate management. Discussion: It is predominant in women living in tropical regions. It can be either primary (idiopathic) or secondary to peritoneal injury due to infective, malignant aetiology or pharmacological irritants. Although it is usually diagnosed intra-operatively, comput tomography can rarely identify the presence of a thin capsule enclosing dilated bowel loops. Conclusion: A thorough knowledge of secondary causative factors of sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis and its management is of prime importance. It is usually associated with a good prognosis. EnglishLaparoscopy, Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis, Abdominal cocoon, Adhesiolysis, Bowel obstruction, Surgical emergencyhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4254http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4254

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareIsolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from M. Stenopetala Root Extracts for Medicinal Values English9095Asnake Haile AlemuEnglish Kusse Gudishe GoroyaEnglish Filippo Tamiru TuluEnglishIntroduction: The worldwide investigation of plant species for the treatment of various diseases and infections is still valuable. In developing countries, such as Ethiopia, where health care coverage is less, traditional medicine has played a significant role in treating health problems. Moringa stenopetala is among plant species widely used in traditional medicine for treatments of human health cases. Aims: This study was conducted to isolate bioactive compounds from Moringa stenopetala root for medicinal purposes. Methodology: The dried root of Moringa stenopetala was extracted with different solvents: n-hexane, dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) and methanol using maceration. Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, glycosides, terpenoids and tannins. Compounds were isolated and the compounds were characterized using results from spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and DEPT-135). The results signify that isolated and characterized compounds are (5E, 7Z, 10E)- 4,5,6,7-tetramethylnonadeca-5,7,10-trienoic acid and (4E,6E,8E)-pentadeca-4,6,8-trienoic acid with a structure that nearly look like simple fatty acids. Conclusion: Fatty acids are known to possess antimicrobial activities of different strains and the result of this work supports the indigenous knowledge of the community of using this tree for antimalarial and anti-pain treatments. EnglishCrude extract, Characterization, M. Stenopetala, NMR, IR, Isolationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4255http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4255

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareConverting the Botanical Products into Therapeutically Active Compounds: The Emerging Roles of Phytosome-Based Delivery System English96103Gakhar AshimaEnglish Singla NeelamEnglishIntroduction: The phytoconstituents have been shown to have a wide range of biological functions with pharmacological implications. However, these phytoconstituents’ bioavailability is restricted due to poor absorption. The failure of these constituents to access their site of operation before being degraded, as well as their inability to migrate through the small intestine owing to their multi-ring structures and the lipid composition of the intestinal wall, are the main causes of inadequate absorption. Phytosome technology is one of these devices, which incorporates phospholipids into the uniform active ingredients of herbal extracts, effectively increasing the bioavailability of water-soluble phytoactive constituents including flavonoids, phenolics, and hydrophilic compounds. Aim: The aim of the study involves highlighting the latest developments in the area of phytosome drug delivery systems which will help researchers in better understanding the subject. Materials and Methods: Normal databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and others were combed through to find critical published facts in the form of research articles. Results: This research overview summarizes recent developments in phytosome science, focusing on fundamental principles, characterization techniques, method of development, pharmacotherapeutic uses, marketed drugs, and phytosomes potential prospects. Conclusion: Phytosomes are a form of advanced herbal extract that is more easily absorbed and produces better results than traditional herbal extract. Phytosomes also improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacological parameters, allowing them to be utilized in the treatment of a variety of diseases. The absorption of phytosome in the gastrointestinal tract is significantly higher than that of the individual portion, resulting in a higher plasma level. EnglishPhytosomes, Phytoconstituents, Herbal Extracts, Delivery System, Products, Mechanismshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4256http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4256

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareRelationship of Hypothyroidism with Lipid Levels, hs-CRP and BMI English104107Naved AhmadEnglish Shahid IqbalEnglish Mohd JavedEnglish Mushir AhmadEnglish Sana NafeesEnglish Asha AugusthyEnglishIntroduction: In India, the occurrence of overweight and obesity is increasingly rising in the younger and adult populations. It is a remedial problem that increases the risk of various lifestyle-modifiable diseases. In hypothyroidism, there are also cardiovascular problems & hs-CRP is a marker of systemic inflammation and an interpreter of cardiovascular disease. Therefore a study was planned to find out the correlation of Hypothyroidism with Lipid Levels, hs-CRP and BMI in the study population. Objective: Our objective of the study is to find out the relationship of hypothyroid patients with lipid profile, hs-CRP& BMI Material & Methods: A Hospital-based observational study was carried out in 87 hypothyroid patients. They were divided into two groups obese & nonobese based on the BMI ranges(group 1 BMI Englishhs-CRP, Obesity, BMI, Hypothyroidism, Cardiovascular and lipid profilehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4257http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4257

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareCOVID-19 Vaccination Progress in India and its Neighbors English108112Neda FatimaEnglish Pankaj AggarwalEnglish Sapna YadavEnglishThe novel coronavirus COVID-19 has affected the entire world in an unprecedented manner. Countries around the world are trying to control the rate of infection primarily through vaccination drives. Now that the vaccine has been developed and introduced in various countries, the deployment of vaccines to the masses seems to be a challenging task. The present paper is an attempt to explore the progress of the vaccination drive around the world. The focus has been particularly on India and its neighbours in South Asia. Current COVID-19 data set on vaccination status has been analysed and referred to get insight into the dataset on various aspects on vaccination progress including daily vaccination progress, which vaccination scheme is used the most, the number of people vaccinated etc. This study can be a useful report for experts and the concerned officials in India to have a comparative understanding of vaccination progress. Python and associated graphic libraries have been used to explore the dataset. EnglishCOVID-19, Vaccination progress, Vaccination scheme, Time Series, India, South Asiahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4258http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4258

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareA Study to Find the Change in Quality of Sleep, Perception of Physical Activity and Mobile Phone Usage During Covid-19 Pandemic in University Going Students of India - A Cross-Sectional Observational Study English113116Chhatlani REnglish Kakkad AEnglish Solanki CEnglishIntroduction: India is the world’s second-most populous and the second-worst affected country by COVID-19 to date (in terms of the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases). Also, the total number of college-going students in India is around 1,135,641. Therefore, it is relevant to review how COVID-19 has affected various parameters like sleep, physical activity and mobile phone usage among students. Aims: To find the change in the quality of sleep, perception of physical activity and mobile phone usage during COVID-19 in university going students in India. Methodology: A brief Questionnaire was prepared to understand changes in the quality of sleep, perception of physical activity and mobile phone usage during COVID-19 in university going students in India and circulate through social media. Result: Data obtained from all colleges was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. The Means were utilized to observe the change in the quality of sleep, perception of physical activity and mobile phone usage during COVID-19 in university going students in India. (pEnglishMental Health, Physical Activity, Sleep pattern, Smartphone use, COVID 19 pandemic, Studentshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4259http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4259

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareA Study on the Potential of Cabbage Extract against Snake-venom English117122Ballal SuhasEnglish Bajaj DeeptiEnglishIntroduction: Snake venom causes mortality and tissue disfiguration among the rural folks. Though anti-dote or anti-snake venom serum is freely available at government health care centres yet is marred by inept handling, storage and lack of specificity. In India, most of the venomous snakes belong to the Elapidae&Viperidae families. Aim: The need of the hour is to discover new anti-dotes which are not only cheap but can act against a wide range of snake venoms. In this paper, the venom of the Flavanoids has been reported to have anti-snake venom activity due to which the cabbage (Brassica oleracea) was selected for its high flavonoid content. Methodology: The leafy body of Brassica oleracea var capitata (family: Brassicaceae) was chosen to be studied as a source of anti-dote against the venom of Russell’s viper (Daboiarusselii). The leaves were used to prepare an extract which was tested for having the potential to reduce proteolysis in plasma cells in presence of the venom. Results: The effective concentration 50 (EC50) of Russell’s viper (Daboiarusselii) was determined on goat’s plasma at 4.54 micron/mL and the aqueous extract of cabbage was seen to prevent proteolysis. Next, the minimum coagulant dose (MCD) was calculated at 3.69 µg/ml for goat’s plasma and the aqueous extract of cabbage was seen to delay venom induced plasma clotting. Conclusion: An analysis of these results indicate that cabbage can be a potential source of extract capable of reducing physiological effects caused by snake venom. Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4260http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4260

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1Healthcare A Case of Shell Shock English123126Dharti MeshramEnglish Jaya GawaiEnglish Pooja KasturkarEnglish Background: Shell shock is a mental health condition caused by either suffering and observing a frightening occurrence. it involves Flashbacks, delusions or extreme nervousness, along with uncontrollable thoughts regarding the incident. Many individuals who go through traumatic experiences can have impermanent trouble adapting or managing, then they generally get well by time Respectableperson-care. shell shock symptoms get worse, for months and years, or affect through your normal working. Goal: Raise the capacity of the old hand to make sense of stressful events or sense of normal feelings related to them. Objective: To develop an effective manager to reduce stresses and anxiety. Method: Knowledge used to write this case description was gathered from PubMed outlets, search hand, searching college and personal libraries looking for research techniques and case report texts, engaging in or writing many case reports with experience. Result: The patient was received psychopharmacological treatment antidepressant drug sertraline, citalopram, fluvoxamine along with psychosocial therapy, coping strategies, family therapy, yoga, recreation, meditation and symptoms were minimized. Conclusion: A positive outcome gets by the patient not only with the help of therapeutic management but also the family coping and support even. later on, due to proper psychopharmacological treatment, the patient showed positive feedback and slowly all the aims are achieved which were planned in the period. Finally, the patient got discharged from the hospital and now he is continuing his follow-up. EnglishShell shock trauma, Neurotic disorder, Stress disorder, Flashback, Terrorism, Prolonged exposure Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), also known as shell shock or battle fatigue syndromes, is a severe illness that may occur after an individual has encountered or witnessed a traumatic or frightening incident involving serious physical harm or danger. Shell shock is a long-term effect of traumatic experiences that trigger extreme anxiety, helplessness, or terror.1 During the Vietnam War, the idea was expressed. If it is extreme, death-threatening and reasons serious damage, an occurrence is called shocking, or the serious reaction includes fear, helplessness and terror. example of traumatic events is an accident, disaster (natural or man-made), terrorist attack, gang rape, war event, physical assault, etc.2Most common risk factors or causes of post-traumatic stress disorder include sexual or physical assault, loss of a loved object, war, natural disaster, accident, and unexpected death of love.3Common symptoms are relieving the traumatic events by distressing, unwanted memories, flashback, palpitation, feeling of upset, fear, feeling anger, feeling of upset, self-blame and other also, loss of interest into day to day activities, they feel cut off from friends family, want to avoid remind stressful events, they troubling to a sleeping pattern or concentration and feeling of irritable.4Post-traumatic stress disorder developed different mental health conditions like fear, anxiety and depression, alcoholism, drugs taken as a way of coping.5acute stress, adjustment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, etc. The post-traumatic stress disorder prevalence rate among adults is 6.8%. the lifetime prevalence rate among men was 3.6 and in females was 9.7%.6 COVID-19 developed various kinds of post-traumatic stress disorder such as anxiety or, stress, depressive disorder, suicide, substance use disorders, loss of job, income, failure of a marriage, etc. Global effects include high morbidity or mortality rate or financial problem, and sustained social isolation for people. Isolation, quarantine, and lockdown measures to control the COVID-19 may have negative and psychological, and social consequences. The majority of the expected direct effects of quarantine and related social and physical isolation, such as financial insecurity, boredom, anger, feeling burdened, loneliness, and fear, are risk factors for mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, suicide, and self-harm.7 Patient Information A case selected from AVBR Hospital Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha where lack of mental health services for the remote population, or Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital provided psychiatric health facilities for all the needy people. The 35-year-old woman had a history of losing her son in a road traffic accident three months ago. she detached herself from social, lack interaction with others, from family member, friends. she was talking about the incident continuously for 3week, irritable, muttering to herself, loss of interest in daily activity, disturbed sleeping pattern, anxious, worried, stressed, loss of appetite, hallucination present, and muttering to self. No history of the family regarding mental illness. all necessary investigations are done like history collection, mental status examination, blood investigation after that diagnosis to have post-traumatic stress disorder by mental status examination. Precipitating factors: stressor, the presence of a traumatic event with her son. Past psychiatric history the patient was asymptomatic 3 months before. Due to the loss of their love object (son), she has started symptoms she loss of social interaction with others, irritability, muttering to self, loss of interest in daily activity, disturbed sleeping pattern, anxiety, worried, stress, loss of appetites, muttering to self, hallucination. the patient was taken treatment from a private hospital. he received psychopharmacological treatment antidepressant, fluoxetine, mood stabilized. still symptoms not minimized. so, a patient came to AVBR Hospital Sawangi Meghe Wardha. The patient is not having any past and present medical history apart from this. The patient was completely alright before the presentation of the above clinical manifestations. No history of surgery. Family history: patient belongs to a joint family, and is middle class. her life with her husband and daughter and mother-in-law and father-in-law. her husband working as clear in private, his family income per month 18000/-. she is a housewife. Sign and symptoms This patient presented with typical symptoms of loss of social interaction with others, irritability, muttering to self, loss of interest in daily activity, disturbed sleeping pattern, anxiety, worried, stress, loss of appetites, muttering to self, hallucination.8 Diagnostic Assessment History collection done no any history of the family regarding mental illness. physical examination: Facial expression tension, anxiety, unstable gait, lack of speech. Blood investigation: Hb%-11mg/dl, glucose plasma random-80 mg%, serum globulin 3.0gm%, serum protein-7gm%, and antigen test- Negative. Mental status examination: auditory hallucination present, abnormal speech, abnormal, inappropriate affect. Neurological examination and process recording are done. Therapeutic intervention. Fluoxetine/Prozac-By blocking the reuptake transporter protein located in the presynaptic terminal, it helps block the reuptake of serotine into presynaptic neurons. Sertraline/Zoloft-As an inhibitor of dopamine transporters, it has a mild effect. Imipramine/Tofranil-It helps to inhibit the reuptake of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Nursing interventions · provided supportive therapy to develop trust, reduce the stress and anxiety of the client. Avoid excessive probing into details of trauma · Promote independence and the client’s higher level of functioning. Reconnect the individual with the existing support system explained stress coping strategies therapy yoga, meditation, relaxation, recreation, group therapies to reduce isolation, breathing techniques. A consistent empathetic approach helps the client to tolerate intense memories and emotional pains. Timeline The patient was admitted for three weeks and the nursing care has been provided along with the psychopharmacological interventions along with psychosocial therapy like mediation, yoga recreation therapy, stress management coping strategies, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, group, and family therapy. The patient's condition was prognosed and the patient got discharged from the hospital in a good condition and follow-up has been taken regularly. Data extraction: Data collected from PubMed, libraries hand search book, Medline and Cochrane. Primary Outcome To minimize symptoms of shell shock by the antianxiety drug, mood stabilizer antidepressant drug and other psychosocial therapies. Secondary outcome Regular follow-up will prevent adverse effects of newly prescribed antipsychotic drugs. Prognosis The prognosis is the first and foremost dependant on early and successful treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. As well as the prognosis also depends upon the severity of the disease condition but also the socioeconomic background of the family and meanwhile family coping. treatment regimen, later on, the patient was given a positive outcome and finally, he was discharged from the hospital while staying in a hospital for about 20 days. Discussion A 35 year of old female client from Nalwadi was admitted to AVBR Hospital Sawangi Meghe Wardha in a female psychiatric ward with chief complaints of muttering to self, hallucination, lack of social interaction with a family member and others, anxiety, tension, stress, repetition of events, flash block for 3 weeks caused by this her lose her son in a road traffic accident. the patient received psychopharmacological treatment along with psychosocial therapy. only pharmacological treatment is not effective but psychosocial therapy is also important for reducing symptoms. The patient's condition was improved and finally, the patient got discharged from the hospital and she has taken follow-up services in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital on an OPD basis. One of the investigators found that approximately 3.6 per cent of American adults, or 5.2 million individuals, have experience shell shock in a given year, and found that 7.8 million Americans will develop shell shock at some stage in their lives. It occurs in any age group, including childhood. Most common in women rather than men due to women being more likely to be victims of domestic violence, bullying, and rape.2 One of the researchers researched Evidence-based post-traumatic stress disorder trials for the third generation. Related EB clinical trials are expected in due course to assess the intensity of the indication in support of alternative methods to the management of shell shock. Like that the practice of complementary treatments (e.g., Herbal massage and food complements) for tension or co-morbid pain, nervousness and fear are common between active military veterans or their partners. Results suggest that despite sound positive research information, around seventy per cent of the surveyed subjects want these treatments existing at the medical management services. Thus, this patient group is at significant risk of being underserved. The need for orderly evaluations of the benefit of complementary medicine in the action of posttraumatic stress disorder between the civilian people is also becoming apparent in the light of growing studies suggesting the profits of acupuncture or massage in people exposed to traumatic events.9 One of the research articles says that Rates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder were observed in instruction to comparison the outline inpatient of an Australian Community Mental Health Facility through that was described in the international literature for clients with a major mental disorder or to discover the outcome of this on client health outcomes. they used t-test and ANOVA. in that finding of the result is undocumented trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder were found. It is assumed that, as stated for people with a serious mental condition, the elevated stages of the event, with those observed in the present research, are primarily linked to the features of the people receiving confirm community mental health facilities or that these factors have exact consequences for the distribution of facilities or increase problems of source utilization or efficiency.10 One of the researches conducted on trauma-related health problem humanitarian staff. The result of this study suggests that mental health issues are faced by nationwide workers or the prevalence of PTSD, anxiety or depression, in this occupation category is generally equal to or greater than amongst comparison groups. There is an especially scarce study amongst nationwide workers on substance use illness or suicidal behaviour. The relationship between gender or mental health problems amongst nationwide workers seems to be complex, or support for organizational staff seems to be a significant factor of mental health.11 Conclusion Posttraumatic stress disorders are psychiatric illnesses with substantial psychosocial and biological consequences. These disorders can cause significant emotional and physical turmoil. In delivering appropriate treatment for the client, nurses can involve members of a family or build support and a clear empathic method to help the client withstand penetrating memories or emotional pain. Post-traumatic stress disorder, on the other hand, provides an opportunity for psychological and spiritual development due to the human capacity to adapt or succeed in the face of hardship or difficult times. Acknowledgement The author special thanks to Mrs Jaya Gawai associate professor cum HOD of the mental health department for supporting and guiding from time to time. also, thanks to Mrs Pooja Kasturkar assistance professor of mental health departments of nursing Smt. Radhikabai Meghe memorial college of nursing. Datta Meghe institution of medical sciences (Deemed to be University) Sawangi Meghe Wardha Maharashtra, India for suggestion and guidance. Author contribution All author equally participates in this case report. Informed Consent Written Inform consent of the patient was taken before select the case. interest and conflict Nil Financial resource of the study Nil Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4261http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4261 Jones E, Wessely S. A paradigm shift in the conceptualization of psychological trauma in the 20th century. Journal of anxiety disorders. 2007 Jan 1;21(2):164-75. O’Connell WE, Hooker E. Anxiety disorders II. Psychopathology & psychotherapy: From DSM-IV diagnosis to treatment. 1996:179-86. Newman E, Simpson R, Handschuh D. Trauma exposure and post?traumatic stress disorder among photojournalists. Visual Communication Quarterly. 2003 Jan 1;10(1):4-13. Briere JN, Scott C. Principles of trauma therapy: A guide to symptoms, evaluation, and treatment (DSM-5 update). Sage Publications; 2014 Mar 25. Batten SV, Hayes SC. Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of comorbid substance abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder: A case study. Clinical case studies. 2005 Jul;4(3):246-62. Friedman MJ. Posttraumatic and acute stress disorders. Springer; 2015 Feb 28. Wang Y, Shi L, Que J, Lu Q, Liu L, Lu Z, Xu Y, Liu J, Sun Y, Meng S, Yuan K. The impact of quarantine on mental health status among general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular psychiatry. 2021 Jan 22:1-0. Brown TA, Barlow DH, DiNardo PA. Anxiety disorders interview schedule adult version: Client interview schedule. Grey wind Publications Incorporated; 1994. Batelaan NM, Bosman RC, Muntingh A, Scholten WD, Huijbregts KM, van Balkom AJ. Risk of relapse after antidepressant discontinuation in anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of relapse prevention trials. BMJ. 2017 Sep 13;358. Friedman MJ, Schnurr PP, McDonagh-Coyle A. Post-traumatic stress disorder in the military veteran. Psychiatric Clinics. 1994 Jun 1;17(2):265-77. Xiong T, Wozney L, Olthuis J, Swati Singh R, McGrath P. A scoping review of the role and training of paraprofessionals delivering psychological interventions for adults with post-traumatic stress. J Dep Anxiety. 2019;8(342):2167-1044.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcarePrevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction Among Pregnant Women in First Trimester: A Hospital-Based Study From Mysuru, South India English127133Savitha VEnglish Mamatha SEnglish Madhu BEnglish Mahesh MEnglishIntroduction: Hypothyroidism during pregnancy can lead to multiple adverse effects on both mother and child. Children born to untreated or undertreated mothers suffer profound effects on intellectual development. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is another important subset and knowledge of SCH in pregnancy is evolving. There are only a few studies on this aspect from South Asia. Objectives: 1. To estimate the prevalence and patterns of hypothyroidism in pregnant women 2. To assess SCH and its association with clinic-demographic variables such as age, residence, consanguinity, duration of pregnancy, parity, diet, obesity and autoimmunity. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at JSS Hospital, a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Mysore between Jan 2017 to June 2019. 500 women in the first trimester of pregnancy were included. Detailed history and clinical examination were recorded and blood samples were analysed for Hb, T3, T4, TSH and anti-TPO antibodies. Data were analyzed concerning associations. Results: Out of 500, the results of 9 subjects were ineligible for analysis because of preanalytical lab error. The prevalence of Hypothyroidism in first trimester pregnant women was 156/491 (31.77%), Of this9(5.76%) had overt hypothyroidism and 147(94.23%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, and7 (1.42%) had hyperthyroidism. Clinicodemographic variables as mentioned above were not significantly associated with SCH except the presence of anti-TPO antibody(pEnglishThyroid diseases, Gestation, Anti-TPO antibody, First trimester, Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Thyroid Glandhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4262http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4262

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareSynthesis, Spectral Characterization of Azithromycin with Transition Metals and a Molecular Approach for Azithromycin with Zinc for COVID-19 English5359Sherif A. KolkailaEnglish Alaa E. AliEnglish Gehan S. ElasalaEnglishIntroduction: The discovery of azithromycin (Figure 1) as a type of macrolide was very important in the 20th century which was presented as an example of medicinal chemistry and drug design. Recently, azithromycin has a special and interesting profile in this research on pharmacotherapy for COVID-19. Aim and Objective: Synthesis, spectral characterization and thermal analysis of azithromycin complexes with transition metals (Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II)) were discussed. Method: Azithromycin act as a bidentate ligand with the formation of 1:2 (M: L). measurement of magnetism and spectral data shows octahedral structures for all complexes. Result: All of them have Oh geometry and these results are confirmed by Nujol and ESR spectra. Azithromycin act as a bidentate ligand through N (CH3)2 group of dopamine and a hydroxyl group. Also have different sites available for coordination that carries more electronegative charges and the computational study confirms these results. Conclusion: Hyper chemistry program confirmed the binding sites of azithromycin. Azithromycin complexes have higher activity than commercial azithromycin for some strains with the remarkable effect of Zn-azithromycin complex. A molecular approach for COVID-19 was studied. English Macrolide complexes, Azithromycin Complexes, Biological activity, COVID-19http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4263http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4263

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareIn-vitro Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Leaf & Fruit Extracts of Coccinia Indica Linn. English134140G GopinathEnglish V. SivakumarEnglish Thirumurthy MadhavanEnglishIntroduction: Indian traditional system of medicine has huge varieties of various medicinal plants with pharmacological importance. “Archeologically” plants have played a significant part in medicine across the world. Aim: The present study aims to open new avenues for the improvement of medicinal uses of the taken medicinal plant Coccinia indica. Methodology: In this study, the ethanolic extracts of leaf (ELECI) and fruit (EFECI) of Coccinia indica have been taken to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The outcome obtained shows that the extracts possessed significant level of in-vitro anti-diabetic activity by inhibition of glycosylation of haemoglobin, glucose transport across yeast cells and α-amylase inhibition. In this, inhibition of glycosylation & α-amylase was a dose dependent manner and glucose transport differs with the sample. The concentration of the glucose that remains in the medium confirms the taken plant possess significant anti-diabetic activity. Conclusion: The study also concluded that the taken plants should possess anti-inflammatory activity through increase membrane stability of lysosome cell that has equal physiological properties with erythrocytes membrane cell and it has no hemolytic activity. However, these effects should be confirmed using in-vivo models and clinical trials for its effective utilization as therapeutic agents. English?-amylase inhibition, Anti-diabetic activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Coccinia indica, Glucose uptake, Glycosylation, Membrane stabilizationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4383http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4383

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1HealthcareAssessment on Elements Involving the Academic Performance among Pharmacy Students: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study English141145Konda Ravi KumarEnglish G. Venkata NagarajuEnglish S Naga SubrahmanyamEnglish K. Naga RaniEnglish Shaik ShareefEnglish Manukonda TennygilphinEnglish Mahesh NamballaEnglishIntroduction: Nowadays day by day academic performance is decreasing especially among students, who are addicted to several things. Aim: Analyse the Factors that are affecting the Academic Performance among Pharmacy Students Materials and Methods: In this study, we included inclusion and exclusion criteria, this study was conducted over 6 months. Results: We have included a total of 1000 participants, among them males are 313 and females are female are 687, the final obtained data were analyzed by applying the MS Excel 2013, by analyzing the study results in Academic Performance is suppressed by different reasons but according to our study results shows Web browsing, illness and Lack of confidence only above three are the most preventable variables. Conclusion: We suggest to them to overcome the above factors subjects are needed to adopt Meditation and yoga in their regular lifestyle to overcome them. EnglishAcademic Performance, Web browsing, Illness, Lack of confidence, Pharmacy Students, Illnesseshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4465http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4465

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1Healthcare Neuropharmacological Exploration of Standardized Extract of Annona squamosa (L.) Fruit Pulp in Experimental Animals English146154Kawade Rajendra MEnglish Ghante Mahavir HEnglish Warokar Amol SEnglish Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of standardized Annona squamosa Linn fruit pulp extract using various in-vitro and in-vivo models. Methodology: Neuroprotective potential of the standardized extract was screened against dopamine-induced contraction of iso-lated rat vas deferens, serotonin-induced contractions of isolated rat fundus, and acetylcholine-induced contractions of isolated goat tracheal chain. In-vivo models such as elevated plus maze, light and dark model, force swim test, tail suspension test, lithium-induced head twitches, haloperidol-induced catalepsy, PTZ induced seizure and foot shock-induced aggression were implemented to screen various doses intervals (50-200mg/kg) of extracts in experimental animals. Results: Standardization of extract showed content of polyphenols 65.37 mg/g of GAE, total flavonoid 5.33 mg/g of RE and HPLC fingerprinting of ASP-ME showed identical retention time as that of standard gallic acid, quercetine and rutin, viz 3.830, 5.765 and 3.830 respectively. Inhibition of DPPH radical reflected as 91.32±0.19 % while percent inhibition of RRI of DPPH was observed as 95.99±0.47 at 150 min. ASP-ME significantly inhibited dopamine and serotonin-induced contraction on isolated rat vas deferens and rat fundus respectively at log dose (1.3, 2.5) for dopamine and log dose (2.2, 2.5) for serotonin. ASP-ME potentiated ach-induced contractions on goat tracheal chain preparation. Ach alone produces 106.90±4.6 % response, while ASP-ME in presence of Ach potentiates response and produces 141.80±10 % response. The extract demonstrated anxiolytic activity by increasing the time spent in open arms and light zone in elevated plus maze and light dark test respectively. The duration of immobility was significantly decreased in force swim & tail suspension test respectively demonstrating antidepressant activity. Administration of ASP-ME shown antipsychotic effect in a dose-dependent manner by minimising aggression induced by foot shock (reduced number of flights), while potentiation of catalepsy induced by haloperidol. The extract also exhibited serotonergic system inhibitory effect by significantly reducing head twitches imparted by lithium. The ASP-ME significantly delayed the onset of first myoclonic and clonic spasms induced by PTZ indicating anticonvulsant effects. Extract also shown ability to decrease the behavior facilitated by the serotonergic and dopaminergic coordination, while potentiated the actions produced by GABA. Conclusion: Finding of the study suggests anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic effects of ASP-ME probably mediated through dopamine D2 and 5-HT receptors, with neuroprotective activity. EnglishAnnona squamosa, Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, Antipsychotic, Anticonvulsant, Antiaggresionhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4598http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4598

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1Healthcare Assessment of Obstacles to Handwashing Among Nursing Students English155158Sangeeta PatilEnglish Mahadeo ShindeEnglish Namrata C. MohiteEnglish Dhananjay KambleEnglish Indrajeet JadhavEnglish Introduction: Hand hygiene is crucial in the healthcare industry, since it helps reduce the spread of germs between patients and healthcare personnel. Our primary aim was to identify the obstacles that nursing students face when attempting to maintain proper hand hygiene. Aims: The goal of this research was to identify the obstacles that nursing students face when attempting to practise proper hand hygiene. Methods & Materials: Purposive sampling was utilised for this descriptive study of 196 undergraduates in their first and second years of basic BSc; the students themselves created and administered the study’s structured questionnaire, which was then expert-validated and approved for use. Researchers informed participants of the study’s goals before collecting any data. The levels of knowledge (bad, good, and outstanding) were utilised. The data analysis was carried out in accordance with the aims of the study. Result: According to the study’s findings, the majority of students (87%) are under the age of 19, the majority of female students (161) are between the ages of 81 and 19, the majority of students (51%) have completed at least 12 years of schooling, and the majority (96%) of students who are not married. 53.57 percent of pupils had demonstrated moderate difficulties in clinical procedures, according to the descriptive study. A total of 27.4% of the population planted their barriers while washing their hands. Only 19.39% of people ever do not feel the need to wash their hands. Conclusion: We conclude that educational and motivational intervention with students, coupled with seminars on the necessity of hand washing during clinical practises, is necessary to prevent the clinical hospital acquired infection. EnglishHand washing, Barriers of hand washing, Moderate, Preventing infection, Diarrheal, Skin irritationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4655http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4655 1. Mbouthieu Teumta GM, Niba LL, Ncheuveu NT, Ghumbemsitia MT, Itor PO, Chongwain P, Navti LK. An institution-based assessment of students’ hand washing behavior. BioMed Research International. 2019 Dec 28;2019. 2. Muthyala SR, Vankayalapati V. A study on assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice on handwashing among nursing students of Sree Venkateswara College of Nursing, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh. 3. Ahmadipour M, Dehghan M, Ahmadinejad M, Jabarpour M, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Ebrahimi Rigi Z. Barriers to hand hygiene compliance in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022:2763. 4. Al Ghafari Z, AbuRuz ME. Hand hygiene knowledge, attitude and barriers among Jordanian nurses. Int Med J. 2019 Dec;24:385-400. 5. Kumar R, Gupta PK, Sharma P, Kaur R. Hygiene H, Attitude and Barriers among Health Care Workers at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital, Uttarakhand. 6. Chauhan K, Mistry Y, Mullan S. Analysis of compliance and barriers for hand hygiene practices among health care workers during covid-19 pandemic management in tertiary care hospital of India—an important step for second wave preparedness. Open J. Med. Microbiol 2020 Nov 4;10(4):182-9. 7. Labrague LJ, McEnroe?Petitte DM, Van de Mortel T, Nasirudeen AM. A systematic review on hand hygiene knowledge and compliance in student nurses. International nursing review. 2018 Sep;65(3):336-48. 8. Hussain SA. Hand hygiene amongst health workers in a teaching hospital-A Kap study. Ann Epidemiol Public Health. 2018;1:1005. 9. Mahmood SE, Verma R, Khan MB. Hand hygiene practices among nursing students: the importance of improving current training programs. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2015 Oct;2(4):466-71. 10. Maheshwari V, Ramnani VK, Gupta SK, Borle A, Kaushal R. A study to assess knowledge and attitude regarding hand hygiene amongst residents and nursing staff in a tertiary health care setting of Bhopal City. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Aug;8(8): DC04. 11. Semwal R, Yadav SK, AR P, Nath B. Assessment of hand hygiene practices among health care providers in a government tertiary care hospital.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411323EnglishN2021December1Healthcare Evaluate Pregnant Women’s Facilitation with and Comprehension of a Booklet on Delivery Prep (Physical, Cultural, and Psychological Aspects) at an Anc Clinic English159164Sangeeta PatilEnglish Mahadeo ShindeEnglish Sushma SheteEnglish Introduction: The following should be kept in mind before beginning the study: Every expectant mother needs to make preparations for advanced care planning for birth, which includes excellent food and preparation. In the event that the delivery of any health care system is delayed, you should be prepared for the possibility of postnatal complications and the final outcome of the pregnancy. Aims: The purpose of conducting a study on one hundred first-time mothers to assess their level of awareness regarding labour and delivery preparations. Material and Method: Study investigated to assess the knowledge and administration of booklet regarding preparation of delivery (Physical, cultural, and psychological aspects) in primi gravida mothers attending ANC clinic. An experimental study on the knowledge of preparing for delivery among primigravida moms was conducted using 100 first-time mothers as participants. The study was carried out at an ANC clinic using a knowledge questionnaire that was organized. Booklet that was developed based on the knowledge level, which was based on physiological changes, cultural issues, and psychological aspects; booklet that was validated by topic expert. Before beginning the study, the researcher obtained ethical permission and explained the goal of the research to the participants who provided samples. Results: In the study, according to Scio demographic variables, the majority of mothers were between the ages of 21 and 30 years old (58%), the majority of mothers are Hindu (88%), the education level of the mothers was primary (38%), the mothers came from joint families (65%), and the mothers had an average monthly income of 11,000 dollars (52%). There was a correlation between the level of education of the mother and the amount of money the family made each month. There was a correlation between cultural factors and monthly income (p-value = 0.04); there was also a correlation between levels of knowledge and monthly income (p-value = 0.02) (p-value 0.03) Conclusion: Awareness about antenatal care was highly vital during the pregnancies concerning hygienic care, diet, and the outcome of delivery, so every woman should prepare herself for a good outcome by being knowledgeable about it. EnglishAntenatal mothers, Booklet outpatient department, Levels of knowledge, Hygienic care, Pregnant woman, Morbidityhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4657http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4657 1. Pravin R.G.. A study to assess the knowledge and effectiveness of primigravida mother on postnatal care at selected hospital in Nashik city, Int J Sci Res, 7(3), 2018, pp 1514-16. 2. Omotayo RS, Akintan AL, Akadiri O, Bade-Adefioye AM, Omotayo SE. Level of awareness of primigravida about pregnancy and antenatal care at the time of booking in a South West Nigerian tertiary hospital. Int Res J Med Med Sci. 2020 Jul;8(3):83-96. 3. Mathibe-Neke JM, Masitenyane SS. Psychosocial Antenatal Care: A Midwifery Context. In Selected Topics in Midwifery Care 2018 Nov 5. Intech Open. 4. Zahroh RI, Hazfiarini A, Eddy KE, Vogel JP, Tunçalp ?, Minckas N, Althabe F, Oladapo OT, Bohren MA. Factors influencing appropriate use of interventions for management of women experiencing preterm birth: A mixed-methods systematic review and narrative synthesis. Plos Medicine. 2022 Aug 23;19(8):e1004074.. 5. Indra V. Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) on Knowledge Regarding Selected Aspects of Safe Motherhood among Primigravida Women in Selected Hospitals, Puducherry. Int. J. Nurs. Educ. 2016;4(3):253-70.. 6. Alatawi M, Faheem WA, Alabdulaziz H. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Primigravida Women on Birth Preparedness, Open Nurs. J. 2021 Mar 17;15(1). 7. Loladiya N, Pagunti S, Sadhu B, Johnson J. An Exploratory Study to Assess Knowledge Regarding Birth Preparedness among Primigravida in a Selected Hospital of a Metropolitan City. 8. Mohamoud AM, Mohamed SM, Hussein AM, Omar MA, Ismail BM, Mohamed RA, Ahmed MI, Ibrahim SD. Knowledge Attitude and Practice towards Antenatal Care among Pregnant Women Attending for Antenatal Care in SOS Hospital at Hiliwa District, Benadir Region, Somalia. Health. 2022 Apr 12;14(4):377-91. 9. Kaur P, Varghese J. A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude on Birth Preparedness among Primigravida Mothers attending Gynae OPD at selected Hospital Patiala, Punjab. Asian J Nurs Res. 2018;8(1):106-10. 10. Martin DK, Bulmer SM, Pettker CM. Childbirth expectations and sources of information among low-and moderate-income nulliparous pregnant women. J Perinat Educ. 2013 Jan 1;22(2):103-12.