Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareA Glimpse of COVID-19 Situation in Thailand English0102Pongsak RattanachaikunsoponEnglish Parichat PhumkhachornEnglishEnglishCOVID-19, SAR-CoV-2, Thailand, WHOhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3154http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3154

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareRisk Factors for Development of Broncho-Ostructive Syndrome in Children English0306Sh. M. IbatovaEnglish F. Kh. MamatkulovaEnglish N. B. AbdukadirovaEnglish Yu. A. RakhmonovEnglish M. M. KodirovaEnglishIntroduction: Respiratory diseases today are one of the urgent problems of paediatrics and occupy the first place in the structure of child morbidity and mortality. Objective: The study aimed to identify the main risk factors for the development of broncho-obstructive syndrome in young children based on the data of the Samarkand Branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Aid. Methods: Assessment of risk factors for the development of broncho-obstructive syndrome was carried out using statistical methods in epidemiological analysis. We carried out a retrospective analysis of 912 case histories of children with the bronchoobstructive syndrome at the age of 1 to 3 years. General analysis of blood, urine, faeces, X-ray examinations of the chest organs, pulse oximetry data and expert opinions. Result: Biofeedback developed against the background of acute obstructive bronchitis was diagnosed in 494 (54.2%) children as compared to 418 (45.8%) patients in other group. Studies have shown that risk factors are cases of exudative forms of atopic dermatitis (39.1%), lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis (19.5%), prematurity 61 (9.4%), with acute obstructive bronchitis -46, and with acute bronchitis - 15 children. Disharmonious physical development was noted (in 223 children, 36.4%) due to an increase in body weight above the 90th percentile. Conclusion: Main risk factors for the development of broncho-obstructive syndrome are children over a year old, winter and spring seasons of the year, perinatal encephalopathy, aggravated allergic anamnesis, protein-energy malnutrition, part trophy, food allergy, early transfer of children to artificial feeding, hereditary and congenital pathology of the bronchopulmonary system and others. All this dictates the need for preventive work in families and family clinics for the prevention of bronchial asthma in the future. English Broncho-obstructive syndrome, Risk factors, Children, Retrospective analysis, Pneumonia, Acute obstructive bronchitis, Bronchial asthmahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3155http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3155

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareNutrition, Mental Status and Level of 8-hydroxy2-deoxyguanosine (OHdG) Urine as Predictors of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) in Adolescent Girls English0713Julian Purnawati1English Andi Wardihan Sinrang1English Elizabet Catherine Jusuf2English Erlyn Limoa3English Mardiana Ahmad1English Andi Nilawati UsmanEnglishObjective: This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of PMS, the relationship of nutritional intake, mental status, and levels of 8-OHdG in urine with PMS events and to find a predictor model of PMS events. Methods: Observational analytic study design case-control study and cross-sectional study (hybrid method), samples of 90 students class X and XI at SMAN 21 Makassar was conducted in February-March 2020. Data included 2x24 hour food recall, food frequency questionnaire, stress, depression and anxiety scores, and 8-OHdG levels in girls’ urine. Data analysis using chisquare test, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of PMS was 28.9%. There was a significant correlation between fat intake, calcium, zinc, stress, depression, and urine 8-OHdG levels with the incidence of PMS (pEnglishNutrition, Mental Status, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, Premenstrual syndromehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3156http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3156

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareSmart Health Prediction System with Data Mining English1419Wilson WibamantoEnglish Debashish DasEnglish Sivananthan A/L ChelliahEnglishBackground: The digital technology era demands the world to provide an excellent health system, to ensure the citizen and community to be alive and healthy. Purpose: This study proposes the application of data mining algorithm for health prediction that can eventually shape a suitable health prediction system for patients. Although health care is available to everyone in the world, there is still no healthcare system that is completely reliable and accurate to carefully diagnose a patient on their current health issues. Even though some hospitals are well equipped to provide the best healthcare services to its citizens, some of the hospitals are still lacking in certain qualities. Consequently, patients are doubtful and uncertain when it comes to picking which hospital suits them. Problem: Numerous issues are faced by patients pertinent to hospitals such as being unable to provide medical services, insufficient number of qualified medical staffs, poor communication between doctors and patients, and unorganized health records and data. Eventually, these issues impede the opportunity for hospitals to handle both their management and their duties steadily to maintain the health of every citizen and community. Conclusion: Patients need treatment and diagnosis that are accurate and precise for them to be able to recover back for their proper health and medical staffs are required to be well-equipped in their clinical knowledge and communication skills to carefully assess their patients to ensure good health. Therefore, application of data mining in health prediction is considered in this paper as the best practice to facilitate better healthcare system. English Clinical prediction, Data mining, Smart health system, Medical service, Health prediction, Electronic health recordshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3157http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3157

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareEffectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Growth Monitoring of Under-Five Children Among Anganwadi Workers in the Rural Area of Wardha District English2024Khushbu MeshramEnglish Archana MouryaEnglish Mayuri HingeEnglish Lawrence JamesEnglish Prajakta MankarEnglishBackground: Weighing the child at regular intervals allows parents and pediatricians to see weight fluctuations and give guidance to the mother based on this weight change. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme (STP) on the knowledge and practice regarding growth monitoring among the Anganwadi workers. Methods: A pre-experimental pre-test, the post-test research design was used to conduct this study with convenience sampling to collect data from 60 Anganwadi workers using structured questionnaire. After collecting pre-test data, STP was organized for the intervention of growth monitoring to samples. Seven days were provided to the samples for utilizing STP which was organized for 45-50 minutes through lecture, discussion and planned Audio-Visual (AV) aids. Post-test information was gathered after seven days from the Seven days was assigned after getting expert opinions as well as to give time for the implication of knowledge through the practice of growth monitoring with the help of an observational checklist. The sample characteristics were described by frequency, percentage and t-test were used to describe the difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge score. Results: The Mean Pre-test knowledge score of the Anganwadi workers in the pre-test was 10.40 ± 1.86 and in post-test, it was 18.03±1.10.Among 65% of Anganwadi workers had a very good level of practice score and 35% had an excellent level of practice score. Mean practice score of the Anganwadi workers was 12.26± 1.20 and mean percentage score was 81.77±8.03. Conclusion: It is important to give health education and teaching to the Anganwadi workers to improve the skills and upgradation of the new knowledge. English Intervention, Growth and development assessment, Front line Health workers Comprehension, Skill, Kids under five, Pastoral areahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3158http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3158

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareLifestyle Characteristics and Knowledge About Dengue Among Patients Hospitalised with Dengue Fever English2530Poornima SEnglish Anees Fathima Thabassum ZEnglish Khyrunnisa BegumEnglishBackground: Dengue has an alarming impact on both human health and the global and national economies. Objective: To identify environmental conditions fostering mosquito breeding and awareness about dengue among the patients admitted to hospital with dengue fever. Methods: Study was conducted during January and May, Five hospitals (3 -government and 2-private) were included. Patients diagnosed with DF without any complication and admitted to medical wards were included. 48 patients (16 children and 32 adults) were the study population. Standardized interview schedules were used to collect their demographic details and Socioeconomic status (SES) was also assessed. Results: Percentage of Male patients was higher among both children and adults.70.8 and18.6% of patients belonged to middle and high SES. Awareness about dengue symptoms was poor, Mosquito as the vector was known. A higher percentage of participants was unaware of mosquito breeding grounds. Patients from Middle and High SES had wider access to information importantly the print media, newspaper (26.5 and 33.3% Middle and High SES) and book (2.9 and 22.2% Middle and High SES). Lighting and ventilation of the house, drainage, water storage inside the house and breeding places around the house had statistically significant (P? 0.05) association to SES. Repellents were used by all. A window screen was used by high (44.4) and middle SES (17.6). Nearly 60% of patients from low and middle SES did not use any measure to prevent mosquito bite. Conclusion: Intensive information programs related to causes, symptoms, seriousness of the disease and preventive measures should be telecasted for the benefit of the common man. English Awareness, Dengue infection, environmental surroundings, Prevention, Socioeconomic statushttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3159http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3159

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareConceptual Understanding of Ahar and Yoga in the Management of Obesity English3134Krutika S. UmateEnglish Swati TikaleEnglish Nikhil DhandeEnglish Minal HandeEnglish Deepa KardeEnglishAyurveda has recognized the importance of Ahar-Vihar and Yoga to maintain and promote health, balance & happiness in Swathavritta. Wellness is one of the most important issues of life, wellness means a state of being and feeling healthy & well. In the current scenario, most of the Indian population is consuming processed food which is having a tremendous amount of Trans fat sugars & other unhealthy and artificial ingredients. Junk food, alcohol & sedentary lifestyle are leading us to silent selfdestruction, making one in every five Indian men & women either obese or overweight. The concept of Ahar-Vihar&Yoga is one of the significant contribution of Swasthavrittain Ayurveda to maintain and promote health. In this article attempt has been made to reveal the exact role and action of Ahar and Yoga on Sthoulya. English Sthoulya, Ahar, Yoga, Obesityhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3160http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3160

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareRole of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Derivative Flaxseeds in the Treatment of Dry Eyes- An Overview English3540Dubey GEnglish Prabhu Avinash VEnglish Khan TEnglish Pant KEnglish Ragni KEnglishChandra MaheshEnglishIntroduction: Dry eye is the most common ocular disorder manifested by tear deficiency resulting in discomfort in eyes, visual disturbances, and instability in tear film with a surplus of alternative symptoms like burning of eyes, photophobia, tearing, ocular fatigue, and grittiness that hinder activities of daily living (ADL), therefore compromising the patient’s quality of life. Flaxseed is considered as an emerging food with nutritional characteristics loaded with essential polyunsaturated Omega-3 fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties. The evidence shows a beneficial effect of nutraceutical supplements containing omega-3 and its derivatives (18; 3n-3; ALA) rich in flaxseeds and relieves symptoms of dry-eye. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to summarize the scientific-based evidence on the role of polyunsaturated fatty acid derivative flaxseed in the treatment of patients suffering from dry eye syndrome. Methodology: The database collected from PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Cochrane library, Google scholar and research gate. Discussion and Conclusion: At present, there are varieties of buffered formulations containing electrolytes, surfactants, preservatives available in the market that aggravate the patient’s symptoms (tear film instability, poor epithelial healing) due to reported cytotoxicity. The nutraceutical, preservative-free supplements are, therefore, better alternatives for managing conjunctival dryness. The limited evidence and researches on flaxseed suggest standardized, well-designed Randomized Control Trials for delivering an accurate dose recommendation for dry eye patients. English Dry eye syndrome, Omega-3 fatty acid, Flaxseeds (18: 3n3: ALA), Lacrimal gland, Tear film, Visual discomforthttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3161http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3161

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareA Bird’s Eye View on Pharmacotherapeutic Progress of Indolizine-based Compounds in Context to Modern Scenario English4145Kishor R. DanaoEnglish Prajwal B. KohadkarEnglish Debarshi Kar MahapatraEnglish Ujwala N. MahajanEnglishIntroduction: Indolizine (INDO) is a bicyclic heteroaromatic compound containing two fused rings (10 pi-electron system); pyridine and pyrrole via bridging N-atom at the centre of both the rings. This scaffold exists very rarely in nature and is an isomeric form of indole. It is analogous of indole (isoelectrically resembles indole system) which has marked potency in the biological activity. The scaffold is also related to the heterocyclic compound purine which is the base of cellular organisms. The structure of INDO is found in many natural products and is important in the pharmaceutical area because of prominent biological properties. Aims: Highlighting the recent pharmacotherapeutic progress of indolizine-based compounds. Methodology: In the preparation of this review article, a comprehensive scrutiny of the published literature in diverse pharmaceutical and medical databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, etc. was successfully conducted and classified accordingly. Results: The derivatives of INDO have various applications in drug design, biological area, and pharmaceutical research. INDO is a pharmacological active moiety and broadly displays biological activities such as anti-microbial, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-depressant, anti-cancer activities, etc. The substituents on the INDO nucleus ring exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-tubercular, anti-histamine, CNS-depressant activity, etc. Conclusion: This imperative review article broadly highlighted the summary of the diverse pharmacotherapeutic potentials of INDO. This review will be a true inspiration for the medicinal chemists and pharmacologists in designing and screening lowmolecular-weight inhibitors of the INDO scaffold. English Indolizine, Derivatives, Pharmacology, Therapeutics, Targets, Inhibitorshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3162http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3162

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareEmergency Contraceptives: A Response from Nurses English4650Seema JainEnglish Komal AnandEnglishBackground: Emergency contraception (EC) is defined as the use of a drug or device to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse and thus can reduce unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortions. EC is used after the unprotected sex, unlike other regular methods of contraception which are taken before the sexual act. Appropriate knowledge of EC among health care professionals is required as EC are the only method that can be used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive accident. Aims and Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding emergency contraceptive pills among Nursing students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on Nursing students. Nursing students of all four years who were present and given consent on the day of data collection were recruited for the study. A pre-designed pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and attitude practices regarding emergency contraceptives among nursing students. Data thus collected were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Out of a total of 297 nursing students who participated, 90% have heard about emergency contraceptives. Very few were aware of the various methods available for emergency contraception. Only 35.4% knew about the correct timings of their use. The majority had the misconception that EC can be used to induce abortion and as a birth control measure. 67.4% showed a favourable attitude towards advising a woman to use EC when needed. 24.8% said that EC was advised by them to patients or relatives. Conclusion: Although the awareness about emergency contraceptives is high but the knowledge regarding correct timings and usage is poor. English Emergency Contraceptives, Levonorgestrel Pills, Nursing students, Unwanted pregnancieshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3163http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3163

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareOccupational Hazards Associated with Welding Work That Influence Health Status of Welders English5155Mayur Bhaskarrao WanjariEnglish Pratibha WankhedeEnglishWelding apprentices invest in their vocational and technical training. The welding job has numerous risk factors, including physical, chemical, and psychological. Exposure to these conditions may contribute to specific health problems and occupational hazards. Most welders learned to weld by apprenticeship, without any structured educational system in health and safety and a small number of welders is trained by trainers and certification course. Among some of the health-related problems that are led by welding work are skin burn, lung diseases, eye problems, hearing problems, heart problems, and musculoskeletal disorder. Welding work has various occupational health hazards because of the lack of using personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment is a significant contributor to the prevention of various occupational health hazards. Physical morbidity profile of welders estimated 562000 employees are at risk for exposure to chemical and physical hazards according to Occupational Safety and Health Administration research. In 1993, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 58 deaths from welding and cutting accidents involving fires, electrocutions, asphyxiation, falls, and crushing injuries. Present overview of physical morbidity of welders are a low number of Publications about apprentices welding are a requirement for knowledge improving and give health promotion education to welders. English Certification, Hazard, Personal protective equipment, Risk factor, Training program, Welding apprenticeshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3164http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3164

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareAssessment and Prevention of Dental Caries in Children Who Were on Artificial Feeding English5658Jalilova Fariza RasuljanovnaEnglish Murtazaev Saidmurodkhon SaidialoevichEnglishBackground: Dental caries is among the most frequently occurring dental diseases in children. In the present study, we assessed the prevention of dental caries in children who were on artificial feeding. Methods: The present study was conducted on 1560 children age ranged 3-5 years of both genders and assessment of dental caries was done using dentition status and treatment need as per criteria laid by World Health Organization (WHO). Results: Out of 1560 children, boys were 840 and girls were 720. Age group 3 years had 120 boys and 160 girls, 4 years had 270 boys and 300 girls and age 5 years had 450 boys and 260 girls. Out of 840 boys, 360 had caries and out of 720 girls, 390 had caries. The mean dm ft score in boys was 1.60± 0.58 and in girls was 1.54± 0.56. Maximum caries was seen in which age of starting of bottle feeding was English Bottle feeding, Dental caries, Pit, Fissurehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3165http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3165

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcarePicnogram: Game of Logic and Mathematics for Dementia Patients English5963Vinothini KasinathanEnglish Aida MustaphaEnglish Nur Sarah Adha AdamEnglish Akansha MandhanaEnglishDementia research has shown that there is no definite cure for this disease. It is also known that increased levels of brain activity would evade chances of getting a patient in worse conditions. This study proposes an Android-based mobile game that is designed to increase brain activities among the users especially the dementia patients, as this game involves logic, mathematics and problem-solving skills. In addition to strategizing for the gameplay and the aesthetical attribute of the gaming application called Gamentia, the underlying challenge would be how to engage senior citizens or older adults with no prior experience in using computer or mobile device. EnglishDementia, Mobile, Bran cells, Logic, RAD, Gameplayhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3166http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3166

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareThe Inhalant Behaviour Ngelem of Punk Community Members English6467Ridwan M. ThahaEnglish Ida Leida MEnglish Andi Selvi YusnitasariEnglish Ratna Jannatin MAEnglishIntroduction: Narcotics, Psychotropics, and other Addictive Substances (NAPZA) abuse is the use of one or several types of NAPZA regularly beyond the limit of medical indications, causing physical health, psychological and social functioning disorders Objective: To know how punk communities influence the inhalant behaviour ngelem of punk community members. Methods: Design of qualitative research conducted by observation and in-depth interviews toward 20 main informants and six key informants. Informants of this research are the punk community members in Makassar City. Results: The punk community provided an inhalant stimulus and made members of the punk community give an operant conditioning by following the behaviour. They do not get rewards, but punishments such as prohibitions and suggestions to stop the inhalant behaviour ngelem from other punk community members. They get health problems as well, such as shortness of breath, dizziness, and headache. As a result, some informants decided to stop the activity, and some of them remained ngelem. Conclusions: Lack of knowledge about the danger of inhalant behaviour ngelem makes them not refuse the stimulus, let alone invite fellow punk community members to refuse the behaviour. EnglishInhalant behaviour ngelem, Stimulus, Punk community membershttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3167http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3167

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareNeuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster English6875Sindhu Priya E SEnglish Roopa P NayakEnglish Prema SaldanhaEnglish Mohan B JEnglish Ashwini PrabhuEnglishObjectives: In the present study, we have demonstrated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of certain substituted hydrazine pyrazolones. Methods: The compounds were synthesized and characterized by spectral data by reported methods. The antioxidant ability of the compounds was confirmed through in vitro antioxidant (DPPH scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing activity) studies. In vivo neuroprotective activity of the test, compounds were determined in Drosophila melanogaster Oregon K (OK) adult male flies. Oxidative stress was induced by using paraquat (PQ). Edaravone (EDA) was used as a standard for studies. Results: Compound C4 was efficient in the modulation of lipid peroxidation marker levels such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroperoxide (HP). Glutathione (GSH) levels were elevated in C4 treated flies significantly. The modulatory effect on enzyme antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was observed in compound pretreatedflies. Pretreatment of compounds through dietary feeding and co-exposure to PQ showed a lower death rate in flies. The neuroprotective efficacy of the compounds was confirmed through a negative geotaxis assay. Conclusion: Flies treated with compounds and PQ co-exposure showed improvement in motor activities, suggesting the neuroprotective potential of pyrazolone derivatives. This might be due to their antioxidant ability while the precise mechanism of action needs further investigations. Among the tested compounds, C4 showed significant antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. EnglishNeuroprotection, Drosophila, Oxidative stress, Pyrazolone, Paraquat, Antioxidanthttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3168http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3168

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareCorrelation of Serum Malondialdehyde and Total Antioxidant Capacity Level among Stroke Patients: An Observational Study English7680Sangeeta Sanghamitra BhanjaEnglish Nihar Ranjan MishraEnglish Rama Chandra DeoEnglish Sarthak Ranjan NayakEnglish Saurjya Ranjan DasEnglish Subhashree RayEnglishEnglishStroke, Serum malondialdehyde, Serum total antioxidant, Glasgow Coma Scale, Analysis of variancehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3169http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3169

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareA Review on Phytomedicine and Their Mechanism of Action on PCOS English8190Sudhakar PachiappanEnglish Kothai RamalingamEnglish Arul BalasubramanianEnglishIntroduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by gynaecological endocrine and metabolic abnormality of women at reproductive ages. It is established that hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, menstrual abnormalities, and chronic absence of ovulation of polycystic ovary are commonly associated with symptoms. It might indicate the multidisciplinary approach for the therapeutic management of PCOS. Conventional medical management concentrated single symptom, is often associated with the side effect, maybe contraindicated and ineffective in some conditions. So far women with PCOS have expressed a desire for alternative medicine. Ayurvedic medicine has been emerging as one of the commonly practised medicines for different health problems, including PCOS. Objective: In this review, an attempt has been made to study the use and mode of action of potential Ayurvedic drugs for the treatment of PCOS. Method: This review is mainly based on the scientific literature search. The first search on plant possesses multiple effects against PCOS reproductive and metabolic complications. Selected plants from the first search were used as a keyword for the second search. Result: They include Cinnamomum zeylanium, Gymnema sylvestre, Mentha spicata, Pergularia daemia, Saraka indica, Saw palmetto, Tribulus terrestis, and Withania somnifera. The second search sought the reproductive endocrinal and metabolic demonstrated mechanism of the selected plants. Conclusion: This review supports the alternative Ayurvedic medication as a standard effective and safe drug in the management of PCOS. EnglishMedicinal Plants, PCOS, Anti-androgenic, Insulin resistance, Menstrual irregularity, Mechanism of actionhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3170http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3170

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareGemfibrozil Halts the Nicotine Mediated Acute Kidney Injury in Rats: Role of Hyperlipidemia and Oxidative Stress English9197Vishal Arvind ChakkarwarEnglish Pravin KawtikwarEnglishBackground: Genfibrozil capable to attenuate the nephrotoxicity by controlling oxidative stress and proinflammatory molecules in rats. Objective: The present study investigated the possible effect of gemfibrozil (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α agonist) in nicotine-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Methods: Nicotine (2 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) was administered for 4 weeks to induce AKI in rats. Lipid profile and renal oxidative stress were measured and along with serum and renal tissue nitrite levels. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and microproteinuria were estimated along with the kidney histology, as markers of kidney function. Treatment with Gemfibrozil (30 mg/kg per oral, 4 weeks) was initiated 3 days before the administration of nicotine and continued for 4 weeks from the day of administration of nicotine. Results: Nicotine administered rats developed apparent AKI confirmed by elevated markers of kidney function and noticeable glomerulosclerosis and tubular cell degeneration. Nicotine altered lipid profile, decrease oxidative stress, assessed in terms of increase in serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and a marked decrease in tissue reduced glutathione. However, gemfibrozil significantly prevented the development of nicotine-AKI by reducing serum creatinine, BUN, and urinary protein, normalizing the lipid profile, reducing renal oxidative stress, and concentration of serum and renal nitrate levels. Conclusion: Gemfibrozil offers superior therapeutic options against nicotine-induced AKI, suggesting a possibility of the nephroprotective action mainly mediated through its antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and maybe potential to submaximal eNOS expression activation. EnglishNicotine, Gemfibrozil, Acute kidney injury, Nephroprotectivehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3171http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3171

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareDevelopment of a Rapid Chemometric Reverse Phase HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in Bulk and Tablet Formulation English98108Sangameshwar B. KanthaleEnglish Sanjay S. ThonteEnglish Sanjay S. PekamwarEnglish Debarshi Kar MahapatraEnglishIntroduction: Developing and optimizing isocratic HPLC methods is a difficult procedure that requires simultaneous determination of several factors. Objective: To develop a simple, accurate, rapid, and precise chemometric-assisted RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Paracetamol (PARA) and Ibuprofen (IBU) in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulation. Methods: The method involves the design of experiment (DOE) approach for the optimization of the mobile phase by keeping in concern about the dependent variables (flow rate, methanol, and pH) and their consequence was perceived over the retention time (Rt) and resolution of drugs. Results: Based on the trial runs, the optimized condition generated by the software was used for the separation of PARA and IBU on Thermo C18 Column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm). The chromatographic separation was achieved by using the optimized mobile phase consisting of methanol and sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (88.3: 11.7 % v/v), adjusted to pH 2.5, delivered at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and the detection was carried out at 222 nm. The retention time (Rt) was found to be 2.241 minutes for PARA and 3.535 minutes for IBU. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The calibration curves of PARA and IBU were found to be linear in the range of 6.5-39 μg/mL and 8-48 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries for the two compounds were close to 100% at various levels. Conclusion: This method can be successfully applied for routine quality control analysis of these drugs in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. EnglishParacetamol, Ibuprofen, RP-HPLC, Quality-by-Design, Degradation, Validationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3172http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3172

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareEffectiveness of Listening to Background Music on Recall Ability Among High School Students English109113Savita PohekarEnglish Vaishnavi JoshiEnglish Vaishnavi KantodeEnglish Ravina KardekarEnglish Mayuri KelzarkarEnglish Muskan KhanEnglishBackground: Background music refers to music played during some activity by the listener. There are few studies which evaluated the effect of music therapy on academic performance and this impact was not taken into account high school students. The aim of this study was thus to deal with this imbalance by evaluated its effect on cognitive tasks of declarative memory and speed of processing in high school student with the help of background music. Objectives: To evaluate the recall ability of high school students from the influence of background music and associate the efficacy of background music with high school pupils’ ability to remember with selected demographic variables Methods: The study was performed on 60 randomly selected high school students using a random sampling technique, the organized interview schedule was used to collect the demographic characteristics and nonsense word test used to check their recall skills. Results: The overall comparison of test 1 and test 2 shows that the tabulated value for n=60-1 i.e. 59 d.f. is 2.00 which value is lower than estimated i.e. 11.98 at 5% level of significance for overall non-sense test score which is a statistically acceptable level of significance. A significant association was found between listening to background music on recall ability of high school students with selected variables such as age, sex, and area of residence. Conclusion: We conclude therefore that background music on high school student’s ability to recall was effective. EnglishEfficacy, Background music, Potential to remember, Students of high schoolhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3173http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3173

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareRole of Nutrition in Mental Well-Being English114119Kuldip KumarEnglish Kapil BansalEnglish Shaily MinaEnglishIntroduction: A healthy lifestyle plays a pivotal role in maintaining a healthy mind. Dietary balance acts as a major modifiable factor for overall health. Research has shown more risk for metabolic syndrome, cardiac illness, endocrinal disorders, respiratory infections in patients with mental illness (due to medications (an adaptation of an unhealthy lifestyle). Objective: To highlight the various dietary supplements role in patients suffering from various psychiatric illnesses. Methods: Various search engines were explored like PubMed, PsycInfo, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, Scopus, and GoogleScholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Result: Various dietary supplements play the role as an augmentation therapy or as the main treatment in milder/initial cases depending upon the state of the psychiatric illness. Conclusion: We should also emphasize on the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle (regular exercise, diet, sleep) along with the regularity of the treatment. Treating doctor should also attempt to include these dietary supplements in patient’s treatment to increase the efficacy of the medication and in turn, decrease the side effects due to the medications. EnglishNutrition, Diet, Lifestyle, Mental health, Psychiatric illnesshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3174http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3174

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareDoes Obesity Lead to Sciatic Pain: A Comparative Study English120125Milind Abhimanyu NisargandhaEnglish Shweta Dadarao ParweEnglishBackground: Obesity leads musculoskeletal problem which is affecting the Spinal disorder are related to low back pain. This is more affected in obese people with the impact of workload. The Sciatica is a clinical condition characterized by severe pain started from the low back region and radiating down along the course of the leg. Very few studies were conducted in the Indian population. Therefore, an attempt has made to study the NCV in obese patients of sciatica pain common. To the observer the relation of overweight and obesity with sciatica pain. Methods: The study was carried in the physiology department in which we have included 100 patients, which was suffering sciatica. The patients were evaluated for the straight leg raising test (SLR) positive. These patients were referred to the NCV based on BMI for rule out the obesity. NCV study was done on RMS EMG EP Mark-II. Result: The mean value of Motor nerve conduction velocity was 51.79+3.46 in a normal subject and it was 48.02 + 5.17 on the in an obese subject which was significantly decreased. Conclusion: We conclude that obese patients are increases risk of radiating pain which is specific in men and women. Taking into consideration the recent situation of worldwide obesity we emphasis on the does obesity lead to sciatic pain. We found sciatic neuropathy in obese patients. EnglishBMI, Nerve conduction velocity, Overweight, Obesity, Sciatica, Straight leg rising testhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3175http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3175

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareThe Third Trochanter of Femur - An Anatomical Study English126128Gyanaranjan NayakEnglish Saurjya Ranjan DasEnglish Sitansu Kumar PandaEnglish B Shanta KumariEnglishBackground: The third trochanter is a rounded, linear or conical projection along the superior border of gluteal tuberosity of the femur. Purpose of the study is to find the frequency of the third trochanter in human femora and determine its dimensions and its distance from the tip of greater trochanter of the femur. Methods: Sixty dry human femora (thirty right and thirty left) were examined for the presence of third trochanter, their dimensions and their distance from greater trochanter being measured by slide calliper. Results: The third trochanter was noted in 21.66 % cases. Their mean length and width were found to be 2.61 ± 0.97 cm and 0.96 ± 0.15 cm respectively. The average distance of the third trochanter from the tip of the greater trochanter was found to be 6.81 ± 0.64 cm. Conclusion: The current study will be useful in anthropometry and orthopaedics. EnglishAnthropometry, Gluteal tuberosity, Third trochanterhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3176http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3176

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareEffect of Turmeric on Serum Malondialdehyde in Oral Submucous Fibrosis English129135Tejashree D. KapgateEnglish Rahul R. BhowateEnglish Suwarna DangoreEnglish Mrunal MeshramEnglish Vidya K LoheEnglishIntroduction: Betel nut consumption with or without tobacco and betel nut infested with Aspergillus flavours, generates free radicals and reactive oxygen species, which in turn induces a high rate of lipid peroxidation. Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a highly recognized marker of lipid peroxidation. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of turmeric on increased lipid peroxidation by using serum MDA level & as a surrogate outcome on clinical signs & symptoms of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Material and Methods: Total of 150 subjects was divided into 4 groups. Group A: 30 subjects suffering from OSMF were treated with turmeric and counselled for stoppage of habit, Group B: 30 subjects suffering from OSMF were treated with turmeric and NOT counselled for the cessation of habit, Group C: 30 subjects suffering from OSMF did not keep on turmeric medication but counselled for stoppage of habit, Group D: 30 cases were betel-nut habitual without OSMF and Group E: 30 healthy control subjects. Results and Observations: Statistically significant reduction of Serum MDA levels post-treatment in group A patients as compared to group B & group C (pEnglishOSMF, Betel-nut, Lipid peroxidation, Malondialdehydehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3177http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3177

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareThe Use of Risperidone-combination and Haloperidol-combination in Schizophrenia Patients; a Cost Utility Analysis in Psychiatric Hospital of Prof. V. L. Ratumbuysang English136141Nety Daud KaraengEnglish Andi Ilham MakhmudEnglish Kristian LiauryEnglishIntroduction: Various clinical factors related to the life quality of schizophrenic patients have been reported. Objective: This research aims to evaluate the cost and utility of the use of risperidone or haloperidol combinations on schizophrenic patients in the cases at Prof. V. L. Ratumbuysang Psychiatric Hospital North Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. Methods: This is an observational study with a Cohort design. Sampling was done using a purposive sampling method for all 82 patients and finally obtained 22 patients for the risperidone-combination group and 28 patients for the haloperidol-combination group. Data were collected from patient’s medical records by using retrospective approaches from April to July 2018 and prospectively by using a short-form questionnaire. The utility based on the quality of life was assessed by the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire. The quality-adjusted life years (QALY’s) for haloperidol-combination were recorded as 0.433 which more high than the risperidone-combination group, which recorded as 0.423 Average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) for the risperidone-combination group was IDR 5.813.716,13/QALY’s, which more cost-effectively than the haloperidol-combination group of IDR 6.454.822,17/QALY’s with the record of incremental cost-effective ratio (ICER) of IDR 33.573.600/QALY. Results: The result of sensitivity test to 25% total cost increase for the risperidone-combination group (IDR 7.267.145) and the 25% total cost decrease for the haloperidol-combination group has changed in ACER values with compared to the baseline of the risperidone-combination group. Conclusion: Risperidone-combination is the dominant therapeutic choice related to cost and QALY’s in the treatment for schizophrenic patients. EnglishCost-utility, Schizophrenia, Risperidon-combination, Haloperidol-combinationhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3178http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3178

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareDiagnostics of Dysthymic Disorders and Therapy of Patients with Opium Addiction with Anxiety-Depressive Variant of Post-Withdrawal Syndrome English142147Sultanov Sh.H.English Tursunkhodzhaeva L.A.English Khodzhaeva N.I.English Abdullaeva V.K.English Nurkhodjaev S.N.EnglishIntroduction: The problem of diagnosing depressive disorders in patients with opium addiction is of a certain difficulty since the frequency of detection of these conditions and their diagnostic differentiation differ significantly. Objective: Our study aimed to study the clinical picture of dysthymic pathology in patients with opium addiction with an anxiety-depressive variant of the post-withdrawal syndrome. Method: We examined 296 patients with opium addiction (from anamnesis, as well as in the clinical picture of withdrawal and post-withdrawal syndromes), the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 - patients with dysthymic pathology - 93 (31.4%) and 2 comparison group patients without dysthymic pathology - 203 (68.6%) patients. We compared the indicators of the patient’s affective scales in the withdrawal and post-withdrawal syndromes. Results: Treatment of patients with opium addiction with dysthymic disorders with escitalopram revealed a positive dynamics of emotional disorders of post-withdrawal disorders with the restoration of good mood. This improvement is significantly more pronounced than in the patients of the comparative group treated with amitriptyline. Conclusion: It should be noted that the improvement in mood, the disappearance of anxiety is not accompanied by the stimulation of craving for the drug. Digital indicators showed a decrease in the intensity of pathological craving for drugs, at the same time an increase in working days, an improvement in social adaptation and family recovery was recorded. The antidepressant escitalopram reveals the absence of side symptoms in its use, which is of great importance in the clinic of post-withdrawal states. EnglishDysthymic disorders, Opium addiction, Withdrawal syndrome, Post-withdrawal syndromehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3179http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3179

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareEvaluation of Functional Outcome of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis in the Management of Proximal Tibial Plateau Fractures English148151Santosh Kumar SahuEnglish Abhishek PandeyEnglishBackground: The management of plateau fractures of the tibia with minimally invasive percutaneous plating osteosynthesis has been a revelation. It has avoided many complications such as a large surgical scar, disruption of musculo osseous vascularity. It has significantly enhanced the preservation of soft tissues circulation and biologic fixation mechanism. The management of these fractures patterns can be done with indirect manipulation and effective reduction techniques. Methods: The details of the patients were recorded soon after the admission process, after documentation of history and examining them clinically. The fracture patterns were classified as per Schatzger, radiologically. Two approaches were followed:-anterolateral and anteromedial for all the patients. The follow up was done in 6-8 weeks intervals. The period of study was from March 2018 to March 2020 which included 38 patients of the age group from 20-75 years. Results: Out of 38 patients, the maximum number of patients were of the age group from 20-50 years (68%). Schatzger’s type 4 and 5 constituted the maximum number of fracture types, as per classification associated with high velocity injuries.1patient had joint stiffness,2 patients had wound infection and the equal number of patients had varus deformity.26 patients showed excellent results, good results in 6 cases and fair and poor results were obtained in 3 cases each. Conclusion: MIPPO technique for fractures of the proximal tibia had a very good outcome in terms of healing and also facilitated strong bone union due to the advantage of biological preservation of fracture site and less tissue damage. EnglishProximal tibia fractures, Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis, Functional outcomehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3180http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3180

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareA Zone of Minimal Conflict: “The Neutral Zone” – Case Series with 6 Month Follow Up English152155Akanksha N BhandariEnglish Nilesh S. BulbuleEnglish Amit K JagtapEnglish Trunaya BhatlekarEnglish Amit NandiEnglish Shalu MondalEnglishIntroduction: The procedure of recording zone of minimal conflict tries to make a mandibular denture which is created by muscular function as well as is in harmonious relation with the adjoining perioral musculature. Aim: This article aims to describe the step-wise procedure followed in patients with resorbed mandibular edentulous ridges to construct complete denture by recording the neutral zone to enhance the stability of the mandibular denture. Methods: Detailed intraoral examination of the patients was done and coupled with the use of correct impression materials and techniques to record primary and secondary impressions were done. Neutral zone recording was done and mandibular denture fabrication was done accordingly. Results: Resorbed ridges make prosthetic rehabilitation difficult but can be made successful by proper planning and treatment approach. Close adaptability to basal seat contributes to improved stability which is emphasized by this technique by the use of a close-fitting tray and a viscous impression material. Secondary impression was made with elastomeric impression material to capture the details of the tissues. Though this technique is not a new one and also involves extra clinical steps, it is of significant value. Conclusion: The mandibular dentures which are constructed utilising the philosophy of neutral zone showed improved stability in resorbed lower ridges. EnglishNeutral zone, Resorbed mandibular edentulous ridge, Impression, Complete denture, Stability, Perioral musculatureINTRODUCTION Whenever there is the loss of teeth and rehabilitation is planned it should be done in a way that allows efficient and comfortable functioning as well as be in harmonious relationship with the stomatognathic system and the temporomandibular joint.1 Loss of teeth can lead to multifactorial changes in the mouth like alveolar ridge resorption, expansion of the tongue, and looseness of muscle tone of the face.2 In case of the resorbed mandibular alveolar ridge, dental implants can impart better stability of mandibular complete dentures; however, it is not always feasible to provide dental implants due to systemic conditions, economical background or patient’s psychological condition.1 Neuromuscular control is said to be the major criteria for providing stability in mandibular complete denture because the available area for support is far less as compared to the maxillary support area. A very significant role in the stability of mandibular complete denture is played by the size, position of prosthetic teeth as well as the contours of the polished surface as they are likely to be affected to impaired forces from the tongue, lips and cheeks if placed in objection with the functioning of these structures.3 So there exists a space in the oral cavity when all the existing teeth are not present which is known as the Neutral zone/Potential denture space/Dead space/Zone of minimal conflict/Zone of equilibrium.3,4 This Neural zone has been defined as the potential space between the lips and cheeks on one side, and the tongue on the other that area or position where the forces between the tongue and cheeks or lips are equal.5 This technique of recording zone of minimal conflict is favourable for patients with multitudinous, unstable, unretentive mandibular complete dentures. The objective of this procedure is to place the teeth in such a way that the forces exerted by the tongue and the cheek muscles are balanced and the teeth remain in a safe, protected zone where it is dictated by the oral musculature that may vary from one patient to another.6 This article attempts to represent a simple yet effective method to attain the above qualities of the denture by using simple chairside dental materials and techniques which can be practised by every dental clinician. CASE-1 A female patient of age 55 came to the Department of Prosthodontics with a chief complaint regarding the inability to chew. She was completely edentulous since the past 7 years and detailed intraoral examination showed the presence of an atrophic edentulous mandibular ridge and moderately resorbed maxillary ridge (Figure 1). Case 2 A male patient of age 70 years reported to the Department of Prosthodontics, with a chief complaint regarding chewing difficulty. He was completely edentulous since the past 11 years and the medical condition stated that he was diabetic and was on the medications for the same. The intraoral examination revealed that the patient had thin resorbed mandibular ridge (Figure2). TREATMENT PLANNING After the completely evaluating patient’s history, radiographs, and present clinical scenario different options of treatment were discussed with both the patients. They included pre-prosthetic surgeries such as bone augmentation and vestibulopathy for implant-supported overdenture and conventional complete denture. But, the patients were not keen to undergo any kind of surgical procedure and thus chose for a simple complete denture. CLINICAL PROCEDURE Preliminary impressions were made with impression compound for the edentulous upper arch and admix technique which used impression compound and green stick in the ratio of 3:7 by weight which was suggested by McCord and Tayson for edentulous mandibular arch 7 using a metal stock tray.(Figure 2A) After disinfection of the impressions, the dental plaster was poured and primary casts were obtained.(Figure 2B) Fabrication of custom impression tray using self-cure acrylic resin was done on preliminary casts and border moulding was done for mandibular ridge using All Green’s method using green stick compound8. A small amount of material was removed from the crest of the ridge to provide space for impression material during final impression technique. Application of tray adhesive was done and kept to dry for a while. Final impressions of the mandibular ridge were taken with light body polyvinylsiloxane(Figure 2C). After disinfection of impressions; master casts were made using dental stone. (Figure 2D) Temporary denture bases were constructed using autopolymerising acrylic resin on the master cast. Followed by making occlusal rims of wax, jaw relation using tentative method & articulated (Figure 2E). After this procedure, new denture bases were made with acrylic stops in the molar region and the anterior region for moulding material while recording neutral zone (Figure 2F) at the same level of established vertical dimension. The neutral zone recording for the mandibular ridge was done as follows. The mandibular temporary denture base along with the softened green stick was then placed in the mouth of the patient. This custom tray was adjusted to ensure that it was not overextended and also tried to maintain stability during the opening, swallowing, and speaking. The further patient was instructed to pronounce vowel sounds i.e. aaa, eee, ooo, talk, swallow, drink some water, sucking, smiling, licking the lips, whistling, and counting. The extra amount of compound was removed, followed by softening of material and placing back into the mouth of the patient and was asked to repeat the functional movements. After a few minutes, when the impression was set it was taken out from the patient’s mouth and reexamined. The internal and external groups of muscles of facial expression have been brought into action by this method. In doing so, reciprocal forces which act on the compound, will slowly mould it into a state of neutral balance and also become centrally still concerning all of the forces of complex nature which act on it (Figure 3A). The impression of the neutral zone which was gained was then placed on the master model, cutting of location grooves was done on the model and then followed by covering with a putty index surrounding the impression on both the buccal and lingual sides (Figure 3B). The denture base withholding the recorded neutral zone material was removed from the index, molten wax was allowed to flow to obtain wax rim according to the putty index and arrangement of prosthetic teeth was done following the same index (Figure 3C). The prosthetic teeth were arranged within the matrices. Semi-anatomic teeth were chosen and the arrangement was done in laterally balanced occlusion scheme (Figure 3D). Nonanatomic teeth were chosen and arranged in monoplane articulation (Figure 3D). This was followed by checking of vertical dimension, centric relation, esthetics, and phonetics during wax denture try-in stage (Figure 3E). After the try-in was considered to be satisfactory by the dentist, the dentures were processed, finished and inserted (Figure 3F). Six months follow up was taken for both the patients and were evaluated for esthetic and phoneticevaluation,intraoral condition showed no mucosal changes and both patients were satisfied. DISCUSSION Creating secure and firm prosthesis is the ultimate aim for any clinician. Restoring the masticatory function and achieving esthetic satisfaction is cumbersome and difficult in cases having high degrees of ridge resorption. But this challenging condition is dealt with by meticulous attention to the small details and following the protocol properly. During this case, the preliminary impression was recorded using admix technique where impression compound and low fusing impression compound were mixed within the ratio of 3:7 by weight. By making use of low fusing green stick which has less compressibility of the tissues, better flow and handling characteristics it easier to record the details accurately.8 The border moulding was done by All Green’s method where the aim is to give maximum stability by covering maximum denture bearing area and selectively distributing the pressure over the complete denture bearing area. Firstly, the close contact of the custom tray tries to distribute maximum forces to the buccal shelf area. Second, the viscosity of the low fusing impression compound will try to remove any soft tissue folds as well as smoothen them over the lower jaw bone, thereby decreasing the possibility for decreased comfort which can arise from the “atrophic mucosal sandwiching” between the denture and the bone.9 This lower impression in the zone of minimal conflict was recorded so that the area where the denture may be placed is not subjected to unstrained destabilizing forces from the perioral musculature may be determined and so contributes to the stability of denture base.10 Arranging prosthetic teeth within the neutral zone helps us to attain two main points: 1. Artificial teeth don’t interfere with normal oral muscle function 2. Normal oral and peripheral structures may show muscular activity which may impart forces against the complete dentures and contribute to stability and retention of the prostheses.11 Recording neutral zone for the maxillary arch isn’t recommended as the amount of influence tongue has on maxillary dentures is relatively less than mandibular prosthesis with regards to stability. Also, the arrangement of the prosthetic lower teeth within this zone of minimal conflict guides to place the upper teeth within the same zone.10 Non-anatomic teeth chosen and articulated to monoplane occlusion scheme allowed the patient to clench in maximum intercuspation during functional, non-functional activities as well as assists in the stability of dentures.10 CONCLUSION The philosophy of zone of minimal conflict is based on the factors that for every patient, there is a significant area within the denture space where the muscular function can allow proper seating of the denture and also forces which are created by the tongue are neutralized by the forces created by the perioral musculature.Thus this article describes a novel technique in managing patients with resorbed mandibular ridges by making potential use of this denture space area. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors are grateful to the authors/editors/publishers of all those articles, journals, and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Nil SOURCE OF FUNDING: Nil Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3181http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=31811.Kaira LS, Dabral E. Anthropoidal Pouch technique for highly resorbed ridges. NUJHS 2013;.3:128-31. 2.Asnani P, Chandu GS, Mishra SK. Neutral zone technique in complete denture- Case report. J App Dent Med Sci 2015;1(1):15-18. 3. Ahmad J. Neutral zone in complete dentures: systematic analysis of evidence and technique. Smile DentJ2011;6:8-12. 4. Beresin VE, Schiesser FJ.The neutral zone in complete dentures.The company, Saint 1973;1–150. 5.Ferro KJ. The glossary of prosthodontic terms, J Prosthet Dent 2017; 117:105-8. 6. Saravanakumar P, Thangarajan S, Mani U, Kumar VA. Improvised Neutral Zone Technique in a Completely Edentulous Patient with an Atrophic Mandibular Ridge and Neuromuscular Incoordination: A Clinical Tip. Cureus 2017; 9(4):1-12. 7. McCord JF, Tyson KW. A conservative prosthodontic option for the treatment of edentulous patients with atrophic (flat) mandibular ridges. Br Dent J1997;182:469-72. 8. Herekar M, Sethi M, Fernandes A, Kulkarni H.A physiologic impression technique for resorbed mandibular ridges. J Dent Allied Sci 2012; 2(2):80-82. 9. Daniel S, Daniel AY, Kurian N. A modified physiologic impression technique for atrophic mandibular ridges. J Health Res 2017;4: 204-8. 10. Manoj SS, Chitre V, Aras M. Management of Compromised Ridges: A Case Report. J Indian ProsthodontSoc 2011;11(2):125-9. 11.Beresin VE, Schiesser FJ. The neutral zone in complete dentures. J Prosthet Dent 1967;36(4):356–367. 12.Prasad A, Hegde C, Prasad DK.A Study To Evaluate And Compare Oral Stereognostic Ability And Oral Tactile Sensibility Of Satisfied And Dissatisfied Subjects Wearing Complete Denture Prosthesis.Int J CurrRes Rev2012;4(6):139-45. 13.Russell AF. The reciprocal lower complete denture. J Prosthet Dent 1959; 9:180–90. 14.Deepika K, Bhatnagar A, Singh A et al. Fabrication of complete dentures using neutral zone technique in a patient with severely resorbed alveolar ridges - a case report. Int J Health Sci Res 2018;8(4):227-232. 15.Barrenas L, Odman P. Myodynamic and conventional construction of complete dentures: a comparative study of comfort and function. J Oral Rehabil1989;16:457-65. 16.Alfano, Leupold. Using the neutral zone to obtain maxillomandibular relationship records for complete denture patients. J Prosthet Dent2001;85:621-3.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareThe Vital Potential of Ayurveda in COVID-19 Pandemic English156160Shikha PawarEnglish Himanshu JoshiEnglish Deepak NandaEnglish Navin KumarEnglishBackground: The whole world is facing an unprecedented period of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite the efforts, the disease is continuously spreading. According to world meter, globally there are 6,341,034 active cases and 746,652 deaths as on 11 August 2020. Management: The developments of vaccines are underway, in such situation maintaining immunity is the only way to combat this infectious disease. The elements of pandemic require urgent control of all information frameworks accessible internationally. Utilizing the oldest science of medicine, Ayurveda paves away in this pandemic. It gives specific consideration to the host and suggests measures for a sound way of life. Ayurveda defines immunity as the ability to prevent infection and thereby maintain homeostasis. Conclusion: To deal with this pandemic situation using traditional medicine system, India can prove the strength of Ayurveda. EnglishCoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, Immunity, Traditional medicine, Ayurveda, YogaINTRODUCTION Coronavirus is a respiratory tract virus which was first identified in 1962 in the people who were suffering from respiratory tract infection.1 The virus was not considered fatal until 2002 when several cases of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were reported and lead to higher mortality. In 2003, various reports were published stating the spread of coronavirus to the 24 countries of the world including United States America, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Hanoi, Canada and others recording total 8,437 cases and 813 mortality.2-4 In December 2019, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was first identified in a group of pneumonia patients belonging to Wuhan city of China.5-7 As thousands of infection cases confirmed across the globe by this newly discovered virus; the World Health Organization declared it as pandemic on 11 March 2020. Since the virus caused infection similar to SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) so officially named as COVID-19.8 The human race is battling against this tiny enemy which is invisible to the human eye and can attack from anywhere. Thus made the world frightful and locked them into their homes. As the work on vaccination and medication are underway, so to protect oneself from infection building up the immunity is the only way to combat this virus. Ayurveda, the science of life: is one of the oldest medical systems in the world and traditionally used in India is the only possible medium to enhance immunity. The system of Ayurveda is based on a natural and holistic approach which utilizes the plant-based science.9 Genetic structure of coronavirus The coronaviruses (CoV) are non-segmented enveloped positive-sense single strands of RNA from 26.4 to 31.7 kilo-bases which belong to the family Coronaviridae and order Nidovirales. These viruses on electron microscopy appear as a crown (corona in Latin means crown) having club-shaped surface protein projections.10,11 They primarily target the upper respiratory tract and further affect the central nervous system, causing long-term neurological damage.12 The SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to β-coronavirus genus which shows 96% genome sequence similarity with bat coronavirus and 92% similarity with pangolin coronavirus,13 implies that novel coronavirus might have originated from bats. There are seven coronavirus species14 identified to infect human beings include: hCoV-229E (alpha coronavirus) hCoV-OC43 (beta coronavirus) hCoV-NL63 (alpha coronavirus) hCoV-HKU1 (beta coronavirus) MERS-CoV: β-CoV (beta coronavirus) SARS-CoV: β-CoV (beta coronavirus) SARS-CoV-2: β-CoV (beta coronavirus) Most human coronavirus infections are mild but in the last two decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) proved to be more fatal to humans. At present, COVID-19 infection are increasing day by day and proving to be life-threatening to the human race. Modes of transmission An infection occurs when there is an interaction between the host and the pathogen. The transmission of the pathogen can be by: Direct contact Indirect contact Airborne Indirect contact, the pathogen is transferred between the individuals without any intermediate agent. In indirect contact, the pathogen is transferred via a contaminated intermediate. Whereas in airborne; the transmission of the potentially infectious pathogen occurs through inhalation of droplets.15 The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread through airborne droplets when a healthy person comes in contact with the person already positive to the virus through sneezing and coughing. Many published articles suggest that the novel coronavirus enter the human body through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2)16 and thus makes one infected. Clinical features The most common clinical features of COVID-19 are fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, muscle pain and breathlessness. The infection can’t be identified in the initial stage as symptoms are similar to other respiratory infection but with time the disease may progress to pneumonia leading to failure of the respiratory system and ultimately leads to death of the patient.17 Diagnosis The SARS-CoV-2 infection can be detected by specific molecular tests, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, real-time PCR (RRT-PCR) on samples collected from the nasopharyngeal swab and throat swab. Serological kits are also available from different manufacturing companies which detect N-protein IgM and IgG antibodies present in human blood and serum samples.The imaging techniques utilized for identifying COVID-19 is CT and X-beam of the chest. CT scans are more sensitive and specific and generally shows infiltrates, ground-glass opacities and subsegmental consolidation. CT scan is also abnormal in asymptomatic patients or patients with no clinical evidence. Abnormal CT scans have been used to diagnose COVID-19 in suspect cases with negative molecular diagnosis and found to be positive on repeating the testing. Immunity Immunity is the ability of the body to obstruct the entry of the pathogenic invaders causing any type of disease or infection. A person who has compromised immunity is more susceptible to the infection. In such condition to maintain the immunity is very much important.13 Immunity can be a non-specific or specific type. When the immune system encounters pathogen for the first time; they prevent it by producing a large number ofnon-specific antibodies. While in specific type, a set of antibodies are produced against pathogens or antigen.18 Classification of Immunity Immunity can be classified into: Innate Immunity Acquired immunity Innate Immunity: This type of immunity is the first line of guard against any pathogen. It is the inborn ability of the body to fight against any invading organism. Whenever any micro-organism enters the body, the intrinsic resistance dispenses with it before building up any ailment. Innate immunity also called natural or non-specific immunity.19 Acquired Immunity: This type of immunity recognizes the attacking micro-organism like viruses, bacteria and so forth known and develops the antibodies specific to that pathogen. Acquired immunity is also known by as specific immunity. Acquired immunity is subdivided into20 a) Cellular Immunity b) Humoral Immunity a) Cellular Immunity This sort of immunity created by T-cells known as the antigen-explicit cells, produced in the bone marrow and found in the circulation system and lymphoid tissue. Whenever T-cells experience antigens introduced over antigen-presenting cells (APCs); they differentiate and multiply to initiate apoptosis. The cytotoxic T-cells, demolish the infected cells in a way to activate plasma B cells by producing IgG and IgM type of antibodies.20 b) Humoral Immunity In humoral immunity, specific reactions are produced against a specific antigen. When all the attacking microbes tend to increase in the extracellular space, humoral immunity gets activated and demolishes the micro-organism by producing specific antibodies against it. The humoral immunity gets activated when the circulating cells bind with the antigen (micro-organism) which activates antibodies producing cells and complement system which in turn recruits the phagocytic cells. These cells engulf the microorganism and the process is called opsonization.21 Pathogenesis of Immunity Any disease begins when a pathogen recognized by the immune system. The interaction between the pathogen and immune system influences the immune system cells; macrophages release lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species (RO.S.) to remove the microorganism from the host’s body. Cytokines are also activated along with leukocytes to remove the pathogens. As the pathogens enter the host body, interferons and natural killer cells demolish the infection tainted cells. This natural response initiates neutrophils against microorganisms. The macrophages ingest the microbes and release the monocyte to the kindled tissue. These process the antigen and produce specialized cells which inhibit the infection with the same micro-organisms. Whenever parasite attacks the human body, eosinophils release their granules to protect against infection.22,23 Ayurvedic pathogenesis of immunity Ayurveda relies upon the three Doshas i.e., Vata, Pitta, and Kapha (fig 1). These three doshas are balanced in a healthy individual but when these are imbalanced, and then at that point an illness develops. When vrishanu take subsequent passage to a healthy human body, it gets vibhajit in the raktadhatu (blood) and builds up the swasroga and from that point develops vrikkaroga. According to Ayurveda, the pathogenesis of immunity.24 In Dosha, at first Kaphadosha increments and causes the imbalance between Vata and Pitta. Dushya: it relies upon the status of Rasa dhatu (blood plasma), which prompts febrile conditions. Agni: develops due to the expansion in Kapha Dosh mandagni. Ama: if the Samaroga influenced by the Kapha Rog causes indigestion and makes Amaawastha, in an infected individual. Srotasmi: for COVID-19 infected individuals, there are two kinds of srotas- Pranavahasrota (respiratory entries) and Rasavahasrotas (blood plasma). Srotodushtiprakar: It is sanga which blocks and atipravritti which causes excessive flow. Sthana is Udbhavasthana (upper area) and Agantuja (outside factor) when Kapha is present in the chest region of the body. Vyakta infects the chest area in which Kapha is present i.e., lungs, sinuses, stomach, heart, blood, joints. Since no definite treatments are available and preventive measures are the only ways to protect one from getting affected by a novel coronavirus. Mode of Transmission:24 According to Ayurveda, the transmission of the disease takes place: Prasangat: with close collaboration. Gatrasamsparshat: physical contact with unhealthy people. Nishwasa: by inhalation of respiratory droplets of an infected individual. Sahabhojanat: sharing food. Sahashayya: resting together. Asana: sitting near one another. Vastra: sharing the same apparel. Malya:using tissue and towels. Preventive measures26,27 Following appropriate precautionary measures can prevent the spread of COVID-19: Regularly cleaning hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based (70% v/v) hand rub. Maintaining a safe distance form individual who is coughing or sneezing. Wearing a face mask and keeping respiratory hygiene. Cleaning the surfaces with disinfectant on regular basis. Face masks and respiratory hygiene Self-isolation if an individual feels unwell. Management Therapeutic treatment24 SarveAbhyanga: is thewhole body oil massage with Dhavantaramtaila, Dashmooladitaila, or karpooraditaila with rock salt Rukshasweda (dry warmth), nadisweda (steam managed locally through cylinders). PindaSweda (a hot herbalized rice balls) is applied over chest and back also used in the treatment. Vamana is done in a controlled way by a particular mix of Madanaphala decoction, yastimadhu, and Vacha. Anuvasana (oil-based douch) and Niruhabasti (decoction-based douches) are used for their laxative action. Nasal application of coconut oil or ghee in the nostrils is one of the suggested methods. Ayurvedic Herbs/ herbal formulation for maintaining immunity 28-30, 32 To maintain good health and prevent infection, detoxification is an exceptionally fundamental part which expels out the impurities and keeps the individual healthy. Various herbs/ herbal formulations (given in Table 1) suggested by AYUSH which assist in the detoxification are as follows: Yoga and Pranayama30,31 In India, yoga is practised and taught since ancient times. Yoga is a form of physical exercises (asana) and breathing exercises (pranayama). This holistic science of yoga help in stress management related disorders and promote immunity. Many research studies suggest positive health attributes of yoga Various yoga asana helps in improving physical and mental health. In this pandemic, SudarshanKriya yoga is the solution to boost immunity. It comprises of pranayama, yoga and meditation which improves the defence mechanism of the body. Daily practice for 20 minutes improves the immunity and makes an individual physically, mentally and emotionally strong. Routinely practices of breathing exercises (pranayamas) strengthen the lungs and also improve immunity as the novel coronavirus attacks the respiratory system. Such pranamayas are beneficial and also have a positive impact on psychological and physical well-being. Ujjayi Pranayama: This form of pranayama is the most common. In this, breathing is mainly focused at the base of the throat to increase the intake of oxygen. Kapalbhati Pranayama: This yogic breath keeping people healthy since ages. It is a part of eight limbs of yoga, compiled by Yoga Sutras by Sage Patanjali. This technique flushes out toxic air from the body and keeps mind, body and spirit healthy. NadiShodhan Pranayama: In this pranayama, individual concentrate on the normal breath for a few minutes and close right nostril with the thumb and breath through the left nostril. Alternatively, repeat the same process for left nostril. This strengthens the respiratory system and calms the mind. CONCLUSION The world is fighting to discover an answer for ending the pandemic as it has caused numerous causality due to the absence of defined treatment available. As prevention is better than cure, the Vedic science of Ayurveda narrates the preventive aspect of infectious diseases and focuses on building up immunity. It helped in developing resistance to the viruses and reduces the susceptibility to the infection; also prevent the deterioration of disease to a critical state.There is an incredible requirement for research on Ayurvedic drugs for future procedures to fix the pandemic like situation for the benefit of mankind. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We gratefully thank Graphic Era Hill University for all support and encouragement for writing this review. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. FINANCIAL FUNDING: None. Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3182http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3182 Sahin AR, Erdogan A, Agaoglu PM, et al. 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: a review of the current literature. EJMO 2020; 4:1-7. World Health Organization. The cumulative number of reported probable cases of SARS. 2003. https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/2003_07_11/en/. Accessed on 10 June 2020. Weiss SR, Leibowitz JL. Coronavirus pathogenesis. Adv Virus Res 2011; 81:85-164. Pal M. Severe acute respiratory syndrome: a newly recognized viral zoonosis of public health concern. Acta SciMicrobio2018; 1:1. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J.Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020; 395:565-574. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019. Accessed on 12 June 2020. Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG.Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ 2020;368:m606. Chen Y, Liu Q, Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J Med Virol 2020; 92:418-423. National Centre for Complementary and Integrative Health. 2020. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/. Accessed on 1 July 2020. Ksiazek TG, Erdman D, Goldsmith CS et al. A novel coronavirus associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:1953-1966. Interim guidance for environmental cleaning in non-healthcare facilities exposed to SARS-CoV-2. ECDC technical report. 2020.https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/coronavirus-SARS-CoV-2guidance-environmental-cleaning-non-h. Accessed on 7 July 2020. Tabish SA. Response to the challenge of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic. Technical Report2020. Larissa H. Immune System. 2019.https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/immune.html. Accessed on 9 July 2020. Centers for disease control and prevention. Coronavirus. 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/types.html. Accessed on 15 June 2020. Centers for disease control and prevention. How infections spread. 2016.https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/spread/index.html#tbs-2-2. Accessed on 17 July 2020. Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for lineage B β-coronaviruses, including 2019nCoV. Nat Microbio2020;5:562–569. TanuSinghal. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr2020; 87(4):281–286. Goldsmith CS, Tatti KM, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Comer JA, Lee WW, et al. Ultrastructural characterization of SARS coronavirus. EmergInfectDis2004; 10 (2): 320–26. Estola T. Coronaviruses, a New Group of Animal RNA Viruses. Avian Dis1970; 14 (2): 330–336. Kahn JS, McIntosh K. History and recent advances in coronavirus discovery. PediatrInfectDisJ2005; 24(11): S223–7. Mahase E. COVID-19: Coronavirus was first described in The BMJ in 1965. BMJ 2020; 16;369: m1547. JustizVaillant AA, Jan A. Physiology, Immune Response. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539801/.Accessed on 10 August 2020. Editorial. Pathogenesis: Of host and pathogen. Nat Immunol 2006;7(3): 217. The Gerson Institute of Ayurvedic Medicine. 2020. https://www.gersonayurveda.com/giamblog/2020/4/6/the-ayurvedic-approach-tocoronavirus-pathogenesis-possible-prevention-andtreatment. Accessed on 5 August 2020. Wikipedia. Covid-19 pandemic 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic. Accessed on 29 July 2020. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public. 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public. Accessed on 1 August 2020. More SM, Kharwade RS. Coordinated roadmap to grip Pandemic COVID-19. Coronaviruses 2020; 1. 10.2174/2666796701999200801023110. Venugopa V. Coronavirus outbreak: Ayush pushes ‘traditional cure’, med council backs modern drugs. The Economic Times. 2020. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ayush-pushes-traditional-cure-med-council-backs-modern-drugs/articleshow/74680699.cms. Accessed on 28 May 2020. Charak Samhita. JwaraChikitsa. 2018.http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Jwara_Chikitsa. Accessed on 28 July 2020. Art of living. 2020.https://www.artofliving.org/inen/ayurveda/coronavirus-prevention. Accessed on 20 April 2020. Sengupta P. Health Impacts of Yoga and Pranayama: A State-of-the-Art Review. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3(7): 444–458. Is Ayurveda the key to combat Coronavirus pandemic? Here’s all you need to know. ABP Live. 2020. https://news.abplive.com/news/India/coronavirus-outbreak-is-ayurveda-key-combat-covid-19pandemic-1194698. Accessed on 12 August 2020. D. Srinivasa R, Ch. R, K. Santa R. A Study on Covid-19 Situation in Andhra Pradesh: Current Scenario and Projections. Int J Cur Res Rev 2020; 12(17): 45-50.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareTNF-α Gene G308A Polymorphism: Frequency in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus English161165Sanobarkhon IrgashevaEnglish Talat SaatovEnglish Elvira IbragimovaEnglish Khamid KarimovEnglish Zafar IbragimovEnglish Timur AlimovEnglish Tokhir IshanhodjaevEnglish Zulaykho ShamansurovaEnglish Bakhodyr ZainutdinovEnglish Mukhammadjon MustafakulovEnglishIntroduction: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammation cytokine, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus due to involving into the regulation of insulin signalling. Overproduction of this cytokine in metabolic syndrome is linked to TNF-α promoter gene G-308A polymorphism. Objective: The work was initiated to measure the serum TNF-α concentrations and to determine the frequency of the Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene G308A polymorphism in Uzbek patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus Uzbek patients were observed. Results: In the group with diabetes fasting blood glucose and the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were 2.7 and 1.6 times higher respectively (both pEnglishType 2 diabetes mellitus, Cytokines, Tumour necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-? gene polymorphismhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3183http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3183

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareFormulation and Characterization of Antioxidant Phytosome Gel of Kersen Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) English166172Sandra Aulia MardikasariEnglish Nur illiyyin AkibEnglish SuryaniEnglish Rezki NahdiyatiEnglishIntroduction: Kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) provide a great source of antioxidant activity, but have poor bioavailability through the skin. The use of Phytosome Delivery System was one of the strategies to increase the penetration to the skin. Objective: This study aimed to develop the formula of Kersen leaves ethanol extract in Phytosome vesicles and to evaluate the stability of the phytosome Gel. Method: Evaluation of phytosome gel stability was performed by cycling test includes observation of the organoleptic, pH, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, and the last was centrifugal tests to see the occurrence of phase separation of the gel. Result: The results showed that phytosome of Kersen-leaves can be formulated in a gel dosage form with a concentration of Carbopol 940 at 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%. The formula of phytosome gel with gelling agent concentration 1% showed a good organoleptic, pH 6, the viscosity was 300 d.Pa.s, homogeneity, and there was no phase separation occurred after the centrifugal test. Conclusion: This study provides an alternative method for utilizing antioxidant compounds from nature. EnglishPhytosome, Cycling test, Centrifugal test, Muntingia calaburahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3184http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3184

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareKamal Patra as an Antidote in Dhatura Poisoning in Albino Mice - In Vivo Study English173178Asha KaikadeEnglish Anuja Vasant NagrareEnglish Sonali Dilip WairagadeEnglish Tanvi WairagadeEnglish Vinayak ShegaonkarEnglishIntroduction: Dhatura (Dhatura metel) is cerebrotoxic, Deleriant poison which is also classified as Upavisha in Ayurveda. Various poisons have been described in Ayurveda along with their antidotes. Mode of action of these antidotes is not mentioned in texts. In Ayurvedic literature According to Basavrajeeyam under the heading of Vish-Prativishani, Chincha Rasa and Kamal Patra churna have been described to be possessing antidote action which may act by some way to counter toxicity of Dhatura. It is necessary to verify the efficacy of these antidotes on scientific parameters so that it can be useful in emergencies. Objectives: To establish the action and mechanism of Kamal Patra Churna against toxic effects of Dhatura on albino mice. Methods: Swiss albino mice were selected as an animal model and antidote potential of kamal patra against datura poweder is evaluated by measuring body temperature, time of convultions and survival rate. Results: Kamal patra administration before datutal poisoning reduced the toxic effects of datura such as hypothermia, convulsion and increased the survival rates. Conclusion: From this study, we can conclude that Kamal Patra can resist the toxic effects of Dhatura up to some extent. EnglishDhatura, Kamal Patra, Agad, Toxicity, AntidoteIntroduction In the ancient era,Ayurvedawas considered as one of the advanced faculty worldwide. Agadtantra is the branch of Ayurveda which deals with the toxicity of various snakes, spiders, insects, rats etc. animals and its treatments. The word ‘Gada’ means poison and the antidote used is called as ‘Agada’.1According to modern science, Toxicologyis the branch which deals with the study of poison regarding theirsources properties, mode of action, symptoms which they produce, lethal dose, fatal period, treatment of their detection estimation & autopsy findings.2,3Dhatura (Dhaturametel) is cerebrotoxic, Deleriant poison which is also classified as Upavisha in Ayurveda.4,5 It is a genus of poisonous herbs shrubs, up to the height of 3–4 ft. This plant has been noted for intoxicating, narcotic properties, they produce temporary insensibility (stupefying effects) in ordinary doses. A bitter taste, dryness of mouth and throat, burning pain in the stomach dysphasia, headache and difficulty in talking are the first symptoms that are complained of. These are followed by giddiness, staggering gait, in the co-ordination of the muscles,the peculiar flushed appearance of the face, dry hot skin, photophobia, dilated pupils, delirium & drowsiness. Sometimes, exfoliations of the skin are seen over most of the body. The pulse becomes irregular and intermittent. In fatal cases drowsiness passes into stupor convulsions, coma, death occurs usually from respiratory failure. Various poisons have been described in Ayurveda6-8along with their antidotes. These antidotes are readily available in nature. Mode of action of these antidotes is not mentioned in texts.In Ayurvedicliterature according to Basavrajeeyam under the heading of Vish-Prativishani, ChinchaRasa and KamalPatrachurna has been described to be possessing antidote action which may act by some way to counter toxicity of Dhatura.9-11Kamal(Nilumbonuciphera) is a beautiful aquatic plant with a wide range of medicinal usage. It is Madhura,TiktaRasatmak and ShitaVirya hence reduces Pitta Dosha.12-14 Main chemical constituents of Kamal are Nuciferine,10-Nonacosanol, Nelumboside, Neferine, Nuciferin, NelumbineQuecitring, It is necessary to verify the efficacy of these antidotes on scientific parameters15 so that it can be useful in emergencies. Hence present study entitled “Kamal Patra as an Antidote in Dhaturapoisoning in micewas carried out to establish the action and mechanism of KamalPatraChurna against toxic effects of Dhatura on albino mice. Material and Methods: Collection of material Seeds of Dhaturametelwere collectedin December to January so at that time seeds can be collected from dried fruit. The collection of leaves of Kamal (Nelumbo nucifera) for the study was done. Collected leaves were dried in shade. The samples were used in powder form. Procedure – 1. Dhaturametel: 1gm coarse powder of Dhatura seeds choorna were extracted with 70% alcohol in the warm water bath with occasional shaking for ½ hr. in closed tubes, successively with the batches of 3,2 and 1 ml of alcohol. 10μl of the pooled extract was spotted on TLC plate silica gel F254,Merk and was developed in Toluene: ethyl Acetate: Diethylamine (7:2:1). Detection of Rf Values of the spot was done by using 5% methanolic sulphuric acid reagent. Rf value of visualized spots was given in table no.7 2) Nelumbo nucifera: 1gm coarse powder of KamalPatra Choorna were extracted with 70% alcohol inthe warm water bath with occasionalshaking for ½ hr. in closed tubes, successively with the batches of 3,2 and 1 ml of alcohol .10μl of the pooled extract was spotted on TLC plate silica gel F254,Merk and was developed in Toluene: methanol: pyridine (8:1:1). Rf value of visualized spots was given in table no.8 and 9 Animal Experiment Material for In Vivo study Swiss Albino mice of age 90-100 days and weight ranges 20-25 gm were procured. Poisoning was induced by Dhatura seed and test drug was kamalpatra powder. Determination of acute toxicity of Dhatura Acute toxicity test (LD50 determination) of the extract of Dhatura seeds is performed as per guideline of OECD in Swiss Albino mice. Determination of protective action of Kamal Patra against toxicity of Dhatura seed Reduction in mortality and change in behaviour of mice due to a lethal dose of Dhatura seed after administration of Kamal leaves are determined. Dose Calculation Dose Calculation for Albino Mice The conversion factor from man to mice is 0.0026 so according to this, all the doses were calculated. Dose for mice was obtained from the following formula Dose of mice = 0.0026 X Dose of Man Dose Calculation for Dhatura Seeds Human fatal Dose for Dhatura Seeds is considered as 100 – 120 crushed seeds i.e. calculated as 1400 mg. According to the conversion factor, fatal dose in albino mice for Dhatura is 3.64 mg Hence per kg wt. Fatal dose for albino mice = 03.64 x 50 = 182 mg/kg Dose Calculation for Kamal Patra Powder Human therapeutic dose of Kamal Patra is considered as 3 gm – 6 gm. According to the conversion factor, fatal Dose in albino mice for Kamal Patra is 7.8 to 15.6 mg The dose I: Per kg wt. dose for albino mice = 7.80 x 50 = 390 mg/kg Dose II: Per kg wt. dose for albino mice = 15.6 x 50 = 780 mg/kg Procedure Drug samples were converted into suspension by careful mixing with distilled water.Both drugs were administered orally.After administering the dose all animals were observed for 24 hours for toxic sign and symptoms or mortality up to 7 days.First preliminary drug toxicity study for Dhatura was done. In each group weight of each animal was taken and noted, simultaneously dose of Dhatura and Kamal Patra were calculated accordingly.Samples of Toxic drug and Antidote were given by oral route.After dosing; the animals were observed for 24 hrs and up to 7 days. Comparative observations were tabulated( Table 2). Group I: Acute toxicity of Dhatura Seed churna(N=6) Group II:Kamal Patra churna(Dose 1) + Dhatura Seed churna(N=6) Group III:Kamal Patra churna(Dose 2) + Dhatura Seed churna(N=6) Parameters: Change in Temperature Appearance of Convulsions Dilatation of Pupils Survival period(death) Results AND Discussion Analytical Study Laboratory experiments were carried out to obtain values of following parameters for Dhatura seeds, KamalaPatra the observation and results follow( Table1-5) Effect of poisoning and kamalpatar in animals Changes in body Temperature The observations were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA Test. The P-value suggested significant changes (Table 6A and B).The mean change in body temperature in group 1 was 38.14±0.43. While in Group 2 it reduced to 37.44±0.37 and further in Group 3 it reduced down to 37.08±0.33. The observations were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA Test. The P-value suggested significant changes.Further, the groups were compared with each other with the help of Tukey Kramer Multiple Comparison Test. Comparison of Group 1 with Group 2 and Group 2 with Group 3 suggested statistically Non Significant changes. While Comparison of Group 1 with Group 3 suggested Mean difference of 1.0630 and Q value 4.798 which is statistically significant. Time of the appearance of Convulsions The observations were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA Test. The P-value suggested Non-significant changes ( table7A and B). The mean change in the time of appearance of Convulsion in group 1 was 153.32±7.33. While in Group 2 it increased to 159±4.91 and further in Group 3 it increased up to 166.43±874. The observations were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA Test. The P-value suggested Non-significant changes. Further, the groups were compared with each other with the help of Tukey Kramer Multiple Comparison Test. Comparison of Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 suggested statistically Non-Significant ( Graph 1,2). Time of Dilation of Pupil The mean change in the time of dilatation of Pupils in group 1 was 111.89±6.79. While in Group 2 it increased to 119±6.04 and further in Group 3 it increased up to 133.58±7.57. The observations were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA Test. The P-value suggested significant changes. Further, the groups were compared with each other with the help of Tukey Kramer Multiple Comparison Test. Comparison of Group 1 with Group 2 and Group 2 with Group 3 suggested statistically Non-Significant. Comparison of Group 1 with Group 3 suggested Mean difference of 21.79 and Q value 5.50 which is statistically Significant. The observations were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA Test. The P-value suggested significant changes (Table 8A, B). Duration of Survival period The mean change in the time survival Period (Death) in group 1 was 370.36±24.99. While in Group 2 it increases to 402.35±17.88 and further in Group 3 it increases up to 424.51±22.72. The observations were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA Test. The P-value suggested Non-significant changes. Further, the groups were compared with each other with the help of Tukey Kramer Multiple Comparison Test. Comparison of Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 suggested statistically Non-Significant. Further, the groups were compared with each other with the help of Tukey Kramer Multiple Comparison Test. Comparison of Group 1 with Group 2 suggested Mean difference of 31.99 and Q value 2.51 which is statistically Non-Significant. Comparison of Group 1 with Group 3 suggested Mean difference of 54.15 and Q value 4.25 which is statistically Non-Significant. Comparison of Group 2 with Group 3 suggested Mean difference of 22.16 and Q value 1.73 which is statistically Non-Significant. The observations were analyzed statistically by one way ANOVA Test. The P-value suggested Non-significant changes ( Table9A and B). Conclusion Dhatura is neurotoxic cerebral deliriant poison which is also classified as Upavisha in Ayurveda with ‘9 Ds’ toxic effects.The active principle is dhaturine containing hyoscine, hyocymine and atropine. It blocks the acetylcholine receptors and thus produces sympathomimetic or parasympatholytic actions (Anticholinergic actions). In vivo study of Antidote properties of Kamal Patra shows, hyperthermia caused due to toxicity is significantly reduced, duration of the appearance of convulsions is increased slightlybut it is statistically insignificant, duration of dilatation of the pupil is significantly increased, rise in duration if the survival period is statisticallyinsignificant but a slight rise was seen in it. Financial Support and Sponsorship Nil Conflicts of Interest There are no conflicts of interest Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3185http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3185 Amarasimha; Amarakosha; 4thEd, edited by Pt Haragovinda Shastri; Varanasi; Chaukhambha Sanskrit Samsthan; 2001. Agnivesha, Revised by Charaka and Dhradabala; Charak Samhita with The Ayurveda – Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta, Edited by JadavajiTrikamji Acharya, ChaukhambhaSurbharatiPrakashan, 2000. Sushruta; Sushruta Samhita; with the NibandhaSangraha commentary of Sri Dalhanacharya; Reprint edition, Edited by JadavajiTrikamji Acharya, Varanasi; ChaukhambhaSurbharatiPrakashan; 2012. Shastri A, Sushruta Samhita, Choukhmba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, edition 2011. Vagbhata, Ashtanga Hridaya, With the Commentaries Sarvangsundara of Arunadatta and Ayurvedarasayana of Hemadri, edited by S.S.Paradakara, 9th Ed., ChaukhambhaSurbharatiPrakashan, 2011. Sharangdhar P, Sharangdhar Samhita: -[Hin.] Edi. By Pandit ParasuramaSastri, ChaukhambhaOrientalia, Varansi, Edition. 2012. Shastri K, Rasatarangini, 11th edition, Motilal Banarasidas Delhi, 1976 Nighantu M, LaxmivyankateshKayan Publication Mumbai, 1962 Sharma P, Kaiyadev Nighantu, Ist Edition, Choukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi Nighantu B:With Vidyotini Hindi Commentary Edi. By Pandey, Chaukmbha Bharati Academy; Varanasi, Ed. 2010 Mahajan B. Methods In Biostastics, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Limited, Noida, 2004, 7th Edition, 2010. The Wealth of India: Raw Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research New Delhi, 1962. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India: 1st Ed, Govt of India,The controller of publications, Delhi. Reddy S, The essentials of forensic medicine and Toxicology 28th edition Parikh’s Textbookof Medical Jurisprudence Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 6th edition CBS publishers anddistributors, New Delhi 1999

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareImpact of Living Condition on Mental Health During Lockdown: An Empirical Analysis English179184Utpal PalEnglish Manas Ku. SethiEnglish Sharmistha BhowmikEnglish Alpha Rajeswari PatraEnglish Saptami PalEnglish Subodh PalEnglishBackground: The spread of Corona disease has created different types of speculation in the mind of every human being. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared it as a Pandemic. To control the multiplicity of this virus, the Govt. of India declaredlockdown from 25th March-2020 and now it is in the unlock stage. During this nationwide lockdown, people all over the country are not able to move from one place to another. As a result, some persons have been living alone for a long time. They are deprived of meeting their near and dear ones. Objectives: This study aims at understanding the relationship between the living conditions of a person during lockdown with the different aspect of mental health; such as level of depression, level of anxiety and level of stress. Methods: Convenient Sampling is used for data collection through structured e-questionnaire. Chi-Square Test is used to study the level of significance among the different category of variables. Results: The analysis shows that p=0.003 between living condition and level of depression, p=0.036 between living condition and Level of anxiety and p=0.004 between living condition and level of stress. Conclusion: The living condition a person affects mental health. It has a great effect on the level of depression, anxiety and stress. The mental well being should be maintained with proper stress management activities. Conclusion: From this study, we can conclude that Kamal Patra can resist the toxic effects of Dhatura up to some extent. EnglishMental health, Lockdown, Depression, Anxiety, StressINTRODUCTION In India, the first confirmed Covid-19 positive casewas reported on January 30 in Kerala.The Govt. of India declared lockdown from 25th March-2020 after “Corona Virus has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 11thMarch-2020.1 With the aim of controlling the extent of this disease, the lockdown goes on extension and now it is in the fifth phase. “The Govt. of India is taking all necessary steps to counter the challenge and threat posed by the mounting pandemic of Corona Virus. With dynamic support of the citizens of India, the Govt. of India has been able to restrain the extent of the Virus in the country.2 During this nationwide lockdown, most of the people are unable to move from one place to another due to restriction in inter-state and intra-state transportation.3 Some of them are living along with their family member and spending valuable time with their loved ones. However, this lockdown affects adversely those who are living alone and far away from their family members. As a result, people are suffering from depression, anxiety, and stress. Some are involved in different types of activities to overcome the negativity of the pandemic situation. Some are living as usual and some are involving themselves in social work. The activities undertaken for stress management are listening to music, watching videos, doing exercises, reading books etc. Depression may be a disposition clutter that includes a diligent feeling of pity and misfortune of intrigued. It is distinctive from the disposition changes that individuals frequently encounter as a portion of life.5Stress could be a reaction to everyday pressures or an undermining circumstance, whereas uneasiness may be a response to the push. Uneasiness, which has no clear cause, tends to final longer and be more troublesome to treat.1 After reviewing the above-mentioned articles, it is observed that different authors have given their opinion on mental health during the pandemic situation in their study area. Some of them have used primary data and some through secondary data. Some authors used a statistical technique like regression model and some used factor analysis.6 So, the present study focuses on the gap that arises due to the study area. This paper is based aims at studying the living condition and its impact on mental well being of the various persons from different parts of India.7 This paper aims at understanding the impact of the living condition on mental well being during the lockdown, the Level of depression, anxietyand stress level among the respondents and to focus on the activities undertaken for positive mental health during the lockdown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data Sources Data are collected from the primary as well as secondary sources for the entire study. Primary Data is collected through a structured questionnaire via a google form. Secondary data is collected from the published articles, Govt. Websites, and e-articles of different private agencies. Sample Design, Size and Coverage Area The Convenient sampling technique is used for the study. Total 80 sample has collected for thestudy. The Sampling instrument used for data collection is structured e-Questionnaire.The samples are collected from the respondents of Assam and Odisha, India. Statistical Technique Used The frequency tables, descriptive statistics and chi-square test are used for data analysis and interpretation as per the objectives and hypotheses. Variables The Independent Variable is Living condition (Whether living alone or not?) and dependent variables are the level of depression, anxiety and stress. RESULTS The demographic factors and responses to the different variable. From the above diagram, 40% of the respondents are from 26-35years and almost 39% are from 18-25 years old. The 3rd highest responses received from 36-45 years age group. The least number is respondents are from the age group 46 to 55 years and no response received from the age group above 55 years (Figure 1A).Out of the total respondents, 62.5% i.e., 50 respondents are male and 37.5% i.e., 30 respondents are female (Figure 1B). From the total respondents, 41% are students/research scholars. 25% are government employees, 20% are businessman, 10% are private employees and only 4% are retired persons (Figure 1C). Out of the total respondents, only 21.3% are staying alone at far away from their family during this lockdown and 78.8% are staying with their family members during this lockdown (Figure 1D). Figure1. Demographic characteristics of the participants. A. Age-wise distribution of patients, B. Gende-wise distribustion, C. Classification based on profession and D. living status during lockdown. Effect on the mental behaviour Figure 2A depicts that 53.8% are moderately suffering from depression, 35% are normal and 11.3% are suffering from severe level of depression during this lockdown. It is clear that 50% of respondents are suffering from a moderate level of anxiety, 38.8% are normal and only 11.3% are suffering from a severe level of anxiety (Figure 2B). Figure 2C showed that 50% of respondents are suffering from a moderate level of stress, 33.8% are normal and 16.3% are suffering from severe stress during the lockdown. Figure1. Demographic characteristics of the participants. A. Age-wise distribution of patients, B. Gende-wise distribustion, C. Classification based on profession and D. living status during lockdown. Effect on the mental behaviour Figure 2A depicts that 53.8% are moderately suffering from depression, 35% are normal and 11.3% are suffering from severe level of depression during this lockdown. It is clear that 50% of respondents are suffering from a moderate level of anxiety, 38.8% are normal and only 11.3% are suffering from a severe level of anxiety (Figure 2B). Figure 2C showed that 50% of respondents are suffering from a moderate level of stress, 33.8% are normal and 16.3% are suffering from severe stress during the lockdown. Identificantion of activities for stress management Figure 3 shows that 33.8% are learning new skills during the lockdown, 31.3% are spending time by listening to music and viewing videos. 17.5% are doing yoga/exercise and 10% are engaging themselves in reading & writing more and only 5% are engaged in other activities for stress management. Table 1 indicates a side-by-side comparison of the descriptive statistics of the variables understudied. This helps usin making the following observations about the data: The total number of observation (N)is 80. The variables having the highest average is Activity for stress management i.e., 2.64, the second-highest inthe profession’s average i.e., 2.20 and averages of other variables are closely related. The Standard errors of all variables are very close. The highest value of standard deviation is 1.362 and the lowest value is 0.412. The highest variance lies inactivity for stress management i.e., 1.854. Inspecting tables 2 and 3, it appears that the two variables, a living condition during lockdown and level of depression are connected. As p=0.003, so the null hypotheses are rejected.It is concluded that living condition and level of depression during the lockdown. Inspecting tables 4 and 5, it appears that the two variables, a living condition during lockdown and level of anxiety are related. As p=0.036, so the null hypotheses are rejected. Therefore, a person's living condition and level of anxiety during a lockdown. Inspecting tables 6 and 7, it is clear that living condition and level of stress are related to each other in some way. As p=0.004, so the null hypotheses are rejected. Therefore, a person’s living condition and level of stress during the lockdown. Discussion: By analysing the data and its interpretation, the overall findings of the study are as below: Maximum numbers of the respondents are male. Most of the responses are lies between 18-35 years. The highest numbers of respondents are either students or research scholar. Out of the total respondents, most of the Govt. employees are living alone away from their family. The value of p is less than 0.05 in all the three hypotheses. Therefore, all the null hypotheses are rejected. There is a relationship between the living condition and level of depression during the lockdown. Living condition and level of anxiety are also related as per the interpretation of the data. Finally, the living condition during lockdown and level of stress are related. To manage the level of stress and improve the mental health conditions, people are engaging themselves in different activities like exercise, yoga, writing, reading, watching videos, listening music and learning different new skills. As the pandemic of coronavirus is still spreading all over the world, so it is not possible to predict its overall impact on mental health. The sample size is very small because it is not possible to reach out to all the respondents. So, the inherent limitations of e-questionnaire are existing in this study. The result may vary by analysing large numbers of sample and in the different study area. CONCLUSION From the above discussion, we conclude that this lockdown affects adversely those who are living alone and far away from their family members.As a result, people are suffering from depression, anxiety, and stress. There is a relationship between the living condition and level of depression during the lockdown.Living condition and level of anxiety are also related as per the interpretation of the data. Finally, the living condition during lockdown and level of stress are related.With the intention of managing the level of stress and improve the mental health conditions, people are engaging themselves in different activities like exercise, yoga, writing, reading, watching videos, listening music and learning different new skills. The Govt. has been taking different steps for the wellbeing of the people at a large as well as Institutional support is provided to the students to maintain positivity and motivate them during this pandemic. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references to this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors/ editors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed. Sources of funding: None. Conflicts of interest: Nil. Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3186http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3186Premierhealth. https://www.premierhealth.com/your-health/articles/women-wisdom-wellness-/anxiety-depression-stress-why-the-differences-matter.Retrieved May 25, 2020, 2. Douglas P, Douglas D, Harrigan D. Preparing for pandemic influenza and its aftermath: Mental health issues considered. Int J Emerg Mental Health 2009; 11:137-44. 3. Galderisi S, Heinz A, Kastrup M, Beezhold J, Sartorius N. Toward a new definition of mental health. World Psychiatry2015; 14(2): 231–233. 4. Krešimir C, Sinisa P, Marko Š, Ivan K. Impact of Human Disasters and Covid-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: Potential of Digital Psychiatry.PsychiatriaDanubina 2020;32(1): 25-31. 5. Shah K, Kamrai D, Mekala H.Focus on Mental Health during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Applying Learnings from the Past Outbreaks. Cureus 2020; 12(3): e7405. 6.Chittaranjan S. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Chances of a Mental Health Crisis in India.2020. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340846093_The_COVID-19_Pandemic_and_Chances_of_a_Mental_Health_Crisis_in_India/link/5f55c44d458515e96d35cdcd/download. (Accessed on June 2020). 7. Singh OP. Mental health of migrant laborers in COVID?19 pandemic and lockdown: Challenges ahead. Indian J Psychiatry 2020; 62:233-4.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareRefractive Error in Children English185188Hina Y. RodgeEnglish Shalini LokhandeEnglishRefractive error may occur if the eye fails to precisely focus a light beam from an element onto the retinal surface. The resulting image perceived by the individual is blurred and correction of the refraction is required to see clearly. Refractive deficiency is often known as “Short or Near-sightedness”, hypermetropia or hyperopia often called “Long or Far-sightedness”, presbyopia and astigmatism. Vision is vital in the development of the children as it enables children to engage with their atmosphere. The eyesight of pre-school children is vitally important since their sensory system continues to be developing and that they are danger of developing Amblyopia or Anisometropia. Additionally, refraction Defects are risk factors for different Ocular diseases. Uncorrected refraction errors are a significant reason for visual disablement and can result in productivity loss. Refractive error has been identified among vision problems alongside cataract, trachoma, onchocerciasis and childhood blindness, the diagnosis and treatment of which will offer tremendous savings and socioeconomic growth. About 150 million individuals worldwide have a visual disability due to uncorrected Refractive Error, 8 million of who are practically blind. In the year 2010, The refractive error impacted 1.45 billion men or 27% of the world’s population. By 2020, it is reported that only myopia will impact 2.5 billion individuals or one per cent of the population worldwide. Childhood Visual Impairment is amongst the common issues of school-age kids due to refractive error and the second most significant cause of treatable blindness. EnglishRefractive error, Risk factors, Children, Myopia, HypermetropiaIntroduction The human eye is a magnificent organ that gives us the sense of sight that allows us to see and know more about the world around us than we do with any of the other four senses. The learning target starts in infancy and the quality of a child's vision will have a significant effect on his / her ability to learn. It helps to decide an individual's future where eyesight has a significant part to play in. Also, planning the Youth professions are highly dependent on visual acuity, especially in the maritime, military, rail, and aviation industries. To avoid permanent damage, this requires premature identification and treatment of refractive defect.1 Refractive error (RE) is one of the commonest vision disability causes in the world and the second-largest cause of treatable blindness.2 Approximate 2.3 billion people worldwide have a refractive defect, but only 1.8 billion people have access to eye tests and effective treatment..3The World Health Organization (WHO) initiated management of refractive errors by 2020 and for its urgency puts it in the fifth position.4,5For the reduction of avoidable blindness in the Global Initiative 2020.Refractive errors were emphasized in combination Many vision problems include cataract, trachoma, and onchocerciasis.6 Different research in South India records the prevalence of refractive errors ranging from 5 to 25 percent.7-9Children of school age are an especially vulnerable group as the uncorrected blurred vision may have a drastic effect on learning and educational ability.10Those teachers who don't know the root issue the children are calling them lazy. Visual acuity screenings do not diagnose their outcomes may show an expected requirement for additional evaluation. Optical sight correction is of comparatively low-cost quality. The proportion of children with visual impairments due to refractive error can be used to determine the level of advancement in eye care services in a country. They also assume that, when wearing appropriate glasses at an early age, the severity of the refractive error issue requires a thorough evaluation of vision and correction. Although regional efforts are targeted at reducing blindness, the number of children experiencing refractive error continues to increase every day. This may be attributed to a lack of knowledge of the risk factors and risks caused by refractive errors.11 This situation was regarded as among the goals of ‘Vision 2020’: “Right to See”, a worldwide activity initiated by an alliance of NGOs and the World Health Organization, leading to the awareness of the tremendous need to fix refractive errors worldwide.12,13Refractive distortion is often referred to as a refractive error sprecise problem that focuses light rays on retina primarily because of eye shape.14 The four commonest refractive errors are myopia also called ‘Short or Nearsightedness’, hypermetropia or hyperopia also called ‘Long or Farsightedness’, Astigmatism and Presbyopia.14A refractive error is an ocular condition which is very common. This occurs when the body can't focus on visual stimuli.Blurred vision is the result of the refractive errors and often so extreme that it causes vision loss. Refractive error cannot be prevented, but eye tests may use to diagnosed and treat the new spectacles, contact lenses, or refractive operation. If the refractive error has been treated in time and by eye care experts, the complete production of good visual function is not impeded.15Correction is made in various forms depending on the defect, the age of the individual, the activity requirement.16 Definiation Refractive error, also referred to as a refraction error, is a problem that focuses light rays on the retina primarily because of the shape of the eye.14 TYPES OF REFRACTIVE ERROR Overuse of the eyes does not cause a refractive error or exacerbate it.17 Myopia (Nearsightedness): The ability to see things close by more clearly than things far away. Nearsightedness is typically hereditary and frequently observed in adolescence. Nearsightedness regularly an advance all through the adolescent years when the body develops quickly.17Myopia causes impaired visual acuity in both school children and adults and it accounts for a major percentage of refractive error.18 Hypermetropia (Farsightedness): Long-sightedness, farsightedness also called hyperopia or hypermetropia may be also hereditary. Youngsters frequently have hypermetropia, which may reduce in adulthood. This happens with eyeballs lengthen as they grow. Distance vision in mild hypermetropia is perfect, whereas nearly sight is blurred. Vision can be distorted any distance in advanced hypermetropia.17 Astigmatism: Astigmatism tends to happen when the cornea has an asymmetrical curvature at the front of the eye. The cornea is usually smooth and equally rounded in both directions and the light rays entering the cornea are equally entered on the planes or both directions. This irregularity may bring about vision that is a lot of like investigating a twisted, wavy mirror. Astigmatism normally triggers a blurry sight on any range.17Astigmatism is frequently not detected during routine school eye screening.19 Presbyopia: The word ‘Presbyopia’ comes from the Greek for “elderly vision.” Presbyopia is associated with ageing. It occurs in everyone. The eyes lens becomes more rigid after 40 and doesn’t flex as quickly. Therefore, the eye loses its entering force and it turns out to be increasingly hard to peruse at short proximity. This ordinary maturing procedure of the focal point can likewise be joined with nearsightedness, hypermetropia or astigmatism.17 EPIDEMIOLOGY It is estimated that more than 150 million people globally suffer a visual loss due to uncorrected refractive error, of which 8 million are essentially blind.20In 2010 refractive error affected 1.45 billion people or 27% of the world's population.21There are 365 million children < 15 years of age or 29 percent of the population in India as of January 2017; the National Health Profile, released by the Government of India; hence providing visual screening for all children is a challenging task.22In India, children registered differing prevalence levels of myopia and hyperopia.23,24,25 These studies have shown that several children require fantastic correction and in rural India, about 86% of children require refractive error without correction.23 CAUSES The refractive error could because: Eyeball range (where the ball grows too long or too short)26 Corneal type complications (clear outer layer of the eye)26 Lens ageing (an inner portion of the eye that is usually transparent and helps to guide the vision)26 RISK FACTORS Genetics Persons with family members with refractive errors are much more likely to suffer similar refractive errors.14 Environmental Among hereditary predisposition studies of Refractive Error, there is a link between environmental conditions and risk factors for developing near-sightedness.27 Myopia of people with visually active jobs was found 28 Reading was shown to be a marker of myopia in children. Kids with myopia have been recorded to have spent considerably more time reading than kids without myopia who have spent a lot of time outside playing.28 The risk of myopia has been reported to be the socioeconomic status and higher education levels. SYMPTOMS Blurry vision is the most common symptom.26 Many signs include: Double vision, hazy vision, haze or halo in bright lights, squinting, headache, the pain of the eyes (whether the eyes are exhausted or sore), and difficulty concentrating while reading or watching a screen.26The crossing of eyes in children (esotropia).17 SCREENING An eye care practitioner can diagnose a refractive error during a regular eye examination. Testing usually involves the patient reading a chart of vision when checking the lens range to optimize a patient's vision. Rarely require advanced imaging or other studies.17 MANAGEMENT Medical approach Spctacles, Contact Lenses17 Surgical approach Surgery: Laser surgery17 Nursing approach Educating about eyeglasses Educating about contact lenses Perform vision screening or advise the parent to bring the child for an eye exam with ophthalmologists Encourage the child to wear corrective lenses. DIAGNOSIS Disturbed sensory perception related to diminished vision. Difficulty in reading related to hyperopia. The risk of injury related to blurred vision. Low self-esteem related to impaired vision. PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSION Refraction Error is the commonest cause of visual disability in younger students of below poverty and middle-class school children.Visual deficiency due to Uncorrected Refractive Error may have prompt and long hauleffects for children and adolescents, for example,loss of educational and job potentials, loss of financial benefit to people, families and communities and reduced life expectancy.Numerous components are liable for the resulting uncorrected refractive errors such as lack of understanding and acceptance of the issue at the individual and family level, also atneighbourhood and public health level, unavailability and/or incapacity to offer refraction monitoring facilities, inadequate supply of suitable correction eye lenses and societalimpediments to enforcement schemes like visual acuity screening services for people suffering from refractive blindness need to be introduced.Several research studies indicate that there was a comparatively high prevalence of Refractive Erroramongurban children than that of rural children. Students involved in outdoor games didn't have many refractive mistakes. Most of the students were involved in indoor sports, television, computers, and computer sports, etc. Some research studies show that refractive error risk factors could be prevented and help to promote awareness among students, families and especially teaching staff who play a vital role in moulding the child's future and behaviour patterns. There is a need for strong and reliable wear of spectacles should be emphasized. Conflict of interest: none declared. Financial support: None Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3187http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3187 Nelson V, Viswanathan G, Simon S. Prevalence and Determinants of Refractive Errors among School Children of 5th –10th Standard: A Study from South Kerala. Natl J Community Med 2018;9(11):813-818. Murthy GV. Vision testing for refractive errors in schools: ‘Screening’ programs in schools. Community Eye Health 2000;13(33):3-5. Holden BA, Sulaiman S, Knox K. The challenge of providing spectacles in the developing world. Community Eye Health 2000;13(33):9-10. Dandona R, Dandona L. Refractive error blindness. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79:237-43. McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Myopia and vision of 2020. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129(4):525-7. World Health Organisations. Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness. Geneva: WHO/ PBL/97.61; Rev 2. 2006. Kalikivayi V, Naduvilath TJ, Bansal AK, Dandona L. Visualimpairment in school children in Southern India. CommuEye Care 1997;2(45):129-34. Das A, Dutta H, Bhaduri G, De Sarkar A, Sarkar K, Bannerjee M.A study on refractive errors among school children in Kolkata.J Indian Med Assoc 2007;105(4):169-72. Prema N. Prevalence of refractive error in school children.Indian J Sci Technol 2011;4(9):1160-1. Negrel AD, Maul E, Pokharel GP, Zhao J, EllweinLB.Refractive error study in children: Sampling and measurementmethods for a multi-country survey. Am J Ophth2000;129(4):421-6. Kannan U, Rajendiran A, Yeraballi D, Shanmugavel K, John NA, Rene S. Refractive error and associated risk factors in 6-12 years schoolchildren. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2016;6(6):554-558. ThyleforsB. A global initiative for the elimination of avoidableblindness [editorial]. AmJ Ophth1998;125:90-3. Pararajasegaram R. VISION 2020 - The Right to Sight: fromstrategies to action. Am J Ophth 1999; 128:359-60. Refractive error. Wikipedia 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_error (accessed June 6, 2020). What is a refractive error? World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-is-a-refractive-error (accessed June 6, 2020). Refractive errors in children, IMO, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.imo.es/en/refractive-errors-children. [Accessed: 06- Jun- 2020]. Refractive Errors, Kellogg Eye Center, Michigan Medicine [Internet]. Umkelloggeye.org. 2020 [Accessed: 06- Jun- 2020]. https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/refractiveerrors#:~:text=Refractive%20error%20means%20that%20the,with%20age)%2C%20and%20astigmatism. Tidake P, Madan P. Peripheral retinal findings in high Myopia in a tertiary hospital. JDatta Meghe Inst MedSciUni2016;11 (4):418-422. Definition of Astigmatic [Internet]. MedicineNet. 2020 [cited 13 June 2020]. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6755 Holden BA, Fricke TR, Ho SM, Wong R, Schlenther G, Cronjé S. et al. Global vision impairment due to uncorrected presbyopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008; 126: 1731–9. Rasa C, Rasa L. Refractive error characteristic of the patients at the Children's Ophthalmology Outpatient Department of KaunoKlinik's Hospital (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences) from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012. ActaMedicaLituanica 2017; 24(2):83-92. SethuS, BharaniS, Nukella PB. Prevalence of refractive errors in children in India: a systematic review. Clin ExptOptometry 2018; 101: 495-503. Dandona R, Dandona L, Srinivas M.Refractiveerror in children in a rural population in India. Invest Ophth Vis Sci 2002; 43: 615–622. Murthy GVS, Gupta SK, Ellwein L, Munoz SR, Pokharel GP, Sanga L, et al. Refractive error in children in an urbanpopulation in New Delhi. Invest Ophth Vis Sci2002; 43: 623–631. Dandona R, Dandona L, Srinivas M, Giridhar P, McCarty CA, Rao GN. Population-based assessment of the refractiveerror in India: the Andhra Pradesh eye disease study. ClinExpOphth2002; 30: 84–93. Refractive Errors National Eye Institute [Internet]. Nei.nih.gov. 2020 [cited 13 June 2020]. Available from:https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/refractiveerrors#:~:text=There%20are%204%20common%20types,objects%20look%20blurry%20or%20distorted. VerhoevenJVM, Hysi PG, Wojciechowski R, Fan Q, Guggenheim JA, Höhn R et al. Genome-wide meta-analyses of multiancestry cohorts identify multiple new susceptibility loci for refractive error and myopia. Nature Genet 2013;45(3):314-318. Wojciechowski R. Nature and nurture: the complex genetics of myopia and refractive error. Clin Genet 2010;79(4):301-320.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareFunctional Outcome of Limb Salvage Surgery by Megaprosthesis for Malignant Bone Umours-Mid and Long Term Follow Up English189194Manish R ShahEnglish Manisha M ShahEnglish Aditya K. AgrawalEnglish Malkesh D ShahEnglish Sarvang M DesaiEnglishPurpose: The gold standard treatment for primary bone sarcoma is limb saving (salvage) procedure in the indicated case. Today, limb saving surgery is considered safe and routine for approximately 90 % of patients with malignant bone tumours involving extremity. In our retrospective study of 40 patients having malignant bone tumour treated by limb salvage and mega prosthesis replacement of different regions like proximal humerus, proximal femur, distal femur, proximal tibia, we have studied mid and long term follow-ups in terms of life expectancy (survival), recurrence, implant-related complications, and functional outcome. Methods: Retrospective study of 40 patients treated by limb salvage surgery using mega prosthesis during the study period (2014 to 2020). All patients were confirmed by biopsy. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was given as per the case. Results were analyzed at follow-up ranging from 2 years to 6 years with a mean of 3.2 years. Results: 15 out of 40 (37.5%) were more than 5 years and 28 out of 40 (70%) were more than 3 years of follow-ups. Osteosarcoma was the commonest tumour (55%). There were no implant-related complications. 37 out of 40 (92.5%) patients with mega prosthesis were found to be tumour-free and without any complications on the last follow up. Conclusion: Limb salvage surgery for malignant bone tumours by mega prosthesis is a good treatment in selected cases. It gives good tumour control and good functional life. EnglishLimb salvage surgery, Mega prosthesis, Malignant bone tumour, Sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Ewing`s sarcomahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3188http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3188

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareA Study of Perceptions of Students and Teachers Towards E-Learning and its Effectiveness – A Cross-Sectional Study During COVID-19 Lockdown in JNUIMSRC English195198Shishir KumarEnglish Rajesh MisraEnglish Dhruba ChakrabortyEnglish Prabhjot Kaur ChhabraEnglish Prerana UpadhyayaEnglishBackground: One severely impacted sector during a COVID-19 pandemic is the field of Medical Education. Initially, when the Medical students were sent home based on Government Lockdown orders, it was very hard to imagine that it would change the way of teaching especially in this field. After successfully adjusting to this new scenario the question of the hour is how many students and the teachers did adjust? What were their perceptions? And overall what was the effectiveness of this exercise? This study puts in a sincere effort to find the same. Methods: The student’s and the teacher’s perceptions were taken using Likert’s scale when the online sessions were going on. Another student’s perception was taken about a live lecture class in a classroom. The perception scores of the students were compared. An online test was taken after online sessions which were proctored by teachers and the marks attained by the students reflected the effectiveness of the programme. Results: The perception score of the students was better for live classes than that for the online session. There is no significant difference between the marks scored after the online session when compared to the marks scored when live lectures were being taken. Conclusion: The medical students have been benefitted by this exercise during the pandemic. Further, this mode of teaching should be implemented when regular classes will go on. EnglishCross-sectional, Perception, Effectiveness, Online, Teachinghttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3189http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3189

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareMotion Prediction Model Using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Network (ANFN) and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) Algorithm in 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography (4DCT) Images English199207J. VijayarajEnglish D. LoganathanEnglishIntroduction: Across the world, the major cause of death is due to lung cancer. Due to overlapping structure of cancer cell, earlier lung cancer detection is challenging. Image processing techniques are widely employed to detect lung cancer earlier. Objective: Novel method to prevent and predict lung cancer as well as to identify the most significant genetic and environmental factors has to be developed. Methods: The proposed system illustrates a novel predicting model using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Network combined with probabilistic neural networks. Filtered image using Gaussian 3D operator has to predict the tumour growth direction. This model uses an adaptive neuro-fuzzy network and probabilistic neural network for better identification. Results: Simulation result gives a prediction of Tumour growth direction with its accuracy value, precision value, RMSE (root-mean-square error), specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value. Hence the simulation results show the prediction of Tumour growth. Conclusion: The proposed system illustrates a novel predicting model using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Network combined with probabilistic neural networks. By predicting the movement of Tumour cells, it will be easier to control the tumour spreading. This can be done by the motion prediction model to reduce the growth of the tumour cells which is the contribution of this paper. EnglishLung cancer, Motion prediction model, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Network, Probabilistic Neural Networks, Predictive valuehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3190http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3190

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411223EnglishN2020December7HealthcareStudy About Role of Copeptin as a Diagnostic Marker and Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Tertiary Care Center English208216N. Niranjana JoyEnglish Manikantan SekarEnglish Ramprasad ElumalaiEnglish Jayakumar MatchaEnglishBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high prevalence around the world, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality rate, and a huge expenditure is spent on CKD management, and it poses an enormous threat to public health. Objective: The present study investigated the association of serum copeptin concentration with healthy volunteers as a control, CKD stage 3 with heart failure, CKD stage 3 and CKD stage 4 and 5 groups. Methods: This study was designed to be a Cohort study, in which data were collected prospectively. Seventy-two chronic kidney disease individuals at different stages early stage (CKD 3a and 3b), advanced stage (CKD4 and5) and CKD with heart failure (CKD 3b) and 15 unrelated healthy individuals were included in this study. The important clinical characteristics of study participants such as haemoglobin ( Hb), serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and copeptin level were measured using standard protocols. Results: We found that the serum copeptin concentration was significantly associated with the CKD stage 3 with heart failure, CKD stage 3 and CKD stage 4 and 5 groups. Further, the significant correlation was also observed between the serum copeptin and e GFR, creatinine, BNP and Copeptin/ creatinine, copeptin*BNP/ creatinine, and copeptin/ eGFR ratio, LVDd and LVMI. Conclusion: In conclusion, the serum copeptin increased in patients with CKD with decreasing e GFR and also in patients with CKD and heart failure (EF EnglishCreatinine, CKD, Copeptin, EGFRhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3191http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3191