Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareImpact of COVID-19 Situation on the people of Sudan English0101Dr. Nagla Abdelrahim Mohamed AhmedEnglishEnglishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3016http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3016

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareIndia’s Response to COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Migrant Workers – A Public Health Perspective English0204Ritu Kumar AhmadEnglish Mohammad Shakil AhmadEnglish Riyaz Ahamed ShaikEnglishIntroduction: The current pandemic of Covid-19 has caused havoc on the world economy and the lives of millions of people. In India, because of the diversified population, different income groups, and social habits of people, the extended lockdown has made a severe impact on the lifestyle. Aim: This article attempts to throw light on the effect of lockdown on migrant workers with regards to hardship and health. Conclusion: Daily wage earners, migrant workers are severe sufferers. Extended lockdown lead to exhaust their handful savings forcing them to start their journey to hometown. The callous attitude of ruling dispensation has forced the migrant workers to start their journey on foot to reach their homes, making them susceptible to infection, accidents, and many more health-related adverse events. EnglishCOVID-19, Migrant workers, Indiahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3017http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3017

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareOverview on Virus Like Particles from Plants Used as Vaccine Antigen English0509Karishma GhoshEnglish Shreyoshi TarapdarEnglish Megha DuggalEnglish Shubham TyagiEnglish Vijay KumarEnglish Amit GuptaEnglishIntroduction: Virus-like particles (VLP) extracted from medicinal plant products are used and applied for the development of recombinant vector vaccines against various infectious diseases. This vaccine is mainly used for stimulating protective and longlasting immune responses. In general, these vaccines mainly target the antigen-presenting cells (APC) or dendritic cells which may induce both humoral and cellular immune response. VLP based vaccines have been used so far in drug delivery, genetic therapy, cellular targeting, cancer treatment, therapeutic vaccine, etc. Aim and Objective: This paper mainly reviews the existing developmental efforts through researchers to improve the production of plant virus particles based vaccines. Results: However, the antigenicity and immunogenicity of such vaccines have various limitations varying from the length of the peptide that can be expressed on the surface to the duration of immunogenicity developed in the host. In other words, plant virus-like particles may provide some many benefits to the vaccine industry but still showed some challenges that limit the production of vaccines. Various efforts were taken or still ongoing about producing an efficient vaccine for human and veterinary related diseases. Conclusion: Recently, plant virus-like particles are used for the development of vaccine platforms and have been tested in human and veterinary studies, suggesting that plant virus-based vaccines will be introduced into clinical and veterinary practice shortly. EnglishVirus-like particles, Plant, Immunity, Vaccinehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3018http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3018

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareA Review on Exploring the Siddha and Ayurvedic Medicines for COVID-19 Infection English1013Preethi GEnglish Dinesh PremavathyEnglishAim: The aim of this study is to review the curative effects of Ayurvedic and Siddha medicines and explore whether Ayurvedic medicines can cure global pandemic COVID-19. Introduction: Ayurvedic medicines bring a huge impact both on our physical and mental health. It is highly effective and more effective in chronic diseases. Natural medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani are the traditional medicine system which is known as the science of longevity and plays an important role in encountering global health care needs. Ayurvedic medicines are a practice towards psychological, philosophical, ethical, and spiritual health. Covid19 has occurred in many different kinds like mild respiratory illness (nose, throat, and lungs), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Different studies have been done on curative effects of Ayurvedic and other traditional medicines on these various diseases. Methods: The present study has collected various articles related to the current topic from various internet sources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, PMC, etc. Conclusion: Traditional medicines are known for their safety, potential efficacy, and ease of availability as India is the country where the world’s oldest traditional living health care system originated. The present study thus concluded that Siddha and Ayurvedic medicines have mitigated COVID-19 infections. English COVID-19, Siddha, Ayurveda, SARS, Traditional medicine, Chronic disordershttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3019http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3019

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareA Review on Preventive Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic English1417Bianca PrincetonEnglish Dinesh PremavathyEnglish Preetha S.EnglishIntroduction: The coronavirus disease is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered coronavirus. This virus belongs to the family of Coronaviridae. It is closely related or similar to SARS & MERS. The disease has nearly infected about 5,939,234 people and claimed 367,255 lives globally till June 2020. The main aim is to create awareness about the preventive measures to be taken during this massive spread of coronavirus. Materials and Methods: This is a review-based study about the preventive measures to be taken during the COVID-19 pandemic. Coronavirus and its Preventive Measures: The virus causing COVID-19 is similar to that of SARS and MERS. In humans, these viruses cause respiratory tract infections, ranging from mild to lethal. To prevent the spread of this disease, a person must wash their hands thoroughly and maintain at least 1m distance from others. The COVID-19 symptoms might be milder but infectivity is higher than SARS and MERS. Hence proper preventive measures must be taken. English COVID-19, Severe Acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Sanitizer, Prevention, Siddha medicinehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3020http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3020

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareAntiviral Treatment Strategies in COVID-19 English2328Jai Rexlin P. E.English Anitha RoyEnglishBackground: Early in December 2019, a novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, caused an outbreak of respiratory disease named COVID-19. The COVID-19 disease has led to severe pneumonia, multiorgan failure, and death. Methods: A detailed literature survey was performed using various databases. Results: Lopinavir/Ritonavir is an orally administrable drug, and after its administration, the viral load is being tested. On the other end, remdesivir even at a very low micromolar concentration blocked the viral infection. Ribavirin combination with Lopinavir/ Ritonavir was intravenously infused for not more than 10 days. The presence or absence of viral load was determined to be the endpoint. Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common in the lopinavir-ritonavir administered patients. Lopinavir-ritonavir treatment was stopped early in patients because of adverse events. Hypertransaminasemia and acute kidney injury were also the most frequent severe adverse events observed. Remdesivir benefited patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia hospitalized outside ICU where the clinical outcome was better and adverse events are less frequently observed. Ribavirin combination with Lopinavir/ Ritonavir was intravenously infused for not more than 10 days and was found to be less effective. Conclusion: The antiviral drugs involved in the treatment of COVID 19 are Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Remdesivir, and Ribavirin. Among which Remdesivir was found to be more effective against COVID 19 with 30% speedy recovery. However, prevention is always better than cure, the prevention methods involve Hand sanitization, gloves, masks, protective suits, social distancing, and self-isolation. EnglishCOVID-19, Anti-viral, Lopinavir/ Ritonavir, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Favipiravirhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3022http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3022

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareGenomic Variations of SARS-CoV-2 and Effect of Various Factors on COVID-19 English2939Anju RaniEnglish Rajyavardhan AryaEnglish Pradeep Kumar SharmaEnglishIntroduction: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is a disease caused by the newly discovered novel Coronavirus. The first case of SARS-CoV-2 was reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 which later turned out pandemic affecting large population across the world till now. Aim: This study aimed to review morphological differences of SARS-CoV-2 with other viruses belongs to beta coronaviruses and to analyze the effect of various factors on the spread of disease. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 causes a severe acute respiratory illness with morbidity rate up to 3%. Despite 79% similarity with SARS-CoV, key differences have been observed in spike glycoprotein, 2 accessory proteins and 2 non- structural proteins (nsp). High transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 across the globe may be associated with these genetic differences. However, geographical differences in cases also suggest the influence of natural immunity, climatic conditions on disease spread. Unavailability of an effective vaccine and antiviral therapy left only social distancing and lockdown as an option to minimize disease spread. Further investigations are needed to know the mode of transmission, resistance to environmental factors. The developments of vaccine for SARS- CoV-2 in many countries are in Phase II & III of clinical trial whereas many drugs have been repurposed to check their efficacy in combating SARS- CoV-2 infections. . EnglishSARS-COV-2, COVID-19, Spike glycoprotein, Climate, Social distancinghttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3023http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3023

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareChronicles of COVID-19 - A Brief Review English4650S. Ragul PrasathEnglish Keerthi SasankaEnglish Jothi Priya AEnglish Dhanraj GanapathyEnglishIntroduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which arises in Wuhan, China, and spread all around the world. The Genomic analysis shows that SARS-CoV-2 is related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, so bats could be the possible primary reservoir for this disease. Fractional Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Booster and Rotavirus Study (FIPV) is a macrophage-tropic and it is believed that it causes aberrant cytokine/chemokine expression and lymphocyte depletion, resulting in a lethal disease. Some strains of IBV, a V-coronavirus, also affect the urogenital tract of chickens causing renal disease. Infections of the reproductive tract with IBV significantly diminish egg production, causing a substantial loss in the egg production industry each year. Most adults or children with COVID-19 infection are with mild flu-like symptoms and a few patients are in critical condition and develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, even death of the individuals. The intermediate source of origin and the transmission of the virus to humans is not known, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available for COVID-19. Recombinant protein from the urban strain of SARS-CoV was administered to mice and hamsters, resulting in the production of antibodies and protection against COVID-19. Prevention is the best solution to stop the spread of coronavirus and hence the global pandemic. The current review is about the history of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We conducted a scoping review to draw information about the History of Coronavirus infection COVID-19. Literature Search and Inclusion/ Exclusion Criteria: The information is retrieved by searching the keywords. Sampling / Data collection was done by using search engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane. The total number of articles searched was 30. Conclusion: The present medical support is only by symptomatic treatment as the vaccine is still under trials, hence preventive measures and supportive therapies are the only treatments. Most previous studies have focused on epidemiology and potential causes, whereas the current study explores the coronavirus as a whole, ranging from origin to prevention and control. English Coronavirus, Pneumonia, Novel coronavirus 2019, 2019-nCoV, COVID-19, SARS, MERShttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3025http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3025

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareCOVID-19 Vaccine Candidates - Current Status English5558Karthik VEnglish Geetha R.V.English Leslie Rani S.EnglishIntroduction: Coronavirus belongs to the RNA group of viruses. Coronaviruses, first discovered in domestic poultry in the 1930s, is known to infect mostly the birds and mammals. A few strains can cause mild infection in the upper respiratory tract, like the common cold, but also more serious lower respiratory tract infections including pneumonia primarily in infants, older people, and the immunocompromised. This caused an impact on the current issue of the outbreak of COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccine is a theoretical vaccine against coronavirus 2019. Scientists are seriously working to produce effective vaccines that are under clinical trial. The outbreak of novel coronavirus caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly around the globe. Considering the potential threat of a pandemic, scientists, and physicians have been trying to develop a vaccine to eradicate the virus. Aim: The main aim of the review is to establish the current scenario on the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. Materials and Method: Around 50 articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. were collected using keywords, analyzed, and review has been written. Conclusion: There is an increasing urge in the production of a vaccine for COVID infection. Many countries like the US, Russia, Australia, India, and other countries have successfully completed Phase-I and Phase-II trials and entered the human trail. In India, the vaccine produced by the Serum Institute of India the “Covi shield” and the one produced Bharat Biotech Ltd., the “Covaxin” have successfully entered the human trail. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has said that it was up to the vaccine developers to make the application for emergency use authorization, and if the application was found to be “appropriate”, it may consider granting approval. English Coronavirus, Vaccine, Prophylaxis, Development, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3027http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3027

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareHealth Monitoring of People During Lockdown Due to Corona Virus (COVID-19) English5963Vijay KumarEnglish Shipra GuptaEnglish Nishu ChawlaEnglish Amit GuptaEnglishBackground: COVID-19 (Coronavirus) has troubled regular life and has shown retardation in the world economy. Thousands of people have been affected by this pandemic. People with low immunity or who are sick have more chances to suffer from this disease. Life has taken an entirely a different turn and enforced people stay inside their home and take extra care of themselves, their family, and their near and dear ones. Review of Literature: The coronavirus disease 2019 is having an intense effect on all aspects of society, including mental and physical health. A major adverse consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to increase social isolation and loneliness which are strongly associated with anxiety and depression. This virus has a ripple effect on the day-to-day life of people, furthermore on the world economy. Methods: For this study, 3779 people from the various region, age group, qualifications, income group and employment status are selected for the survey. Conclusion: This manuscript concludes that all the sections of the population have been affected by this pandemic and in particular the people who are poor and lack necessities of life, older persons, disabled people, youth, and native peoples. EnglishCoronavirus COVID-19, Children coping, The mental stress of children, Anxiety disorder, Argument tendencyhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3028http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3028

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareMolecular Immune Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of COVID-19 - A Review English6973M. RithanyaEnglish M. P. BrundhaEnglishIntroduction: Immunopathogenesis is the process of the development of a disease that involves immune response or immune system. The focus of the study is basically on the understanding of control and management along with the role-play of host immune responses and the pathogenesis of the microorganism. Coronavirus (CoV) is a large family of viruses which will lead to mild to severe illness, with symptoms most commonly cough, cold, and fever. The severe forms include Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). The worldwide pandemic COVID-19 was started in Wuhan city. Wuhan city, located in the Hubei province has a huge market called Huanan Seafood market housing numerous non-vegetarian foods which has now become the place where the pandemic started. A new strain of the virus that had not been earlier detected in humans is the Novel coronavirus (nCoV). These ranges of viruses are known to be zoonotic in nature, which means they can be easily transmitted between animals and human patients. The significant challenge faced with these viruses is their evolutionary nature. Materials and Methods: This is a review article wherein various articles were searched through search engines like Google Scholar and Pubmed using keywords like pathogenesis of COVID-19, immune mechanism of COVID-19, the role of TNF-Alpha, interferons, and diagnosis of COVID-19. Over 50 articles were collected and reviewed thoroughly. Results and Discussion: The nCoV is made up of a special protein called the glycosylated protein, which is also called the Spike protein or S protein. It plays a vital role in allowing the entry of viruses into the host cell. The spike protein is a large type 1 transmembrane protein that contains a range of 1160 amino acids. Spike protein is a trimeric class one fusion protein that exists in a metadata level perfusion. The ectodomain of all coronaviruses is known to share the same organization in two domains: an N-terminal domain called S1 that is responsible for receptor binding action and a C terminal S2 domain which is responsible for fusion. This review will give details of the molecular immunopathogenesis of COVID-19. English Immunopathogenesis, Pathogenesis of COVID-19, Diagnosis of COVID-19, TNF Alpha in COVID-19, Interferons in COVID-19, Growth factors in COVID-19http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3030http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3030

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareParanoia Among Children Due to COVID-19 Outbreak English7478Charanya SureshEnglish Anitha RoyEnglish Muralidharan N. P.EnglishAim and Background: The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has caused universal psychosocial effects due to mass hysteria, economic burden, and financial losses along with its high infectivity and fatality rates. COVID-19 mass fear, called “coronaphobia,” has created a multitude of psychiatric manifestations across the various strata of society. So this analysis was carried out to describe the psychological impact of COVID-19 on people, more specifically children. Materials and Methods: The following main words are searched for PubMed and Google Scholar: “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV2,” “Pandemic,” “Psychology,” “Psychology,” “Psychiatry,” “Marginalized,” “Telemedicine,” “Mental Health,” “Quarantine,” “Infodemic,” “Social Media” and “Internet.” There were also several newspaper stories pertaining to COVID-19 and psychosocial impacts added as per context. Results and Discussion: Long-term acute panic, anxiety, repetitive habits, hoarding, hysteria, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be triggered by the disease itself compounded by compulsory quarantine to fight COVID-19 introduced by national lockdowns. These were fuelled by an “infodemic” spread through various social media platforms. Communitybased COVID-19 prevention services can interrupt the normal lifestyle of children, and can cause florid mental distress. Children’s psychosocial factors are influenced in many ways by this pandemic and require special consideration. Conclusion: Psychosocial crisis management and intervention models should be implemented urgently by the government, health care professionals, and other stakeholders in order to better cope with these psychosocial problems from various strata of society. The use of internet resources, technology, and social media in order to combat both pandemic and infodemic needs to be introduced. Psychosocial preparedness by the establishment of mental organizations specific for future pandemics is certainly necessary English Anxiety, Children, Paranoia, Psychological impact, COVID-19, Pandemichttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3031http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3031

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareImpact of COVID-19 on Education and Internships of Hospitality Students English8690Rakesh DaniEnglish Ravish KukretiEnglish Anket NegiEnglish Deepak KholiyaEnglishIntroduction: As we all know COVID-19 pandemic became a problem all over the world. Every country is trying to fight with this pandemic virus, due to which many countries announced complete lockdown in their country. Schools/ colleges help in developing social skills and awareness of students which is interrupted because of lockdown due to COVID-19. Not only studies are affected but it has also affected the industrial training of the students. Hospitality students must have good communication skills, social values, teamwork and many more qualities .which are affected due to pandemic which can’t be learned through online classes. Many of the students were not able to attend online classes because of the poor network in their region, loss of focus and interest, some time does not get much space in their home for online studies due to more members in the family, sometimes they don’t have a system to excess online classes. Internships of Hospitality students were affected as their internship programmes were either reduced or cancelled due to this pandemic. Objectives: The primary objective of this research is to find out the impact of this pandemic on education and internships of hospitality students. Methods: This research paper has derived conclusions based on the feedback of different hospitality colleges situated in Dehradun. The feedback was based on some questionnaires which were asked through an online survey. The feedback is collected on percentage bases which are then analyzed for getting results and conclusion. Results: According to the results 97% of hospitality students agreed that their Internship programmes are badly affected due to this pandemic and they face various problems during online classes.73% of students disagreed when asked will they prefer online mode of education even post this Pandemic.75% students agreed that they got full support from their teachers during online classes. Conclusion: Most of the students were facing various problems in their online classes, their internship programmes is effected, because of which their learning and skill development activities are effected but the good thing is that most of the student was getting full support from their teachers/colleges/ Universities and most of the students find the online mode of education as a better and useful tool for online studies during this pandemic. But still, most of the students prefer traditional (face to face) mode of education over the online mode of education. English Internship, Covid-19, Hospitalityhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3033http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3033

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareRole of Interferon Gamma in COVID-19 Prevention - A Review English9196Tahreem FathimaEnglish M. P. BrundhaEnglish D. EzhilarasanEnglishAim: To study and determine the role of interferon-gamma in COVID-19 prevention. Objective: The objectives include studying and understand the role of gamma interferon to cure or treat COVID-19 patients, to stop the spread of infection, and also to prevent future outbreaks. MATERIALS AND METHODS- Review of literature by collecting and retrieving information from articles. Discussion: The coronavirus disease is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by SARS CoV-2. Interferons are a family of proteins that releases several cells in response to the infection caused by viruses. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are natural interferon producing cells. Interferons are involved in immune interactions and regulate viral mechanisms. Interferon-gamma binds to specific DNA elements. Patients suffering from nocturia, breast cancer, and diabetes mellitus are prone to cancer due to less immunity. Regenerative medicine for COVID-19 treatment can be helpful with the administration of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells which could prevent lung inflammation. Interferons exert and affect target cells through the activation of cell surface receptors. Inflammation is a complex immune response to pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants and enables survival during infection or injury and also maintains tissue homeostasis. The Stat-1 dimer complex, also known as GAF (gamma activation factor), activates the transcription of IFN-γ inducible genes through the GAS enhancer element. The innate production of interferon-gamma is a critical step in immunological defense mechanisms against viruses. The sources of gamma interferon in specific consist of activated natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mediators of viral recognition that led to the production of interferons consist of a group of receptors located either in the cytoplasm or on the surface of endosomes; areas that allow these receptors to efficiently detect viral invasion. The virus is easily spreadable as it is highly contagious and spreads through close contact or droplets of infected people. This review highlights the role of gammainterferon in COVID-19 prevention. Conclusion: The review highlights the role of gamma interferon in the prevention of COVID-19 to study and identify its role and mechanism to prevent and treat COVID-19. Interferons contain antiviral factors that produce fibroblasts after viral infections in which interferon-inducible PKR kinase catalyzes RNA degradation. Innate cell-mediated immunity through NK cells that stimulates specific cytotoxic immunity based on the recognition of cell surface-bound viral antigens expressed in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins that activate macrophages which therefore activates the anti-viral and antimicrobial activity of interferon-gamma. Therefore, COVID-19 being a newly emerging virus, with no approved effective drug or vaccine, an intimate understanding of the role of interferons in prevention is essential to implement novel therapeutic strategies. English Coronavirus, Interferon gamma, SARS- CoV-2, Interferon, COVID-19, Preventionhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3034http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3034

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareSiddha Based Decoctions Better Remedy to Overcome COVID-19 - A Review English97100Swetha REnglish Dinesh PremavathyEnglishBackground: The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of a potentially deadly disease that is of severe global public health concern. The rapid onset of COVID-19 is wreaking havoc worldwide because of inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation. The COVID-19 infection has spread over 210 countries and territories around the world as there are no clinically approved treatments or vaccines available to date. When compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread drastically, due to increased globalization and adaptation of the virus in every environment. Siddha system of medicine (SSM) is one of the oldest traditional systems of medicine, which has originated from India and is practiced mainly in the southern part of this country for curing different types of diseases including even chronic conditions. Siddha based approaches have been proved to cure various respiratory diseases. Material and Method: The present study has reviewed articles through various internet sources such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Conclusion: The present study explores the properties of different traditional herbs in treating the novel Coronavirus disease. The aim of the study is to analyze Siddha-based decoctions as a better remedy in overcoming COVID-19. The present study has collected various articles related to the current topic from multiple internet sources. The present study thus concluded that the Siddha-based decoctions may mitigate the COVID-19. English Herbs, Siddha medicine, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, Kabasura Kudineer, Nilavembu Kudineerhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3035http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3035

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareStructural Basis of SARS COV 2 3CL PRO Drug And AntiCOVID-19 Discovery from Medicinal Plants - A Review English101105S. Kamala DeviEnglish Brundha M. P.English A. S. Smiline GirijaEnglishAim: The aim of the study to analyze the structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro drug and anti-COVID-19 discovery from medicinal plants Materials and Methods: A systemic strategy was employed using keywords to search the literature in medical databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, etc. Discussion: The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus sickness 2019 (COVID-19) realized by SARS-COV-2 has raised overall prosperity concerns. The viral 3-chymotrypsin like foundational protease (3cl ace) impetus controls coronavirus replication and it is fundamental for its life cycle. 3cl professional is an exhibited drug disclosure concentrated on the record of an extraordinary severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-COV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV). The sum total of what patients had was related to the Wuhan Wholefood advertisement, where fish and live creatures are sold. The infection spread quickly and general wellbeing experts in China started a control exertion. Notwithstanding, at that point, voyagers had conveyed the infection to numerous nations, starting recollections of the past coronavirus scourges, serious intense respiratory disorder severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory condition, and causing broad media consideration and frenzy. In light of clinical models and accessible serological and atomic data, the new illness was called coronavirus malady of 2019 coronavirus, and the novel coronavirus was called Coronavirus-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome, underlining its cozy relationship to the 2002 SARS infection (SARS-CoV). Established researchers hustled to reveal the birthplace of the infection, comprehend the pathogenesis of the sickness, create treatment choices, characterize the hazard factors, and work on antibody advancement. Here we present a rundown of the ebb and flow information with respect to the novel coronavirus and the illness it causes. Continuous assessments revealed the genome progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Conclusion: Thus, in this, we separated the 3cl master gathering, built up its 3D homology model, and screened it against a helpful plant library containing 32,297 are likely vitality of phytochemicals/standard Chinese remedial blends. Our examinations revealed that the best nine hits may fill in a likely for the SARS-COV2 lead particles for extra upgrade and drug improvement methodology to fight COVID-19. English SARS-COV2, COVID-19, Natural products, Pandemic coronavirus, Viral structure, Antibodieshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3036http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3036

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareThe COVID-19 Pandemic-Implications for the Cytology Laboratory English106111Padma Priyaa N. Brundha M. P.English Smiline Girija ASEnglishAim and Objectives: To review the current state of the knowledge about the COVID-19 cytological aspects. Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus. The infection has a predominantly respiratory transmission and it is transmitted through large droplets or aerosols, and less commonly with the infected surface or fomites. The widespread infection led to social distancing measures. Because it’s miles brought about by a singular virus, the cutting-edge pandemic has created plenty of anxiety, a good deal of it because of the comprehensible fear of the unknown. We do no longer know how lengthy this pandemic will last, and what its toll on groups will be in terms of fatalities, or in psychological, physical, and economic well-being. At this time, we still have many unanswered questions about this virus. For a number of these questions, we won’t have answers primarily based on hard information for months to come, maybe until the epidemic is over and an analysis of the worldwide records may be performed. Nonetheless, even before we have all the answers, we should neither panic, nor deal with it too lightly. We have to “hold calm and bring on” and hold to characteristic as a cytology laboratory committed to offering the exceptional provider to our sufferers in this health care emergency, however at the same time maximize the protection of fitness care people and prevent useless risks, which could help the dissemination of the virus. Due to repeated exposure to infectious patients and specimens, health care workers and laboratory personnel are more susceptible to COVID-19. Discussion and Conclusion: This review paper provides an assessment of the current state of knowledge about the disease, its pathology, and the potential presence of the virus in the cytology samples. It also discusses the measures to be taken in the cytology laboratory during the pandemic and reduces the risk of the pathologist, personnel, and trainees. English Implications of cytology lab, Cytopathological specimens, Measures to prevent COVID-19http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3037http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3037

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareWill Alternative Medicine Help Us to Fight Against COVID-19 English112116A. Sankari NivedithaEnglish Geetha RVEnglish Lakshminarayanan ArivarasuEnglishIntroduction: Complementary and Alternative Medicines is a group of diverse medical and healthcare systems, practices, and products that are not considered to be part of conventional medicine. Alternative medicine has been used to treat various illnesses, including viral infections. COVID-19, a new strain of Coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) causes mild to moderate respiratory illness in humans. There is a high risk among the elderly and those people with heart and lung disease, asthma, low CD4 counts, or diabetes. These Chinese medicines were used in similar conditions in 2003 during the SARS outbreak with documented clinical successes. The AYUSH ministry in India has suggested alternative medicines such as Ayurveda, Homeopathy, and Unani practice that could act as an immunity booster against the deadly novel coronavirus. Many people are seeking alternative medicine as these have been used to treat many viral diseases. But there is no scientific evidence that these alternative medicines can prevent or cure the illness COVID-19. Aim: This review is done to find whether alternative medicines help us to fight against COVID-19. Materials and Method: In this review, data were collected related to COVID-19, herbal medicine, and alternative medicine from Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, and ScienceDirect using keywords. Nearly 48 articles related to the topic had been reviewed and interpreted. Result: This review demonstrates the usage of alternative medicines against COVID19. As there is no specific treatment or vaccine available for COVID 19 at present, many people are seeking alternative medicine to boost immunity to fight against the deadly virus. But there is no scientific evidence that these alternative medicines can prevent or cure the illness COVID-19. It is important to be safe by staying at home, maintaining social distance, and proper hygiene. It is also important to boost the immune system and follow a proper diet during this pandemic. English Ayurveda, COVID 19, Immunity, Treatment, Traditional, CAMhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3038http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3038

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-5241COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Challenges to Indian Society and Emerging Approaches for EradicationEnglishN2020November3HealthcareCOVID-19 Pandemic: India is Heading Towards the First Place English117125Kannamani RamasamyEnglishIntroduction: COVID-19 created a huge impact across the globe with no partiality. Majority of the cities in India is affected. India was in good shape a few months back and now, it is affected badly. There may be various causes to this situation and by seeing the current number of cases, soon India is going to take the first place in COVID-19. It is important to study various factors around the current and future state of COVID-19 in India. Aim: The objective of this research paper is to explore the current state of COVID-19 pandemic of India and the USA and understand how the COVID-19 spread is severe in India. The secondary aim of the research is to predict the confirmed cases and death rates for the forthcoming days for the USA and India as well and conclude India’s future state in COVID-19. Sample, Technique and Methods: For this research, we have used the data from 20 January 2020 to 13 October 2020 from the World Health Organization. To forecast the COVID-19 cumulative confirmed and death cases for the United States America and India, we have used FORECAST.ETS function in Microsoft Excel. The prediction calculated till 31 December 2020. Results: By 31 Oct 2020, the forecasted cumulative cases would be 8569864 in the USA and India, it would be 8288117 approximately. By 27 Nov 2020, the forecasted cumulative cases would be 9930000 in the USA and India, it would be 9941491 approximately. By 31 Dec 2020, the forecasted cumulative cases would be 11642764 in the USA and India, it would be 12023517 approximately. So, by the last week of November, India will have more COVID-19 cases than the USA and hence India will take first place globally. Conclusion: Along with the guidelines and advisory from WHO, the government of India and the department of health is taking various initiatives to control the COVID-19 spread and maintain the lower number of COVID-19 cases. However, the number of confirmed and death rates are increasing in an uncontrolled manner in the Indian sub-continent. It is not a good symptom to see that India will take over the USA’s position in COVID-19. Unless there is an initiative which can control the spread, it is not going to be easy for India by considering the population and the forthcoming winter session. English COVID-19, Coronavirus, India, USA, Rank, Ratiohttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=3039http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=3039