Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareUpdates of Current Issue
English0101Dr. Sachin B. Ingle EnglishEnglishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2915http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2915Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareIdentification of Parasite Presence on Thin Blood Splotch Images
English0208Venkata Naresh MandhalaEnglish Debnath BhattacharyyaEnglish D. SushmaEnglishParasite is a bacterium that lives in a separate organism that functions as a host known as plasmodium. The parasite is vulnerable to malaria, dengue, typhoid diseases, etc. The presence of the parasite in blood smears can often lead to human death for some times. So, detecting and recognizing the parasite in blood splotch images at the early stages is very important to save human life. Aim and Objective: The primary consideration in this article is to detect the parasite which occurs in red blood cells through blood splotch images in early stages in less time using a new image processing method. Method: The method which is followed identifies the presence of parasite on blood smear images, was done in several steps. The first step of the method is to collect the input image from a laboratory taken through an electronic microscope. Then the image is further sent by converting the input image to the grayscale image using the standard method. Once the grayscale is obtained, the output image is further converted to the monochrome image. The pixel values of the image consist of only binary values using the “Otsu Threshold form.” Then this monochrome image is converted to a matrix model and printed with the binary values. Conclusion: The presence of parasites on the images will be displayed with the binary values by either one or zero on the output matrix model. Suppose the entire image is displayed as all zeros, In that case, it can be concluded to no parasite presence, and if any one’s presence on the matrix model, then it can be observed that there is a presence of parasite on the blood smear blotch images.
English Parasite, Blood splotch images, Matrix, Binary values, Grayscale, Image Processing. INTRODUCTION
Image processing is a method of carrying out such image operations to produce an enhanced image or collect user data. It is a signal processing type where pictures are entered, and the output can be images or characteristics.1 Today the processing of photographs is a technique that is rapidly increasing. It forms a central field of engineering and IT studies. For the processing of photographs, two methods are applied, namely analogue and digital imagery. Analogue picture processing can be used for hard copies, such as prints and photographs.2,3 The full details about an image and the parasite can be discussed in detail as subsections below.
IMAGE DEFINITION
The image is an arrangement of pixels organized in columns and lines of a given width and height. The pixel value of every image is used.3,4,5 The following are various styles of images,
Binary image: Binary image is termed as a monochrome image. In this image, there are just two black and white values. Black is the value of a pixel 0, and white is a pixel 1.
Grayscale image: Grayscale is a spectrum from black to white monochromatic colours with 255 pixels. The combined shades of black and grey are present in this greyscale picture. Therefore, a grey picture just has white with no colour and grey variations.6,7,8
True-colour image: True colour is a colour standard of every 24-bit monitor line allowing the colours up to 16,777,216 to be available.9,10
PARASITE
The parasite is a bacterium that lives in a separate organism that functions as a host known as plasmodium, which acts as a host. The parasite is vulnerable to malaria, dengue, typhoid diseases, etc. The presence of parasites in blood smears can often lead to human death for some times. A plant or a group of animals that lives in or on someone else and feeds on that organism known as a parasite. To sustain its life cycle, the parasite uses its nutrients.5. It uses the power of the host to maintain itself. Infections caused by protozoa, helminth, or arthropods contain parasitic diseases. A parasite cannot live, develop, and increase without a host. That is why it never kills the host, but rarely is it possible, however pathogens can spread, and some can be fatal. There are a wide variety of parasites. Symptoms of the parasite that present in red blood cells are digestive problems, diarrhoea, skin issues, hives, itching, fever, constant hunger, Muscle and joint pains, etc.6,22 Therefore, we need to analyze and observe the symptoms at the starting stage and immediately refer a doctor to control the damage that might happen to a person.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Several authors had considered the identification of content on the images with several techniques. Some authors had given about the image processing techniques to be used, whereas some authors discussed the disease identification methods. The articles related to this problem had discussed as,
Bagri Neelima et al. presented the full details about the images and their presentations and given various techniques and methods that can be used to identify the content on the images.1 They had given a comparative study on these all techniques for a better understanding of the readers. Liu Suolan et.al.discussed the images, types of images and also discussed the encryption algorithms available for the researchers to work on images.2 Al-Obaisi Fida' et.al. had discussed the images and the content identification mechanisms on images in detail. They had given the method of identifying the content on images by the thermal imaging process.3
P.A. Pattanaik et.al. introduced a system for “Object detection technique for malaria parasite in thin blood smear images." This paper analyses malaria larvae.5 The contaminated red blood cell pixel count in thin-blood smears plays a critical function. This paper describes three steps of the computer vision target detection process, utilizing the kernel-based detection and the Kalman filtering method for malaria detection. Using kernel detection, which contains accurate pixel information, the proposed procedure enables the target of malaria infection to be accurately detected and located in excellent bloodstream images. Puwar Yashasvi et.al. proposed a system, "Automated and unsupervised detection of malarial parasites in microscopic images."6 More than 500 photographs from two separate laboratories are evaluated for the image-based technique. The objective is to differentiate between positive and negative malaria cases using thin smear images. Because of the unmonitored nature of the method, minimal human intervention is necessary to speed up the entire diagnostic process. The total malaria immunity is 100 %, and the specificity for all malaria parasite organisms varies in the range between 50 and 88 %. A Rehman et.al. proposed "Microscopic Malaria Parasitaemia Diagnosis and Grading on Benchmark Datasets."7 The detection and classification of malaria parasitemia are useful, although far from ideal. Incorrect diagnosis and rating caused enormous death rates in young children worldwide. The latest research examines the diagnosis and degree of automated malaria parasitemia by image analyses and computational vision techniques in thin blood streak digital images. The latest findings indicate that current approaches are partially or morphologically reliant on solutions to the computer-related vision-based microscopic malaria parasitemia diagnosis issue.
Ahmed and Mubarak Bashir et al., who introduced a system for "Detection of Malaria Parasites Using Digital Image Processing."8 This paper states that image classification to detect malaria parasites is infected or not infected based on erythrocyte samples' features. "Computer-Aided System for Red Blood Cell Classification in Blood Smear Image",9 proposed by the authors, namely Tomari Razali et al., Otsu levels, for instance, are used to remove the history of erythrocyte images and filters to minimize noise and unwanted gaps and also to determine whether red blood cell images are regular or irregular. “Automatic System for Classification of Erythrocytes Infected with Malaria and Identification of Parasites Life Stage”10 by the authors Savkarea et al., used the darkened photos for diagnosis, the RBC segmentation methods, and the overlapping cells, the watershed algorithm, and the methods or system for classification of erythrocytes that were contaminated and for the identification of life stages of a parasite. Bhattacharyya Debnath et al. had discussed the identification of cyst presence on MRI/CT scan images in the human brain. They had discussed the method of matrix generation using the monochrome images.11 However, they had used to remove the noise from the input image first, and then the Gaussian filter had sharpened the edges of the input images.12,13,14 Then the image is converted to grayscale images and then to the monochrome images, and the final matrix was generated.15,16
OBSERVATIONS FROM PREVIOUS WORK:
After observing several works carried out by various authors, the current method was not used by any authors to identify the presence of parasite on blood splotch images.17,18 The previous authors did not use a matrix approach to combine monochrome images to classify the parasite presence with blood splotch images in the red blood cells from the different papers listed above. They also did not use any standard method to convert the input images to grayscale images to identify the parasite on blood splotch images.19, 20, 21 Hence, an attempt was made to take these findings into account. A new monochrome approach for the picture matrix with a new algorithm was employed to decide whether parasites are present in red blood cells of blood splotch scenarios, and results were discussed in detail in the results section.
PROPOSED WORK
The new algorithm that recognizes the parasite within the red blood cells and the algorithm can be observed as follows. It was taken into consideration in the current research to identify the parasite in the RBCs via blood splotch pictures.
PROCESS FOLLOWED TO IDENTIFY PARASITE
The full process of the current method used to identify the presence of parasites on the blood smear images can be explained in detail in stepwise.
First, the colour image of blood splotch images is taken as the input to identify the parasite.
The input picture is transformed into the Grayscale picture using the "Average form" for the second step of pre-processing.
AVG=(R+G+B)/3
From the above equation, R is Red pixel. G is a Green pixel. B is the Blue pixel.
When segmentation is done, the Grayscale image is regarded as input, and by "Otsu Threshold form," it is transformed into a monochrome picture.
Here monochrome image contains two values that are black and white. Black represents the background image, and white represents the foreground image.
This is implemented by using the "fixed threshold method."
(????, ????) < ???? = ???? ????(????, ????) > ???? =
From the above equation, the Black pixel is indicated by 0, and the White pixel is indicated by 1. T is a threshold value.
Pixel magnitude is calculated for each pixel in the monochrome image, and then the pixels are represented in a matrix format and are displayed as output. Matrix contains 1's & 0's.
The matrix is created from the monochrome image obtained at the segmentation point to define the parasite in blood splotch pictures more clearly.
Binary values that contain zero's and one’s in the matrix. The presence of parasite indicates ones, and the absence of parasite indicates zeros.
FLOW CHART
The diagram allows us to understand the method of parasite recognition better, one can know the full process of how the current method is used to identify the parasites on the smear images in a step by step process. This step by step process is clearly explained with the help of the following figure 1.
The detailed process happening in the current model to identify the presence of parasites from the blood smear images process had explained in detail, and the full process can be observed in the above figure 1 in detail.
RESULTS
To better understand the problem and check the output of the current considered model, two cases were considered. In each case, a blood smear image has been collected from the laboratories, and the image had processed and tried to identify the presence of parasite on the image or not. The accuracy in identifying the presence of parasite on smear images will provide the developed model is either accurate or inaccurate. For checking the same, two images were considered, and the experimentation had done in two cases. The first case is about the image with parasite presence, and the second case is with the image without the presence of smear images. The two images were passed as input to the current model, and the output of the images was observed from the current model. The output of the current model will be a matrix form. The model is designed such that the output of the entire model will provide a matrix which is having the values binary values that is either one or zero. The entire picture is placed or printed in the form of a matrix with binary values. The location where the parasite is present will be displayed as one on the output matrix, and the location where no image or no traces of any parasite was found will be printed in the matrix as zero formats. Hence, the output of the entire model will be in the form of a matrix, and where the parasite is present, the output will be printed as 1's in the matrix model and where there is no trace of any parasite, and then the matrix will be printed with all zeroes.
The details of the first case considered are,
The sample input image or the splotch image was taken for testing in the current model can be observed in figure 2.
Once the splotch image had been taken as input for the current model, the splotch image will be converted to the grayscale image, and the converted grayscale image can be observed in figure 3.
After converting from the splotch image to the grayscale image, the grayscale image will be converted further to the monochrome image. The obtained monochrome image can be observed in figure 4.
The matrix output image generated from the monochrome image can be observed in figure 5. From the above matrix, the 0's represent the black pixels i.e., parasite presents in the red blood cell images, and 1's represents the white pixels. So, it shows that the input picture taken for testing gives an accurate result. Figure 5 shows that the current model is working well for the images with parasites on smear images.
The second case was the identification of parasite on the image with no parasite, the expected output of this model for this input image is all the values in the matrix should be printed with all zeroes as output matrix.
For further testing of the current model, another image as input had been considered, and this image can be sent to the model as the input image, and this splotch image can be observed in figure 6.
The next phase of the conversion is to convert the splotch image to a grayscale image. The converted image can be observed in detail in figure 7.
After the conversion of the grayscale image, further, the grayscale image is converted to the monochrome image with binary values. The obtained monochrome image for the input splotch image can be observed in figure 8.
The output of the current model is a matrix with binary values, and this output matrix can be observed in figure 9. The above matrix shows only 1's, so the parasite is not present in the input image, which is used for testing.
COMPARATIVE STUDY
To understand the performance of the currently proposed method, a comparative analysis had been presented in comparison with the previously existing models for identifying the presence of a cyst in the human brain using MRI/CT scan images.
Table I observed that the currently considered model performs well compared to the previous model to identify the presence of parasite on the thin smear blood images.
CONCLUSION
The proposed system is capable of recognizing the presence of the parasite in red blood cell images in a slighter time using Image processing techniques. The parasite which occurs in blood cells changes the shape of blood cells. By considering this point, the matrix generated by a monochrome image that contains 0's when the parasite presents in the image may lead to some diseases. So, automatic detection of the parasite using the "matrix method" results in slighter time while compared to the other segmentation methods like free threshold method and global threshold method.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Nil.
Conflict of Interest: Nil.
Funding Source: Nil.
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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareAsthma Simulation Team Experience Using Hybrid Modeling
English0914Younsook JuEnglish Muyeong Seak YangEnglishThis study attempted to learn about students’ experiences as they encounter problems in the team-based simulation learning process, specifically when they interact with asthmatic patients during clinical trials involving hybrid model methods, asthma standardized patients, and human patient simulators. Aim and Scope: Thus, in this study, nursing students had the opportunity to experience a theoretical knowledge of asthma and direct nursing for patients with diseases through team-based learning courses. Method: The team-based simulation learning method using these hybrid models is believed to be a useful foundation for improving students’ knowledge, interacting with colleagues, and confidence in practice. Conclusion: It is judged that the team is engaged in clinical practice with the process of expanding the thinking and human relationships, and self-examination, while engaging in the learning experience of the team for simulation of asthma patients.
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English Modelling, Prenatal development of the fetus, Rational diet, Mathematical model, Differentiated dietetic nutrition.http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2923http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2923Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareA Review of the Possible Implication of COVID-19 Lockdown on Eating Habits
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English Eating habits, COVID-19, Lockdown, Stress eating, Binge eating, Eating frequencyhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2924http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2924Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareAnalysis of the Quality of New Varieties of Mung Bean
English6170Dilodar MirkhodjaevaEnglish Gulnoza DjakhangirovaEnglish Dilorom GafurovaEnglish Nodira AykhodjaevaEnglishIntroduction: The problem of protein deficiency in the diet of the world’s population has been and remains one of the most urgent. Large-scale research is being carried out everywhere to find new raw protein resources for use in the production of socially significant food products, in particular bread. Aim and Objective: The purpose of the work was to study the quality of new varieties of mung bean, selected and grown in Uzbekistan, as a potential protein fortifier of bread products. The experimental part of the work was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Food Technology of the Tashkent Chemical-Technological Institute and the Central Laboratory of the State Bread Inspection. The research methods were used traditionally for the laboratories of food production enterprises. The ways of increasing the protein value of flour products are analyzed. The most priority ones have been identified, taking into account various factors, namely, availability, processing facilities, cost. This primarily applies to the mung bean. Result: A comparative analysis of the chemical composition of seeds of mung bean varieties “Durdona” and “Zilola” with wheat grain has been carried out. It was found that in the studied samples of mung bean the content of proteins was on average 1.8, sugars - 3.5, fibre - 1.7, ash - 2.0 times more than in wheat grain. In addition to the standard set of nutrients, the uniqueness of mung bean lies in the presence of natural antioxidants - flavonol glycosides (vitexin and isovitexin). The effectiveness of special technological methods of pretreatment of seeds, namely peeling or germination, to increase the mass fraction of protein in them has been substantiated. Conclusion: It has been established that peeling and germination of mung bean will increase their protein value relative to samples not subjected to special treatment (control), respectively, by 9.2 and 23.4%. The authors consider it possible to use mung bean processing products in the production of bakery products from high-quality wheat flour to increase their biological value while maintaining satisfactory organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics.
English Mung bean, Wheat grain, Bean shelling, Bean sprouting, Nutritional value, Safetyhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2925http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2925Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareApplications of 3 Dimensional (3D) Printing in Biomedical Field
English7175Archana DhyaniEnglish Nardev SinghEnglish Vijay KumarEnglish Ashish DhyaniEnglishIntroduction: Three Dimensional (3D) printing was a daydream for various researchers and scientists. But now in today’s era, this dream comes into reality. 3D printing is a rapidly growing technique in this era. Objective: The objective of this review was to describe advanced applications of 3D printing in the biomedical field. Methods: The methodology involves the critical review of the topic through different authentic scientific sources such as ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Google Scholar, etc. with the help of appropriate keywords. Results: 3D system provide opportunities to medical and pharmaceutical industries to design more specific and authentic drug delivery system, high productivity of surgical and implants, more précised and personalized health care system and it is also helpful to save the life of people due to any organ failure or damage in case of any accidents or diseases. 3D printing is used to generate models, devices, surgical tools, delivery system, implants, and prostheses. Conclusion: 3D printing has great potential for future use in the biomedical field. In future, 3D printing will bring a revolution in the health care system.
English 3 D printing, Bioprinters, Health care system, Pharmaceuticals, Prostheses, Implantshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2926http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2926Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareComparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “ Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery
English7681Avijit SinghEnglish Sumit Pratap SinghEnglish Vishwa Deepak TripathiEnglish Mayank YadavEnglish Mohd Azam HaseenEnglish Vinay KrishnaEnglishBackground: The TTK Chitra mechanical heart valve prosthesis (CHVP) is a mono-leaflet, tilting disc design heart valve, which was developed in India and relatively cheaper than western Mechanical Prosthetic valve. Very limited studies are available for the comparison of CHVP versus western mechanical prosthetic heart valve. This study was designed to compare the Indian valve vs. western valve. Methods: It was a single centre, retrospective-prospective follow-up study. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee(Ethical clearance was not required) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Among records of the hospital management system 531 medical records screened, 378 subjects met the inclusion-exclusion criteria and were included for analysis. SPSS software was used for analysis. Results: The results of this study indicate that the long term performance of the St. Jude Mechanical heart valve and TTK Chitra mechanical valve prostheses is comparable in terms of clinical benefits, adverse events and mortality. Conclusions: The CHVP offers equivalent results at almost half the cost of an imported St Jude Mechanical heart valve making the prospect of cardiac surgery available to a large number of deserving patients in resource-limited settings.
English CHVP, SJM, TTK Chitra, Mechanical Prosthetic Valvehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2927http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2927Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareDental Practice Guidelines in the Precariousness of COVID-19: A Review
English8287Gargi NimbulkarEnglish Niharika DubeyEnglish Shipa MandwarEnglish Samiksha DharmapuriaEnglish Amit RecheEnglish Kumar Gaurav ChhabraEnglishThe rapid spread of novel corona virus declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation has created a sense of panic across the globe, nor sparing the Dentistry in the process. The mode of transmission of the virus is through infected secretions such as saliva and respiratory secretions or their respiratory droplets, which are expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks or sings, has created the need to control the contact spread of the infectious virus between humans. This demanded a responsible emergence of medical as well as Dental care to handle the situation of the pandemic with utmost care. The need for proper guidelines from time to time has been a key to the emerging safe dental practices amongst dental professionals. Focusing not only on the emergencies but also on the routine procedures is a major challenge at the present. The best delivery of dental treatment can only be given when proper protocols are being followed. A crucial aspect being the protection of the spread of the disease from an asymptomatic patient should be considered. This review has been articulated considering the dire need of the hour to protect the dental professionals, the auxiliaries as well as the patient from the infectious spread of the disease. It encourages them to know the various methods of the protective aspects of dentistry amidst this pandemic and its importance in clinical practice. Also, additional aspects of precautions while screening the patient, while performing various procedures and the disinfection of the operatory has been discussed.
English Aerosol transmission, COVID-19, Dentistry, Guidelines, Preventionhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2928http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2928Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareExploratory Data Analysis and ETL with SAS on Hadoop Eco-system with Cervical Cancer Dataset
English88104Cheng XiaotianEnglish Vinesh ThiruchelvamEnglish Daniel Mago VistroEnglishObjective: The main objective of this project is to explore and analyse a secondary dataset which collected from “Hospital Universitario de Caracas” in Caracas, Venezuela. Methods: The dataset comprises 858 patients’ information relating to demographic information and medical history data. There is a large number of records which are left with blank, which might be intentionally avoided by the patient due to privacy considerations. SAS Studio is utilized in data exploration and data pre-processing. Data cleaning and data transformation are conducted basing on the knowledge gathered in the process of data exploration. Afterwards, the dataset was exported from SAS Studio and uploaded to Hadoop Hortonworks platform for analysing purpose. Lastly, five hypotheses have been explored with the visualization tool of Tableau.
English Data Management, SAS, Hadoop, Cervical cancer, Tableau, Healthcarehttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2929http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2929Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareGellan Gum Assisted Fabrication and Characterization of Donepezil Hydrochloride Mucoadhesive Intranasal Microspheres
English105115Purushottam S. GanganeEnglish Neha V. GhormareEnglish Debarshi Kar MahapatraEnglish Nilesh M. MahajanEnglishBackground: Alzheimer’s disease is the main reason for dementia among the older section of the community. Administration of drugs through oral route to the patients suffering from neurological disorders is a serious challenge. Intranasal pharmacotherapeutics is an integral part of the modern drug delivery module used as an alternative way due to several therapeutic advantages. Objective: The objective of this current research was to develop intranasal mucoadhesive microspheres of anti-Alzheimer’s drug donepezil HCl. Methodology: The formulations were prepared using gellan gum polymer in various drug: polymer ratios from 1:1 to 1:4 by emulsification cross-linking technique with an intention to enhance the onset of action, increase the drug bioavailability, and also to overcome the major obstacle blood-brain barrier. The prepared mucoadhesive microspheres were evaluated in terms of drug loading, entrapment efficiency, ex vivo drug permeation, histopathological characteristics, in vitro drug release, in vitro mucoadhesion, morphology, particle size, production yield, and swelling property. The prepared intranasal microspheres were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction study. Result: The fabricated intranasal microspheres had good spherical nature and excellent swelling property with entirely smooth surfaces. After reaching the nasal mucosa, the mucoadhesive microspheres formulations come in contact with the nasal fluid (containing cations), spontaneous viscous gelation (decreases the clearance rate) occurs in the nasal cavity, and the activity enhances several-folds by elevating the residence duration. Conclusion: This study opened new avenues for enhancing the pharmaceutical efficacy of donepezil HCl in Alzheimer’s patient through intranasal route.
English Donepezil, Intranasal, Mucoadhesive, Microsphere, Drug absorption, Bioavailabilityhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2930http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2930Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6Life SciencesInfluence of Ultrasonic Active Water on Hydrothermal Processing of Wheat Grains Grown in Dry Climates
English116121Ravshanov Suvankul SafarovichEnglishAim and Objective: In this paper, with the increase of the world's population, it is becoming increasingly important to expand the production and variety of food products and ensure their natural ecological purity, and the high potential properties of bread using hydrothermal treatment combined with ultrasonic treatment of water describes the pre-grinding process of wheat grown in dry climates to produce a variety of flours. Method: Abnormal physicochemical properties of water for pre-processing of wheat grains were studied. For the pre-mill process, methods of water activation using ultrasonic waves in hydrothermal treatment have been proposed. The effect of different frequency modes of ultrasonic treatment on the physicochemical properties of water was studied in the frequency range from 80 Gts to 43 kHz for the process of wheat grown in Uzbekistan to hydrothermal milling. Result: In the hydrothermal treatment of low-transparency wheat grains, wetting of up to 15% with water under the influence of ultrasound at a frequency of 80 - 100 Hz was found to be effective. Such processing has been studied to improve flour yield and baking properties
English Activated water, Wheat grain, Ultrasonic activation, Baking propertieshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2931http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2931Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareA Digital Cephalometric Study to Evaluate the Effect of Age in Relating the Level of Ala Tragal Line to the Occlusal Plane
English122127Lambodaran GEnglish Jagadesaan NEnglish Peter JohnEnglish S. A. Mohamed AliEnglishAim of the study: To evaluate the influence of age on the levels of ala tragal line concerning the occlusal plane in south Indian population. Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 Subjects were divided into two groups with each group having 50 subjects (25 male & 25 Female) based on their age, Group A 20 to 35 years and Group B 36 to 50 years of age with angles class I malocclusion. The radio-opaque markers (lead balls) were then placed about superior tragus, middle tragus, inferior tragus and ala of the nose. Following this, a lateral cephalogram was made and the corresponding angles, from ala (A) to the superior margin of the tragus (ST), ala (A) to the middle margin of the tragus (MT), From ala (A) to the inferior margin of the tragus (IT) were measured using Facad software and the results were statistically analysed. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean angle of IT (group A – 2.990; group B – 3.240) the line from the ala of the nose to the tragus of the ear was found to be the lowest in both the groups and was almost parallel to the occlusal plane in both the groups. On Statistical analysis, the mean difference was found to be almost similar in both the groups and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups P>0.05. Conclusion: The line running from the ala of the nose to the inferior part of the tragus of the ear is more parallel to the occlusal plane in south Indian population irrespective of the age group.
English Ala tragal line, Occlusal plane, Facade software, The effect of age, Digital cephalometryhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2932http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2932Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareKnowledge Regarding Sickle Cell Anaemia among Newly Married Couples: A Qualitative Study
English128133Nilima RakshaleEnglish Tessy SebastianEnglish Kumudini HatwarEnglish Pooja BhoyarEnglish Komal BhuteEnglish Pallavi BhusariEnglish Pooja JaiswalEnglish Pratiksha KambdiEnglishBackground: Sickle cell anaemia has a high prevalence in India, especially in the central and western regions like Jharkhand, Bihar, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh and poses a considerable health burden. Dr. Bhosale says that in Maharashtra, most patients are either from Nagpur, Wardha, or the Amravati belt. While the sickle cell mutation was first observed in South India among the tribal groups, the condition afflicts both tribal and non-tribal populations. Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge regarding sickle cell anaemia among newly married couples in a rural area. 2. To associate knowledge regarding sickle cell anaemia among newly married couples with selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: This study was based on a descriptive research design. The population was the newly married couple from the Wardha district. The subject consisted of 50 newly married couples of 1-2 years, in the selected community of Wardha district. Results: According to information regarding sickle cell anaemia reveals that 86% of their husband and 64% of the wife had information about sickle cell anaemia and remaining need not have any information. Conclusion: This study concluded after analysis that males are having more knowledge than females regarding sickle cell anaemia among newly married couples.
English Assess, Knowledge, Newly married couple, Sickle anaemiahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2933http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2933Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareLipid-Based Solid Dispersions of Azilsartan Medoxomil with Improved Oral Bioavailability: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation
English134139Dhiraj Kumar ChopraEnglish Durga Madhab KarEnglish Pratap Kumar SahuEnglishIntroduction: Among the various techniques established, lipid-based solid dispersion approach is one by which the bioavailability of BCS class II drug shall be significantly increased without affecting the permeability of drug. Aim & Objective: The main aim of the current research work is to evaluate the potential of lipid-based solid dispersions of Azilsartan Medoxomil to enhance oral bioavailability of Azilsartan Medoxomil (BCS Class IV molecule). Methodology: ASD has been prepared using different hydrophilic lipid-based carriers such as gelucire 44/14 and gelucire 50/13 at the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Pearlitol SD 200 was used as the hydrophilic carrier in all the formulations to convert the lipidbased solid dispersion to free-flowing powder. Solid dispersions were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Prepared ASD’s were evaluated for their micromeritics properties, saturation solubility, in vitro dissolution, and in vivo bioavailability in selected rats. Results: Among the formulations prepared, formulation (ASD6) containing gelucire 50/13 (1:3), Pearlitol SD 200 as the carrier has shown enhanced drug release (98.9 ± 1.9 release in 30 minutes) and solubility (65.57mg/mL) compared to other formulations. Hence, this formulation is evaluated for comparative in vivo bioavailability in rats along with pure drug and marketed formulation (Zilarbi). It was found that relative bioavailability of ASD6 was increased by 1.11 times compared to pure drug and increased by 1.04 times compared to marketed formulation. Conclusion: Hence, the study demonstrated that lipid-based solid dispersion technology can lead to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs like Azilsartan medoxomil significantly
EnglishLipid-based, Liquid solid dispersions, Bioavailability, Dissolution, Solubilityhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2934http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2934Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareMixtures of Vegetable Fat as a Potential Raw Material for Bakery
English140148Djurayeva NafisaEnglish Barakayev NusratillaEnglish Rakhmonov KakhramonEnglish Atamuratova TamaraEnglish Mukhamedova MukhabbatEnglish Muzaffarova KholidaEnglishIntroduction: Bread and bakery products, due to their high taste and nutritional properties, are in great demand among the population. Aim and Objective: The study aimed to develop a recipe and technology for the preparation of bakery products from vegetablefat mixtures, balanced in fatty acid composition following modern nutritional requirements for good nutrition. Analyzed the current development priorities of the main sectors of the food industry; identified the most promising of them, in particular, the modification of socially significant food products (fats) by combining them with traditional and non-traditional fat-free oils and low-oil plant raw materials as a source of physiologically functional nutrients. The chemical composition of raw materials has been studied to determine its biological value and food safety. The efficiency of using flour from wheat germ in the composition of vegetable-fat composite mixtures for bakery production has been substantiated. Method: The experimental part of the work was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Food Technology of the Bukhara Engineering and Technological Institute and in the accredited complex of the testing laboratory of the Center for Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare in Bukhara. The research methods traditional for laboratories of food industry enterprises were used. Mixes of flour from wheat germ are offered; animal fat; melted butter; palm, soybean and sunflower oil, balanced in fatty acid content. The expediency of heat treatment of composite mixtures with a flour content from the germ product up to 30.0% of the mixture mass at a temperature of 40 -50 ° C, more than 30% - up to 70 ° C for 10 years. justified 15 minutes, which will increase the degree of its microbiological purity; to reduce the enzymatic action of lipase, protease and embryonic lipoxygenase; extend the shelf life of mixtures up to 45 days. Result: The optimal dosage of the flour of the germ product was determined to be 70.0% by weight of the raw materials of the mixtures. The possibility of replacing from 30.0 to 50.0% of solid fats with vegetable oils has been proven. A positive effect of the developed composites in the amount of up to 5.0% of the amount of prescription flour on the quality of bread made from 1st-grade wheat flour has been established. Conclusion: The authors consider it expedient to use vegetable-fat mixtures in the production of bakery products from high-quality wheat flour, providing a high consumer value of this type of product.
English Oils, Bread bakery, Oil raw materials, Combination, Safety, Quality, Vegetable and fat mixtureshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2935http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2935Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareNanotechnology: A Curative Approach to Combat HIV-AIDS
English149161Manoj BaghelEnglish Inampudi SailajaEnglish Ivvala Anand ShakerEnglishHIV-AIDS is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century to cure. However, in the current scenario, various antiretroviral drugs are available which makes the condition chronic rather than worse which manages to increase the survival rate. Antiretroviral drugs are manageable but the bioavailability, lower permeability; poor half-life of the drug limits the potent activity. High dose drug administration leads to higher toxicity which arrays adverse effects and develops resistance against HIV strain. Potent targeting of drugs is lacking due to its instability, chemical degradation, and tissue barrier restriction. The application of nanotechnology to anti-retroviral drug delivery holds the capacity to cure AIDS. The nanotechnology-based efficient delivery system of Nanocarrier (liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, nano-emulsion, nanovesicles) plays a major role in drug delivery. Nanocarrier has revolutionized the field of pharmaceutics in the world of drug delivery. This review depicts the nano-based system which is incorporated or encased with ARV drug to increase its efficiency or effectiveness with low adverse effect to abort HIV.
English Antiretroviral drug, Nanocarrier, HIV, AIDS, Nanotechnology, Drug deliveryhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2936http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2936Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcarePerception of Pandemic Related Anxiety Among Indian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study During COVID-19 Pandemic
English162167Lipilekha PatnaikEnglish Saswatika BeuraEnglish Sibabratta PatnaikEnglish Sumitra PattanaikEnglish Trilochan SahuEnglishBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is the biggest public health threat to the whole world to date. The whole world is in a state of severe stress and anxiety because of this deadly pandemic. Objective: To assess the anxiety of the general public for COVID-19 and to analyse their preparedness. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in March 2020 among Indian adults more than 18 years of age. Data of 505 persons were included in analysis. A google form was created and sent to the e-mail address and WhatsApp groups. Data were collected regarding anxiety related to COVID19, their preparedness and level of trust towards information given. Results: Among participants, 46.1% had anxiety about being infected and 50.1% had anxiety about family members being infected and 56.7% had hesitation to meet with others. About one-third of participants had mental exhaustion and 22.8% had insomnia. More than 80% participants had purchased mask, 96.8% had purchased hand sanitizers/ hand wash, 75.8% had kept necessary medicines, 62% had kept groceries and 70% had restricted the access of outsiders to their home. About 99% follow the advice given by public health authority,92.5% of participants stay at home. More than 90% maintain a social distance of 2 metres, about 97% of participants personally comply, make children and family members comply and encourage friends to comply with official recommendations. Conclusion: Anxiety due to COVID-19 pandemic is a matter of concern. To improve their mental health, online health education and counselling can be offered by health professionals
EnglishCorona, Mental health, Outbreak, Stress, COVID preparednesshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2937http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2937Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareReliability of Physical Examination and Electrocardiogram in Determination of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Hospital Based Study
English168171Gajanan V. WasalwarEnglish D. S. WasnikEnglishAlthough acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common disorder that makes people seek emergency healthcare, there is little evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs, for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Aims: Current study was done to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of physical examination & electrocardiogram for detecting acute myocardial infarction compared to the reference standard. Material: Of the 481 patients enrolled, we evaluated 450 patients, 279 (62%) men and 171 women (38%); aged 20 years to 90 years. The patients with acute myocardial infarction were aged almost similar to those without infarction (58.6 vs. 57.1 years). Results: The prevalence of acute myocardial infarction was 41% (187 of 450). Of the 187 patients with acute AMI, 145 (78%) were assigned a discharge diagnosis of ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 42 (22%) were assigned a diagnosis of non-ST elevated myocardial infarction. A total of 34 of 145 (23%) patients with STEMI died, compared to 4 of 42(10%) patients with non-STEMI. Conclusion: Our study concluded that no single sign or symptom or a laboratory diagnostic method with possible acute MI proved effective enough alone to rule in or out AMI.
English Myocardial infarction, Electrocardiogram, STEMI, smoking, Obesity, Hypertension and diabeteshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2938http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2938Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6Life SciencesSecondary Metabolites from the Leaf of Milletia Aboensis Against Streptococcus Mutans Isolated from Carious Lesions
English172177Calister U. EzehEnglish Eze E. AjaegbuEnglish Oluwapelumi O. KomolafeEnglish Adaobi J. DiekeEnglish Flora N. EzugworieEnglish Adeniran J. IkuesanEnglish Adaora L. OnuoraEnglish Florence O. NdukaEnglish Jennifer N. Ewa-ElechiEnglish Juliet O. NwigweEnglish Ese EnglishObjectives: The use of traditional medicine as a source of relief from illness is a long-lasting practice. This is because of the possible adverse effects associated with synthetic drugs. The investigation of more plants with antimicrobial activities has been fuelled by the increase of multidrug resistivity of most clinical isolates. Although the leaf of Millettia aboensis has shown antimicrobial potentials against some clinical isolates, there is no report against Streptococcus mutans and detection of the phytoconstituents present. Methods: Extraction was done according to the maceration process using methanol and further purification via liquid-liquid partitioning. The clinical samples used were cultured anaerobically and aerobically within 72 hr and 48 hr with the blood agar and brain heart infusion broth respectively. The isolates were identified using appropriate tests and methods. The fractions were further analysed for their Phyto-constituents with the help of High pressure liquid chromatography – diode array (HPLC-DAD). Results: Methanol extraction using 50 g of plant material produced 12.72% wet weight, while the fractions using 90 g of methanol extract produced 30.38% for water, 20.57% for hexane, 6.65% for ethyl acetate, and 4.19% for butanol as percentage yield. The compounds detected from the fractions of the leaf extract of M. aboensis includes septicine - 1, cyclopenol - 2, psammaplin A - 3, 3-phenyl chromen-4-one - 4, hyperin - 5, rikuzenol - 6, hyperoside – 7 and N N-dimethyl tryptophan methyl ester - 8. There was zero antimicrobial activity recorded at 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/ml against Strep. mutans. Conclusion: The phytoconstituents present in the fractions are promising lead compounds for subsequent investigation in search of new bioactive agents.
EnglishMillettia aboensis, Antimicrobial, Extract, fractions, Streptococcus mutanshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2939http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2939Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareRopivacaine vs Levobupivacaine Scalp BlockIntraoperative Hemodynamic Stability and Requirement of Additional Analgesia in Supratentorial Craniotomy, a Comparative Study
English178182Dnyanada DeshmukhEnglish Pawan DeshmukhEnglish Sanjeev Kumar AgrawalEnglish Manisha Bhatt DwivediEnglishBackground: Neuroanaesthesia is very challenging as maintaining good haemodynamic stability intraoperatively is important. Scalp block can be an effective measure in providing good peri-operative haemodynamic stability and favourable postoperative neurological profile for assessment. Aim: To compare the efficacy of isobaric 0.5% Ropivacaine with isobaric 0.5% Levobupivacaine when used for scalp block in terms of intraoperative haemodynamic stability and requirement of additional analgesia and anaesthetics intraoperatively. Methods: 60 patients of either sex, aged between 18 to 60 years, ASA grade I and II undergoing elective supratentorial craniotomy under General Anaesthesia (GA) were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group B was given scalp block with isobaric 0.5% Levobupivacaine whereas Group R with isobaric 0.5% Ropivacaine. Scalp block was performed after standard GA induction using Modified Pinosky technique. Intraoperative surges in heart rate (HR) or systolic blood pressure (SBP) were noted in response to skull pin insertion and scalp incision. Overall haemodynamic stability and total requirement of additional analgesia and anaesthetics intraoperatively were noted. Results: The response to pin insertion was obtunded by both Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine but overall, the response to pin insertion concerning mean HR was better in Group B than Group R. The response to incision was blunted in both the groups but was better in Group R. The requirement of additional analgesia and anaesthetic was higher in Group R than Group B and therefore, hemodynamic stability also appears to be better in Group R. Conclusion: Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine (20 ml of isobaric 0.5% conc.) when used for scalp block, were both effective in preventing sympathetic response to skull pin insertion and incision. However, overall Levobupivacaine has better efficacy
EnglishCraniotomy, Scalp block, Ropivacaine, Levobupivacaine.http://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2940http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2940Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareSemi Supervised Learning to Classify Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
English183187Prabu Setyaji and Preethi SubramanianEnglishBackground: Health is one of the vital factors for human survival and continuous efforts are focused on research in this domain. Spreading of tuberculosis increases from year to year and is a life threat that exists since antiquity. Problem: The problem gets complicated with other viruses like HIV and drug-resistant tuberculosis. World Health Organization has published data about drug-resistant tuberculosis to analyze the problems faced. Objective: This paper focuses on applying a semi-supervised learning model to prescribe recommendations based on data analytics. Three models such as the Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting and Neural Network are trained to predict the clusters. Gradient Boosting can perform the best with the lowest misclassification rate and the majority cluster is identified based on its impact and population. Conclusion: The outcome of this analysis can provide recommendations to the health domain to reduce the spread of diseases like tuberculosis and also enhance the preparedness in terms of drug production.
English Semi Supervised Learning, Gradient boosting, Prescriptive analyticshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2941http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2941Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareTechnology Transfer: An Overview of Process Transfer From Development to Commercialization
English188192Kanak PandeyEnglish Himanshu JoshiEnglish Sonia PaliwalEnglish Shikha PawarEnglish Navin KumarEnglishObjective: The journey of a brand-new compound from a quest laboratory followed by pilot plant production then proportion batches whereas below going through validation to a commercial product is explained under this text. A definitive objective for fruitful innovation move is to have archived proof that the fabricating measures for drug substances and medication item, individually, are hearty and successful in creating the medication substances what’s more, drug item agreeing to the enlisted particulars and Good Manufacturing Practice necessities. This critical review attempts to clarify regarding the assorted problems associated with Technology Transfer and also the completely different side of Technology transfer within the field of Pharmacy. This text will discuss regarding the requirement, importance and factors moving method also the steps concerned within the process of Technology Transfer. Conclusion: This article explains a significant choice centres around where the thought or cycle is progressed from a pharma research-situated program focuses on commercialization.
English Drug Discovery, Drug Development, Pharmaceutical Commercialization, Scale Up, Need of Technology Transfer, Technology Transfer Processhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2942http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2942Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411219EnglishN2020October6HealthcareTo Find Out Immediate Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation in Hypertensive Patients
English193197Samiksha SatheEnglish Kirti ThodgeEnglish Tejal RajandekarEnglish Anshu AgrawalEnglishBackground: A lot of studies have shown the immediate effect of Bhramari pranayama on cardiovascular parameters in healthy individuals but to the best of our knowledge none have been done on the hypertensive patients Aim: This study aimed to determine the immediate effects of Bhramari pranayama on hypertensive patients in terms of Systolic and Diastolic Blood pressure, Heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO2) Methods: Total of 40 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups experimental (Bhramari pranayama) and the control group of 20 each. The experimental group performed the Bhramari pranayama for 5 minutes. The control group did not receive any treatment. Pre and immediate post-intervention scores were measured in terms of systolic BP, Diastolic BP, heart rate and SpO2. Result: On comparing the pre and post-intervention values of the outcome measures, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference in Systolic BP values in Bhramari pranayama group. No significant difference was seen in Pre and Post values of Systolic and Diastolic BP, Heart rate and SpO2 values in Control group. On comparing between the groups, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of systolic BP, Diastolic BP, heart rate and SpO2 Conclusion: Based on the present study, it can be concluded that the Bhramari pranayama has an immediate positive effect on reducing the Systolic Blood pressure acting through parasympathetic dominance. It can be practised in daily routine to reduce the stress originated cardiovascular risk in future.
English Hypertension, Immediate effect, Bhramari pranayamahttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2943http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2943