Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411120EnglishN2019October30HealthcarePrevalence of Neck Pain in Computer Workers in Surat City: A Cross-sectional Study English0108Sneha Hiren BhalalaEnglishAim: The purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence of neck pain in computer workers. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study amongst neck pain in computer workers of 20-50 year old. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional study was done. 100computer worker in that 81 male and 19 female, they should be working on computer for at least 3 hours / day of different company in Surat were surveyed after written informed consent with a semi-structured questionnaire including Neck Disability Index. Conclusion: From this study it is concluded that 55 % of the people of age group 20 to 50 years have mild and moderate neck pain. EnglishNeck pain, Computer operators, Ergonomics INTRODUCTION - Neck pain is a common health problem in the general population and especially among computer workers. Most people experience some degree of neck pain in their lifetime.1,2 It was also described in the 18th century, along with other work related upper limb disorders by Bernardini Ramazzini- an Italian physician and the father of occupational medicine - when he said the diseases : “... arise from three causes; firstly, constant sitting, secondly the perpetual motion of the hand in the same manner, and thirdly the attention and the application of the mind...”3 Musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and shoulder in office workers are likely influenced by prolonged static working  positions,4   leading  to  continuous  activity  of  low-threshold  motor  units,reduced local blood flow, accumulation of Ca2+, and other homeostatic changes in theactive muscle fibers.5,6 Thus, pain symptoms appear to worsen during prolonged static muscle activity and repetitive job tasks.7,8 The associated costs are enormous, as white-collar workers with neck/shoulder pain have a 35% increased risk of long-term sickness absence.9 Structures of neck: There are seven vertebrae that are the bony building blocks of the spine in the neck that surround the spinal cord and canal. Between these vertebrae are discs, and nearby pass the nerves of the neck. Within the neck, structures include the neck muscles, veins, arteries, lymph glands, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, esophagus, larynx and trachea. Diseases or conditions that affect any of these tissues of the neck can lead to neck pain.10 The cervical spine has a “C” shaped curve which opens in the back. In the healthy cervical spine displaying a moderate degree of lordosis, a good share of weight bearing is on the zygoapophyses because the line of cumulative loading of Compressive forces are posterior to the centre of the vertebral bodies. The more the cervical curve flattens, the more superimposed weight is shifted to the disc.10, 11 An unpleasant sensation that can range from mild, localized discomfort to agony. Pain has both physical and emotional components. The physical part of pain results from nerve stimulation. Pain is mediated by specific nerve fibers that carry the pain impulses to the brain where their conscious appreciation may be modified by many factors. The word "pain" comes from the Latin "poena". Neck is the spinal structure that supports the head. It is least protected structure compared to the rest of the spine. Due to its anatomical structure the neck is highly vulnerable to injury and from conditions that produce pain and restriction of motion. Forward head posture is one of the contributing factors for the postural neck pain which is habitually assumed by individual working on the computers.12 Having your head rest too far forward can cause the ‘C’ shaped curve in your neck to decrease, and keeping your head too far back can accentuate it. These positions can increase the amount of stress placed on the muscles, ligaments, facets and discs in and around your neck. This undue stress can cause neck pain.11          Sustained passive loading of such innervated tissue in functional sitting postures may provoke a local tissue reaction possibly causing pain. In computer professionals working is related to increasing hours of computer use and incomplete work rest cycle.13,14,15 Musculoskeletal discomfort in neck, shoulder and upper extremity area in professional working on video display hours of computer use and incomplete work rest cycle, i.e. increased frequency of those using input device such mouse or key board.15,16 By ergonomics interventions such as supporting the forearm on table-top, a reduction of postural load discomfort such as neck pain been achieved17,18,19 Work organizational factors such as increasing work pressure or hurry and lack of job security or decision making opportunities as well as problem in work atmosphere may contribute to an increased occurrence of work related musculoskeletal complains.20 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES              Aim: - To estimate the prevalence of neck pain in computer workers. Objective: - To study of consequences of neck pain in terms of disability in daily life. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Statement of study: The study of prevalence of neck pain in computer worker between age group of 20 to 50 years. Significance of study: This study will help to know about the prevalence of neck pain in computer operators in Surat city Study design: Study design:  Cross-sectional study Sampling method: Convenient sampling method Sample size: 100 subjects Sample source: The location for the research was selected as Surat city. Enwisen Consulting LLP, Adajan, Surat.                         Pranesh Agrawal & Co. Chartered Accountants, Chhapania Sheri, Surat. FINlogic technologies India Pvt. Limited, Udhna, Surat Outcome Measure: Neck Disability Index Inclusion Criteria: Subjects willing to participate. Neck pain people of age group 20 to 50 years were included. Persons using computer more than 3 hours a day. Both males and females were included in this study. Exclusion Criteria Any  specific  medical  condition  affecting  the  cervical  spine.  (such  as ankylosing spondylitis, tumors, infection, and rheumatoid arthritis) Subjects below and above age group 20 to 50 years were excluded. Material: Pen, Pencil, Paper, Questionnaire form Questionnaire used:-             Neck Disability Index (NDI) NDI questionnaire is designed to provide information of how neck pain affects a person’s ability to manage in everyday life. The questionnaire has 10 components and each component has scoring 0 to 5. Thus total score achievable is 50. Greater score indicates greater disability. Scores (out of 50) 0-4  No Disability 5-14 Mild Disability 15-24 Moderate Disability 25-34  Sever Disability >35 Complete Disability Test–retest reliability for NDI is found to be good, r=0.89. Interclass correlation (ICC) =0.68, 95% CI=0.54-0.90. Cronbach’s alpha is 0.80. Specificity and sensitivity are 59% and 52% respectively.28 Procedure for data collection:- One hundred computer workers (19 females and 81 males) whose age ranged from 20 to 50 years participated in the study. Participation in the study was voluntary and informed consent was taken prior to participation. They were selected by convenient sampling. Workers were explained about this study and about the questionnaires that were to be filled prior to the participation. Questionnaires, Neck Disability Index was then handed out amongst the workers in the company and collected after being filled. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS From the above table we can say that: 56 % People have no pain at the moment. 18 % People have very mild pain at the moment. 13 % People have moderate pain at the moment 8 % People have fairly severe pain at the moment. 1 % People have very severe at the moment. 4% People have worst pain at the moment. From the above study we can say that: 60% People can look after themselves without causing extra pain(0) 10% People can look after themselves normally but it causes extra pain(1) 19% People have pain to look after themselves and are slow and careful(2) 7 % People need some help but manage most of their personal care(3) 2% people need help every day in most aspects of self-care. (4) 2% people do not get dressed; wash with difficulty and stay in bed. (5)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          From the above study, we can say that: 40 % of People can lift heavy weights without extra pain.(0 ) 30% of People can lift heavy weight, but it gives extra pain (1) In 9%  People, pain prevents them from lifting heavy weight of the floor but they can manage if they are conveniently positioned. (2) In13 %  People pain prevents them from lifting heavy weights but they can manage light to medium weights if they are conveniently positioned.(3) 8% people can lift very light weight.(4) From the above study, we can say that: 39% People can read as much as they want to with no pain in their neck(0) 27% People can read as much as they want to with slight pain in their neck(1) 14 % People can read as much as they want with moderate pain in their neck(2) 14% People cannot read as much as they want because of moderate pain in their neck(3) 7% People can hardly read at all because of severe pain in their neck (4).   From the above study, we can say that, 39% people have no headaches at all(0) 29% People have slight headaches that come infrequently(1) 5% People have moderate headaches which come frequently(2) 10% People have severe headaches which come frequently(3) 6% People have severe headaches which come frequently. (4) 15%people have headaches almost all the time. (5) From the above study, we can say that: 39% People can concentrate fully when they want to with no difficulty (0) 29% People can concentrate fully when they want to with slight difficulty (1) 14% People have a fair degree of difficulty in concentrating when they want to(2) 1% People have a lot of difficulty in concentrating when they want to (3) 6% People have a great deal of difficulty in concentrating when they want to. (4) 11% people cannot concentrate at all. (5)   From the above study, we can say that: 47% People can do as much as work as they want to(0) 13% People can do their usual work, but no more(1) 17% People can do most of their usual work, bit no more(2) 17% People cannot do their work(3) 4% People can hardly do any work at all. (4) 2% People cannot do any work at all. (5)     From the above study, we can say that: 36% People can drive car without neck pain. (0) 30% People can drive car as long as they want with slight pain in neck. (1) 8% People can drive car as long as they want with moderate pain in neck. (2)  14% People cannot drive car as long as they want because of moderate pain in neck. (3) 2% People can hardly drive car at all because of severe pain in neck. (4) 10% People cannot drive car at all. (5)   From the above study, we can say that: 53% People have no trouble sleeping (0) 18% People sleep is slightly disturbed (less than 1 hour sleepless). (1) 9% People sleep is mildly disturbed (1-2 hours sleepless). (2) 14% People sleep is moderately disturbed (2-3 hours sleepless). (3) 4% People sleep is greatly disturbed (3-5 hours sleepless).(4) 2% People sleep is completely disturbed (5-7 hours sleepless). (5)   From the above study, we can say that 50% People are able to engage in all recreation activities with no neck pain at all(0) 18% People are able to engage in all their recreation activities with some pain in the neck(1) 13% People are able to engage in most but not all of their usual recreation activities because of pain in their neck(2) 15% People able engage in a few of usual recreational activities because of pain in neck. (3)   Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2636http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=2636 Makela, M., et al, Prevalence, determinants, and consequences of chronic neck pain in Finland. Am J Epidemiol, 199 1341356-67. Sluiter, J.K., Rest, K.M and Frings-Dresen, M.H, Criteria document for evaluating the work-relatedness of upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2001. 27 Suppl 1: p. 1-10 Van der Windt DAWM, Thomas E, Pope DP, et al. Occupational risk factors for shoulder  pain:  a   systematic   review. Occupational   and   Environmental Medicine. 2000;57(7):433–442. [PMC free article][PubMed] Visser    B,     van     Dieen    JH.     Pathophysiology    of     upper    extremity        muscle disorders. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2006;16(1):1–16. [PubMed] Staal JB, de Bie RA, Hendriks EJM. Aetiology and management of work-related upper  extremity  disorders. Best  Practice  and  Research:   Clinical Rheumatology. 2007;21(1):123–133. [PubMed] Buckle  P.  Ergonomics  and  musculoskeletal  disorders:  overview. Occupational Medicine. 2005; 55(3):164–167. [PubMed] Blangsted AK, Hansen K, Jensen C. Muscle activity during computer-based office work in relation to self-reported job demands and gender. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2003; 89(3-4):352–358.[PubMed]    Hagberg M, thiringer G,(2005 July) prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the student enrolled in academic music education.phy thm,2005,132-144 Cho CY, Hwang IS, Chen CC, the association between musculoskeletal symptoms psychological distress experienced by Chinese students.2003, 591-677. Bart N Green (Aug 2008 San Diego) studied neck pain associated with computer use: public health implications. Eur Spine J.2007; 16(5):679-89[Pub Med]. Prawit Janwantanakul, Praneet Pensri, Viroj Jiamjarasrangsri and Thanes Sinsongsook (Thailand) studied prevalence of self-reported musculo skeletal symptoms among office workers. Occupational Medicine 2008 58(6):436-438. (Occmed) T. Korhonen, R. Ketola, R. Toivonen, R. Luukkonen, M. Hakkanen and E. Vikkari – Juntura studied work related and individual predictors for incident neck pain among office employees working with video display unit. Ptjournal 89:351-360. Siivola SM, Levoska S, Latvala K, Hoskio E, Vanharanta H, Keinanen – Kiukaanniemi S. (2004) studied on predictive factors for neck and shoulder pain. Cho CY (2003) has studied that the incidence of faulty posture was high for the adolescent group, especially for the uneven shoulder level. The relationship among number of faulty posture, psychological distress and musculoskeletal symptoms were low. Smith DR, Tanka H (19th December 2003) concluded that muscular in balance is common among rural Japanese Nurses and its prevalence is consistent between related facilities. Diepenmaat AC, Van Der Wal MF, De Vet HC, Hirasing RA (2001) studied that neck / shoulder, low back and arm pain in relation to computer use, physical activities, stress and depression among Dutch adolescents. Poussa MS,Helivaara MM,Seitsamo JT,Kononen MH,Hurmerinta KA,Nissinen MJ(1997) studied on predictors of neck pain: a cohort study of children followed up from the age of 11 to 22 years. Auvinen J, Tammelin T,Taimela S,Zitting P,Karppinen (1991) studied that neck and shoulder pain in relation to physical activity and sedentary activities in adolescents. Dr. S A Shah, Dr. P R Patel studied on prevalence of neck pain in computer operators in Ahmedabad. NHL Journal of Medical Sciences/ Jan 2015/ Vol 4/ issue 1. Faiza Sabeen,Muhammad Salman Bashir,Syed Imtiaz Hussain,Sarah Ehsan studied on prevalence of neck pain in computer users, Pakistan. ANNALS VOL 19, ISSUE 2, APR. – JUN. 2013 Mst Halima Khatun, Pradip Sen Gupta, Md Monoarul Haque- Proportion of Neck Pain and its Associated Risk Factors among Office Workers in Dhaka City, EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH- Vol. II, Issue 11/ February 2015 Smith DR, Tanka H (19th December 2003) concluded that muscular in balance is common among rural Japanese Nurses and its prevalence is consistent  between related facilities. B. Cagnie E L. Danneels E D. Van Tiggelen E ,V. De Loose E D. Cambie Individual and work related risk factors for neck pain among office workers: a cross sectional study. Eur Spine J (2007) 16:679–686 Ariens, G.A., et al., High physical and psychosocial load at work and sickness absence due to neck pain. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2002. 28(4): p. 222-31 T. Korhonen, R. Ketola, R. Toivonen, R. Luukkonen, M. Hakkanen and E. Vikkari – Juntura studied work related and individual predictors for incident neck pain among office employees working with video display unit. Ptjournal 89:351-360. David J. Magee orthopaedic physical assessment. 5th  edition, New Delhi, India. Elsevier. 2008 Van den Heuvel SG, Heinrich J, Jans MP, Van der Beek AJ, Bongers PM ( 2003) studied on the effect of physical activity in leisure time on neck and upper limb symptoms. L Smith, Q Louw, L Crous and Grimmer Somers (7 June 2008 Australia) studied prevalence of neck pain and headache: Impact of computer use and other associated factors.Cephalagia volume 29 issue 2, 250-257.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411120EnglishN2019October30HealthcarePedunculated Sub Mucosal Lipoma Leads to Ileao Ileai Intussusceptions in Adult Female with Non Obstructive Features - Case Report English0911G. Nagabushna RaoEnglish S. S. R. Nagendra BabuEnglish R. SasidharEnglish S. S. Raveendra BabuEnglish Siva KumarEnglishIntroduction: Ileal intussusceptions is the invagination of the small intestine within itself and accounts for 1% of cases of acute obstruction. However, physicians do not initially consider intussusception as a possible diagnosis of obstruction due to its rarity in adults. Case Report: 55-year-old female who was admitted to the Emergency Department with continuous abdominal pain. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed ileal intussusceptions. The patient underwent surgical removal of the segment of the small bowel and end to end anastomosis done. Case Discussion: Ileal intussusceptions with presence of Chronic abdominal pain make the surgeon difficult to choose conservative or surgical approach. Conclusion: Adult intussusceptions is a rare disease and it differs from childhood intussusception in its presentation, cause and treatment EnglishIleal intussusceptions, Bowel obstruction, Abdominal pain, Gastrointestinal lipoma, Ileum, Fibroid polypIntroduction Intussusceptions is one of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction in infancy and childhood. It can occur at any age, but the peak incidence is usually between the fifth and ninth months of Infant.  Intussusception is classified according to the duration of the symptoms. It is referred to as acute when the symptoms are under 24 hours’ duration, sub acute when the symptoms are of one to 15 days’ duration, and chronic when the symptoms are of more than 15 days’ duration. More than 80% of intussusceptions are of the ileocolic type.1 Isolated ileoileal, jejunoileal, colocolic and cecocolic intussusceptions, on the other hand, are rare. Intussusception confined to the small bowel accounts for less than 10% of all cases of childhood intussusceptions.3, 5 Small bowel intussusceptions is usually reported as a part of a large series of intussusceptions but it is different clinically from the classic ileocolic intussusceptions. Not only is it seen in a different age group, 1 but the presentation is different and there is more chance of finding a pathological lead point.1, 6 CASE REPORT  55-year-old female as admitted to our hospital with a 7-day history of periumbilical abdominal pain and then the pain had become aggravated. She had previously been in good health and his past medical history was unremarkable. Physical examination revealed diffuse abdominal tenderness, most markedly in the right lower quadrant, but no rebound tenderness was noted. The bowel sounds were increased and no mass was found without obstructive features. Her vital signs were blood pressure 140/90 mmHg, pulse rate 76/min, respiration rate 20/min and body temperature 36.5o c. The laboratory findings showed a white blood cell count of 13,400/mm3, hemoglobin 15.9 g/dl, hematocrit 45.2% and platelets 283,000/mm3. All the other studies, including the electrolytes and urinalysis, were within the reference limits. Abdominal radiography showed localized ileus in the lower abdomen, and no free air or any air-fluid level was visible. The contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed the target lesion and a complex mass in the ileum with areas of high and low attenuation, which were all suggestive of intussusception. The CT scan also showed a homogeneous mass with fat attenuation in the ileum and this was diagnostic for lipoma. Ultrasonography showed the target sign and an echogenic intraluminal mass on the axial scan, and a sausage-shaped lesion was seen on the longitudinal scan. We performed emergency laparotomy under impression of ileo-ileal intussusceptions that was caused by a pedunculated polyp. On laparotomy, an ileo-ileal intussusceptions was identified 20 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. Manual reduction was impossible due to the edema of the lesion; the involved ileal segment was resected and an end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Another intussusception was identified at the jejunum 50 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz, and then manual reduction was performed without any difficulty. No mass was palpated in the reduced bowel and no gross abnormality was seen. The postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 13th postoperative day. The resected ileum was about 40 cm in length, and the soft-natured, ovoid-shaped, 4×3×2 cm sized pedunculated polypoid mass was noted in the lumen of the resected ileum. Microscopic examination of the mass confirmed of a lipoma.                         DISCUSSION Intussusceptions are the invagination of a proximal segment of the bowel with its mesenteric fold the (intussusceptum) into the lumen of the adjacent distal segment the (intussuscipiens) as a result of peristalsis. Since its first description in 1674 by Barbette it was considered to primarily be a disease of infancy and early childhood. Adult intussusceptions represents 5%-16% of all cases of intussusceptions and 1%-5% of all cases of intestinal obstruction8. However, many cases that occurred in adults have been reported, and these account for approximately 5% of all intussusceptions, 1% of all intestinal obstructions and it shows an incidence of 0.003 to 0.02% of all hospital admissions1-5 Adult intussusceptions is unusual and it differs from childhood intussusception in its presentation, cause and treatment.  In contrast to childhood intussusception, most of adult intussusceptions are associated with an underlying lesion, and neoplasm’s, both benign and malignant, are the most frequent causes of adult intussusceptions1, 2, 5-8. In the small bowel, the neoplasm’s as the leading point of adult intussusceptions are the more often benign, and these include lipoma, Meckel’s diverticulum, postoperative adhesion, adenoma and inflammatory fibrous polyps. Approximately 30% of them are malignant lesions, with metastases and lymphoma being the most frequent. In the large bowel, 60% to 70% of the cases show malignant lesions, including. Gastrointestinal lipomas are rare benign tumors that can occur anywhere along the gut, and they are the second most common benign tumors in the small bowel after gastrointestinal stromal tumors.11 The ileum is the most common site for lipoma in the small bowel, and there has been a study that reviewed such cases and it reported that 83% of the cases were in the ileum and 75% of them were found within 60 cm of ileocecal valve.11 The peak occurrence is in the fifth to seventh decades of life, with a slight female preponderance. Lipomas are usually solitary and of various sizes ranging from 1 to 30 cm, but multiple lipomas can be found anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Because of its usual position immediately superficial to the muscularis propria, gastrointestinal lipoma can produce intussusception as the leading point or intestinal obstruction by occlusion of the bowel lumen.8-10 Ulceration of the overlying mucosa or intussusception itself can produce gastrointestinal bleeding. The size and location of the lipoma and the mobility afforded by the pseudopedicle, when present, are associated with the clinical signs and symptoms. Lipomas less than 1 cm are usually asymptomatic and they are found incidentally, while 75% of those greater than 4 cm produce symptoms such as intussusception, intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding. 8-10 Malignant degeneration has never been reported. The clinical diagnosis of childhood intussusception is usually suspected before performing imaging studies, yet the diagnosis of adult intussusception is often difficult because of the vague signs and symptoms. Adult intussusceptions usually presents with nonspecific symptoms that can be acute, intermittent or chronic. Abdominal pain is the most frequent symptom, with or without the symptoms of an intestinal obstruction.1-3,5,6 Even with the recent advances of the radiologic imaging modalities, intussusceptions is rarely diagnosed preoperatively. Barussaud et al.2 reported that the preoperative diagnosis was made in only 52% of patients, Azar and Berger1 reported 32%, and Nagorney et al.6 reported 35%. Our patient had the typical findings of intussusceptions on CT and the CT scan showed a homogeneous intraluminal mass with fat attenuation (Hounsfield units between −80 and −120) in the ileum, so we could suspect the diagnosis of an ileoileal intussusceptions caused by an ileal lipoma 9-11. Computed tomography (CT) is the imaging method of choice for diagnosing intussusception and it can helpful in revealing the underlying lesion 1,5. Several studies have proposed the laparoscopic approach as a safe and feasible therapeutic option for selected cases of adult intussusceptions, although the role of laparoscopy in managing adult intussusceptions is not yet clearly defined 14. Conclusion :- Ileo ileal intussusceptions in adults will have definite cause unless in pediatric group which is mostly idiopathic. Ileo ileal Intussusceptions in adult female is Difficult to diagnosis because of a dynamic obstructive feature with recurrent episodes. Ileo Ileal lipoma is very rare in my north coastal Andhra. In adult treatment of choice is segmental resection and end to end anastomosis of bowel. In children’s treatment of choice conservative sometimes manual reduction. Conflict of  Interest: The authors declare that they have no competitive interests. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Author’s acknowledge the great help received from the scholars whose articles cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors / editors/ publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed. Authors are grateful to IJCRR editorial board members and IJCRR team of reviewers who have helped to bring quality to this manuscript. Informed Consent: written consent taken from patient and relatives. Source of Funding: Self Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2637http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=26371) Stringer MD, Pablot SM, Brereton RJ. Pediatric intussusception. Br J Surg 1992; 79:867-76. 2) Geller FM, Hays DM. Subacute intussusception: a clinical entity in pediatric surgery. Am Surg 1962; 28:83.  3) Ein SH, Stephens CA. Intussusception: 354 cases in 10 years. J Pediatr Surg 1971; 6:16-27. 4). Kim YS, Rhu JH. Intussusception in infancy and childhood: analysis of 385 cases. Int Surg 1989;74:114-8. 5). Pollet JE. Intussusception: a study of its surgical management. Br J Surg 1980;67:213-5 6) Wang NL, Yeh ML, Chang PY, et al. Prenatal and neonatal intussusception. Pediatr Surg Int 1998;13:232-6) 6) Nagorney DM, Sarr MG, McIlrath DC. Surgical management of intussusception in the adult. Ann Surg 1981;193:230-6. 7) Croome KP, Colquhoun PH. Intussusception in adults. Can J Surg 2007;50:E13-4. 8) Manouras A, Lagoudianakis EE, Dardamanis D, Tsekouras DK, Markogiannakis H, Genetzakis M, et al. Lipoma induced jejunojejunal intussusception. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13: 3641-4. 9) Thompson WM. Imaging and findings of lipomas of the gastrointestinal tract. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;184:1163-71. 10) Taylor AJ, Stewart ET, Dodds WJ. Gastrointestinal lipomas: a radiologic and pathologic review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1990; 155:1205-10. 11) Akagi I, Miyashita M, Hashimoto M, Makino H, Nomura T, Tajiri T. Adult intussusception caused by an intestinal lipoma: report of a case. J Nippon Med Sch 2008;75:166-70. 12) Park KT, Kim SH, Song TJ, Moon HY. Laparoscopic-assisted resection of ileal lipoma causing ileo-ileo-colic intussusception. J Korean Med Sci 2001;16:119-22. 13) Tsushimi T, Matsui N, Kurazumi H, Takemoto Y, Oka K, Seyama A, et al. Laparoscopic resection of an ileal lipoma: report of a case. Surg Today 2006;36:1007-11. 14) Lin MW, Chen KH, Lin HF, Chen HA, Wu JM, Huang SH. Laparoscopy-assisted resection of ileoileal intussusception caused by intestinal lipoma. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2007;17: 789-92.

Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411120EnglishN2019October30Healthcare Mental Health of Persons Living with HIV/AIDS     English1216Shankar ParipallyEnglish K. SubramanyamEnglish Introduction: Living with HIV/AIDS can significantly impact a person’s mental health, posing various challenges that extend beyond the physical aspects of the disease. The intersection of HIV/AIDS and mental health presents a complex landscape influenced by a range of factors, including stigma, social isolation, psychological distress, and the implications of a chronic illness. Upon receiving an HIV/AIDS diagnosis, individuals often experience a whirlwind of emotions, such as fear, anxiety, shock, and uncertainty about the future. The stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS can exacerbate these feelings, leading to self-isolation, shame, and a reluctance to seek support or disclose their status due to fear of discrimination or rejection. Aim/Objectives: Impact of gender, age and stages of HIV on mental health among persons living with HIV/AIDS in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh state. To assess the impact of gender, age and stages of HIV on mental health among persons living with HIV/AIDS. Sample: The subjects of the present investigation are drawn HIV/AIDS persons in ART and ICTC centers in Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh State of India. Tool: Mental health status inventory designed by Jagadish and Srivastava (1983) was used. Design: There are three independent variables in the investigation and each variable is further classified into two, a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial design was employed. Results: Mean, SD and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) were calculated. Discussion: Males are good mental health than females. Conclusion: Subjects of 26-35 years are good mental health than the subjects of 46-55 years. Subjects with Primary Infection are good mental health than subjects with Opportunistic Infections/AIDS. EnglishGender, Age, Stages of HIV, Mental Health, Tremendous advances, Emotions, Challengeshttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4783http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4783 1. Fonner VA, Dalglish SL, Kennedy CE, Baggaley R, O’Reilly KR, Koechlin FM, et al. Effectiveness and safety of oral HIV Preexposure prophylaxis for all populations. AIDS. 2016; 30(12):1973–1983. 2. HIV Ireland and VidMob. Receive prestigious international marketing prize for online HIV campaign. 2015 3. Thomas B.E, Chandra S, Selvi KJ, Suriyanarayanan D, Swaminathan S. Gender differences in sexual behaviour among people  living with HIV in Chennai, India. Indian J Med Res. 2009; 129(6):690-4. PMID: 19692751. 4. Susan S, Anna K, Charles K, Susanne L. A Review of Psychosocial  Factors that Facilitate HIV Infection Among Women Living in Canada& the United States: Implications for Public Health Policy. Department of Psychiatry &Behavioural Sciences, Stanford  University School of Medicine, Stanford , CA. 2010; 64-79. 5. Lu N, Dan L, Ying L, Vincent MBS, Shuiyuan X. The Mental Health of People Living with HIV in China, 1998-2014: A Systematic Review. PLoS One. 2016; 11(4): e0153489 6. Rachel CV, Brittany MM, Sonia L. Mental health challenges among adolescents living with HIV. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017; 20(3): 21497.