Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411024EnglishN2018December29HealthcareAxial length and Refractive Status of Adults in South Western Nigeria
English0105Onabolu OluwatoniEnglish Jagun OmodeleEnglish Ajibode HarunaEnglish Fakolujo VictoriaEnglishBackground: The axial length of the eye is the distance between the centre of the cornea and the retina. This is one of the determinants of the refractive state of the eye and a knowledge of this is useful in intraocular lens power calculation during cataract surgery. The main objective of this study is to report the normal distribution of axial length and refractive. Status of the adult eye in South Western Nigeria.
Methods: A multistage cluster random sampling technique was used to select participants. In Sagamu Local Government, who had axial length determination, automated refraction and biometry done.
Results: Three hundred and two adults participated in this study. There were 121 (40%) males. In 83% the axial length ranged between 22 mm and 24.5 mm. The mean axial length was 23.31±0.91mm with males being significantly longer [pEnglishAxial length, Refractive, NigeriansIntroduction: At birth, the average axial length [AL] of the eye is 17.0mm and this increases with age following a triphasic pattern1-3. The first phase of increase occurs within the first two years of life with an average growth of 4.4mm, the second increase of about 1.5mm occurs between ages 2 to 6 years, while the last phase extends into adulthood with another 1.0mm, resulting in an average adult eye of 23.9mm1, 4.
The average refractive power of the adult human eye is +60.0 D5 and axial errors of refraction [myopia and hyperopia] are major causes of visual impairment and are correctable by lenses4.
Previous studies in different races have documented average AL diameters ranging from 22.61mm to 23.57mm.6-11 These values are higher in individuals with myopia as compared to emmetropia and hypermetropia.6-10
AL has also been shown to accounts for variability in the refractive state of the eye in different studies7,9,12
The purpose of this population based study is to determine the relationship between axial length and refractive status of normal adult eyes in South Western Nigeria as a possible predictive indices of the refraction of the eye.
Materials and Methods: The study area was Sagamu Local Government Area [SLGA] which is one of the twenty local government areas in Ogun state located in the South western region of Nigeria. SLGA has a population of 253,421 people with 51% females and is divided into two health districts – Makun and Offin with a population of 74,900 and 178,521 respectively14.
For this study, a minimum sample size of 300 adults was calculated using the Leslie Kish formula. Study participants were selected using a multistage random sampling technique such that 2 clusters of 50 subjects each were chosen from Makun and 4 clusters from Offin.
The inclusion criteria were, adults 18 years and above, with no known ocular pathology apart from cataracts and refractive error. Exclusion criteria were denial of consent, a history of extraocular or intraocular surgery and history of severe ocular trauma determined by the number of treatment days and visual outcome. All subjects with vertical cup-to-disc ratio of the Optic nerve head, greater than 0.4 in either eye were excluded and referred to the nearest Teaching Hospital for further evaluation.
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ethical review board of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu. Informed verbal consent was obtained from the local heads of each community and informed written consent from each participant.
The study was conducted over a period of four months. And at each location, examinations were performed at the available Community hall. Snellen’s visual acuity was assessed and the anterior and posterior segments were examined with a pen torch and direct ophthalmoscope respectively. Non-cycloplegic refraction was performed using an automated refractor (SRJ-9900 CRT model, India)R and the average of two readings were recorded per eye. Keratometry was done with a keratometer (Bausch and Lomb Inc., Rochester, NY, USA)R. An average of two readings were recorded for k1/k2 in dioptres (D) for each eye and used for biometry [intraocular lens power calculation]. Axial length were measured using A-scan ultrasonography (Sueor SW-1000; China)R in each eye. The posterior chamber intraocular lens power (PCIOL) was subsequently calculated (using the formula already incorporated into the A-scan) and was also recorded in Dioptres [D].
Data analysis: All data obtained were analysed using the SPSS software Version 21 (IBM Corp, New York, NY, USA).
Results: A total of 302 study participants were examined. There were 121 males (40%) and 181 females (60%). Due to media opacity [cataract], only 280 (93%) had automated refractions performed. Table 1 presents the age distribution by gender for the total study population. The age range of participants were between 18 years and 93 years, with a mean of 43.59 ±17.96 years.
Visual acuity
The presenting [unaided] visual acuity showed that 39(13%) had 6/5 vision, 101(33%) had 6/6, 60(20%) had 6/9, 33(11%) 6/12 and 11(4%) had 6/18 vision. Overall, a total of 244 (81%) study participants had equal to or better than 6/18, 38(13%) had Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=2550http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=25501. Scott RL. Optical correction of pediatricaphakia. Duanes Ophthalmology(CD-ROM) Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2006 Vol 1, Chap 45.
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Radiance Research AcademyInternational Journal of Current Research and Review2231-21960975-52411024EnglishN2018December29Healthcare
Empirical Investigation of Innovative Health Technologies and Organizational Profitability
English0613Giriraj KiradooEnglish
Introduction: A critical aspect of the healthcare sector is its profitability, which ensures that healthcare institutions remain financially stable and can continue providing quality services to their patients. Increased use of innovative health technologies in recent years has significantly reshaped the healthcare system. Adopting these technologies has dramatically improved patient care, diagnosis, treatment, and management, resulting in better health outcomes and increased organisational profitability. Therefore, there is a growing need to investigate the impact of innovative health technologies on corporate profitability in the healthcare sector. Aim/Objectives: The current study aims to empirically investigate the connection between cutting-edge health technologies and corporate profitability. This study aims to deepen an understanding of how health technologies affect corporate profitability through an all-encompassing analysis of various organisational factors and applying meticulous statistical approaches to examine the expected interconnections. Method: This study examines the correlation between innovative health technologies and organisational profitability. Data is collected from a representative sample of healthcare organisations and collated via surveys, interviews, and financial record analyses. The outcomes of the study are subject to rigorous regression and thematic analyses to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of innovative health technologies on the financial viability of healthcare organisations. Results: The optimal correlation was observed amidst the profitability and the embracement of Electronic Health Records (EHR), attaining a coefficient of 0.8. The subsequent highest correlation was noted between digital imaging and radiology, with a coefficient of 0.7, followed by telemedicine usage, with a coefficient of 0.6. On the other hand, the employment of mobile health technologies (mHealth) manifested the weakest association with different variables, presenting coefficients within the range of 0.1 to 0.4. ANOVA revealed that the model’s regression was significant, with an F-value of 125 and a p-value less than 0.001. Conclusion: The present inquiry has ascertained that EHR adoption, telemedicine usage, and digital imaging and radiology bear a favourable correlation with the profitability of companies, while mHealth usage appears to have a weak correlation with the same. The outcomes of the regression analysis and ANOVA evince that the adoption of EHR, use of telemedicine, and implementation of digital imaging and radiology are associated with a substantial influence on the profitability of companies.
Englishhttp://ijcrr.com/abstract.php?article_id=4709http://ijcrr.com/article_html.php?did=4709
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