International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 6(17), September, 2014

Pages: 37-40

Date of Publication: 11-Sep-2014


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PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN BANGALORE, SOUTH INDIA

Author: Kala Yadhav M. L., Gayathri J. Panicker

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Abstract:Background: The emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has posed a serious therapeutic challenge. MRSA is an important cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital and to analyse the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of MRSA isolates. Materials and Methods: Various clinical specimens were cultured and staphylococcus aureus was identified using standard tests like catalase test, slide and tube coagulase and growth on Mannitol salt Agar. All staph isolates were then tested for routine antibiotic sensitivity by Kirby - Bauer disc \? diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. MRSA were then identified from amongst the Staph isolates by using cefoxitin (10 mcg) discs by the disc-diffusion method. The D-test was performed on all isolates of Staphylococcus aureus to identify erythromycin induced clindamycin resistance. Results: The prevalence of MRSA in our study was found to be 66.84%. Linezolid and Vancomycin proved to be effective against 93.89% and 89.31% of MRSA isolates. There was statistically significant resistance to Penicillin,Cefoxitin and Oxacillin (p< 0.0001) and significant sensistivity to Linezolid and Vancomycin among MRSA. Also, 35.11% of MRSA isolates and 24.62% of MSSA isolates showed erythromycin induced clindamycin resistance in the study. Conclusion: MRSA infection in the hospital set up is on the rise and is a cause of worry due to resistance to commonly prescribed drugs. Regular surveillance and antibiotic sensitivity testing in hospitals can help to formulate antibiotic and other strategies for reducing the load and severity of MRSA infections world-over.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Cefoxitin, Clindamycin, Linezolid, Vancomycin.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
In the early 1960s, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a nosocomial pathogen. Since then, it has been increasingly reported from hospitals in countries around the world. Today, infection with MRSA is a common hospital-acquired as well as community-acquired infection encountered especially in developing nations. MRSA causes UTI, wound infection and even sepsis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis and other lifethreatening conditions which are difficult to treat owing to the multi-drug resistance developed by the organism [1]. Prolonged hospital stay and indiscriminate use of antibiotics has been implicated in the rapid emergence and spread of MRSA. Asymptomatic health-care workers are the major sources and carriers of this pathogen in a hospital. Fearing MRSA, physicians prescribe Vancomycin and other glycopeptide antibiotics in order to treat their patients, without undertaking appropriate antibiotic sensitivity tests. This has deleterious effects in the long-term as more resistance builds up. Currently, there are Vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains being isolated from some cases and these are highly difficult to treat. In this study, clinical samples from patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India were processed for the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns were obtained by Kirby- Bauer’s disc diffusion method. MRSA strains were identified using a 30 mcg Cefoxitin disc according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards (2). The study also looks for erythromycin induced clindamycin resistance among staphylococcus isolates. This study was undertaken with the main aim of estimating the prevalence of MRSA and studying the antibiotic-sensitivity pattern of MRSA isolates among clinical samples from patients attending a Tertiary care centre, Bangalore. As a result, appropriate antibiotic schedules, control measures and prophylactic steps can be introduced in order to reduce infection rates and spread of MRSA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was conducted for a period of 6 months on patients attending the OPDs and inpatient admissions to Tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college in Bangalore, South India. During this period 2821 various clinical samples like urine, blood, sputum, stool, body fluids and exudates (mainly pus from wounds, middleear infections and pyogenic abscesses) were received and processed in the microbiology laboratory. Institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the patients was obtained for the study. The specimens were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 48 hours. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified using standard tests like catalase, slide and tube coagulase, and growth on Mannitol salt agar [3]. Following identification of staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method for the following antibiotics: Amoxicillin + clavulinic acid (50/10µg), cefotaxime(3oµg), oxacillin(5µg), linezolid(30µg), tetracycline(30µg), cotrimoxazole(25µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), clindamycin (2 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), erythromycin (15 µg), netilmicin (30 µg), penicillin (10 units), and vancomycin (30 µg). Carbenicillin, nitrofurantoin and nalidixic acid were added if the isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was from a urine sample. D test: The test was done on a Mueller–Hinton agar plate inoculated with a lawn culture of 0.5 McFarland bacterial suspension. The erythromycin (15 µgm) disc and clindamycin (2 µgm) disc was then placed at a distance of 15 mm (edge-to-edge). After an overnight incubation at 370 C , flattening of the zone in the area between the two discs giving a (D-shaped zone) around clindamycin disc indicated inducible clindamycin resistance. Test for methicillin resistance was performed by Kirby– Bauer disc diffusion method using cefoxitin (30µgm) disc according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, the test includes incubating a lawn culture of the test isolate on Mueller Hinton agar with 2% sodium chloride and cefoxitin disc (30 mcg) at 37o C for 24 hours, a zone size <22 mm indicated resistance to cefoxitin and reported as MRSA. [2] The data obtained was analysed using percentages, normal distribution and contingency tests.

RESULTS
During a period of 6 months a total of 2709 clinical samples were processed. Out of all the samples processed, 196 ( 7. 23% ) yielded Staphylococcus aureus, 580 (21.41% ) samples yielded Gram-negative bacilli,14(0.51% ) samples grew Candida species and 2031 samples had no growth after 2 days of culture. Among the staphylococcal isolates, MRSA accounted for 66.84% and MSSA 33.16%. [table 1] Out of the various types of clinical samples, pus / wound swabs / aspirates from abscesses yielded maximum load 63.26 % of Staphylococcus aureus followed by blood, urine, sputum and finally body fluids (ascetic, pleural fluid, csf). The MRSA distribution for each type of clinical sample is shown In Table 2. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns are demonstrated in Figure 1. Among the MSSA isolates 60% and 89.23% were sensitive to penicillin and oxacillin respectively. All MRSA isolates were found resistant to Cefoxitin, oxacillin and Penicillin respectively. Linezolid and Vancomycin proved to be effective against 93.89% and 89.31% of MRSA isolates. 59.54%, 57.25%, 54.96%, and 48.85% of MRSA isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, clindamycin and erythromycin, respectively. All the antibiotics tested were effective against more than half of the MSSA isolates, except for Netilmicin, in the present study. 35.11% of MRSA isolates and 24.62% of MSSA isolates showed Dtest positive - Erythromycin induced Clindamycin resistance (Table 3).

 

DISCUSSION
The prevalence of MRSA in our 6-month-long study was found to be 66.84%. Such alarmingly high percentages have previously been reported in studies from Gulbarga (56.7% MRSA) [4] and Varanasi (59.3% MRSA) [5]. Rates of MRSA vary from place to place and from time to time. For instance, a study in a Delhi hospital showed a prevalence rate of MRSA of 51.6% in 2001, whereas it was reported as 38.44% in the same hospital in 2008. [6] The major load of MRSA isolates in the study was from body fluids, urine and pus/exudates. Majority of the urinary samples that yielded MRSA were found to be from paediatric ICU and are hospital-acquired in nature. MRSA are difficult to treat owing to the multi-drug resistance shown by them. They produce beta-lactamases and are usually resistant to penicillins and other betalactams including methicillin. In the current study as well, 11.45% and 1.5% of MRSA were found to be sensitive to penicillin and oxacillin while 60% and 89.23% of MSSA were sensitive, respectively. Thus, MRSA show a statistically extremely significant (p<0.0001) resistance to penicillin and oxacillin. Similar findings were seen in other studies. [7] 93.89% and 89.31% of MRSA isolates were sensitive to Linezolid and Vancomycin, respectively and these drugs are found to be the most effective in treatment of MRSA infections. However, increased use of these high-end drugs is not only expensive but also causes drug resistance to spread further and is worrying as we are rapidly running out of antibiotics. However, with appropriate antibiotic-sensitivity testing, other suitable antibiotics may be used in treatment of MRSA and use of vancomycin can be reserved for only severe, last-resort cases. In the current study chloramphenicol, gentamicin, clindamycin and erythromycin were found to be useful in treating MRSA with 59.54%, 57.25%, 54.96%, and 48.85% of MRSA isolates being sensitive to them, respectively. In a study from Mangalore[1], Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most effective drug apart from Vancomycin. However, in another study from Maharashtra, no drug other than Vancomycin was found useful in treatment of MRSA infections.[8] This may be due to different drug pressure in different communities leading to varying degrees of resistance to same antibiotics. Among MRSA isolates 35.11% showed erythromycin induced clindamycin resistance while 24.62% of MSSA isolates showed erythromycin induced clindamycin resistance. Other studies also give similar values and are in concordance with our study. For instance, inducible resistance of 24.4% in MRSA and 14.8% in MSSA was got in one study from Turkey [9]. while in another study from India, inducible resistance was 30% in MRSA and 10% in MSSA. [10]

CONCLUSION
Prevalence of MRSA is alarmingly high and causes a great worry to doctors in management of infections. Higher costs, unavailability and risk of developing resistance are the reasons physicians should choose to treat MRSA infections with alternative antibiotics instead of Vancomycin and Linezolid. Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin, Erythromycin and Clindamycin are some such suitable alternatives. Therefore, routine monitoring of MRSA infections along with their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern can assist in formulating a suitable antibiotic policy which may be helpful in reducing the burden and spread of MRSA infections in hospitals across India.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in the references of this manuscript. The authors are also greatful to authors/ editors/ publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

1. Vidya Pai, Venkatakrishna I Rao, and Sunil P Rao. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus [MRSA] Isolates at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mangalore, South India. J Lab Physicians. 2010 Jul-Dec;2(2):82-84. Cookson B. Staphylococcus aureus. In: Emmerson M, Kibbler C, Hawkey P eds. Principles of Clinical Bacteriology. Oxford: John Wiley, 1997; 109–30.

2. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Second Informational Supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA 2012.

3. Cookson B. Staphylococcus aureus. In: Emmerson M, Kibbler C, Hawkey P eds. Principles of Clinical Bacteriology. Oxford: John Wiley, 1997; 109–30.

4. Chandrashekar D K et al. Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital in Gulbarga, Karnataka, J. of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences. June 2012,19(19)1-3.

5. Shilpa Arora, Pushpa Devi, Usha Arora, Bimla Devi. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. J Lab Physicians. 2010 Jul-Dec;2(2):78-81.

6. Tiwari HK, Sapkota D, Sen MR. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA in a tertiary care hospital of northern India. Infection and Drug Resistance. 2008;1:57–61

7. Bal AM1 , Gould IM. Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and its relevance in therapy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. October 2005;6(13):2257-69.

8. Kandle SK, Ghatole MP, Takpere AY, Hittinhalli VB, Yemul VL. Bacteriophage typing and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical specimen in and around Solapur (South Maharashtra) J Commun Dis. 2003;35:17–23

9. Yilmaz G, Aydin K, Iskender S, Caylan R, Koksal I. Detection and prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci. J Med Microbiol. 2007;56:342–5.

10. Kavitha Prabhu, Sunil Rao, and Venkatakrishna Rao. Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples. J Lab Physicians. 2011 JanJun; 3(1): 25–27.

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Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

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Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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