International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 6(19), October, 2014

Pages: 01-04

Date of Publication: 10-Oct-2014


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CELL PHONES OF HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS AS FOMITES HARBOURING POTENTIAL PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS

Author: V. Arulmozhi, Anand B. Janagond, S. Savitha, J. Kalyani, G. Sumathi

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Background: Cell phones (CP) being used by healthcare providers are emerging as fomites capable of transmitting infections. Studies have shown presence of potentially pathogenic bacterial and fungal contamination of cell phones.
Aim: This study was conducted to detect microbial carriage of cellphones of healthcare providers Methodology: CPs of 50 healthcare providers (HCP), comprising doctors of various specialities, nurses and technicians working at various departments/areas of hospital were screened for possible bacterial and fungal contamination. Results: The overall rate of contamination of CPs of HCPs was 94%. Contamination with potential pathogens was found in 76% of CPs. S. aureus was the commonest (18/41) potential pathogen isolated and two CPs were contaminated with Methicillin Resistant
S. aureus (MRSA). Candida spp was isolated from 4% of CPs. Rates of contamination with potential pathogens in CPs used by doctors was 85%, nurses 71% and technicians 69%. Rate of contamination with potential pathogens was highest in the CPs used by HCPs having access to wards (89%) followed by OPDs (88%) and OT/ICU (85%).
Conclusion: CP contamination with potential human pathogens was common in HCPs working at various areas of the hospital including sensitive areas like OTs and ICUs and also irrespective of professional cadre. Rates of contamination with multi-drug resistant organisms were low in CPs. These findings stress the need for awareness of CPs as fomites, need for strict monitoring of hand hygiene and guidelines for routine decontamination of CPs in hospitals.

Keywords: Cell phones, Hand hygiene, Fomite, Staphylococcus aureus

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Cell phones (CPs) have become an indispensable accessory of today’s society and they are being used extensively in a hospital setting to optimize patient care and client communications. However, CPs are commonly handled (irrespective of the cleanliness of hands), rarely disinfected and could harbour pathogenic bacteria (1) Studies of healthcare workers’ CPs conducted elsewhere have reported the overall contamination rate to be 40- 98% (2,3,4,5). CPs are potential sources of HAIs along with medical staff, the patients’ own flora. (1) Information regarding role of CPs in spread of HAIs is limited in tropical countries like India (6). Contamination rates of CPs can vary in different hospital settings. The present study was done to assess the burden and type of contamination of CPs of health-care providers (HCPs) in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai so that magnitude of the problem can be estimated and appropriate control and preventive methods can be suggested.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college in Chennai after ethical committee approval. 50 HCPs including doctors, nurses, technicians working in outpatient departments, wards, operating rooms, ICUs etc were randomly selected for the study. No prior information about the study was given to the participants to avoid bias. After participants’ informed consent their CPs were swabbed with sterile cotton swab soaked with sterile brain heart infusion broth covering both the surfaces completely. The swabs were immediately brought to the microbiology laboratory and inoculated on to nutrient agar, blood agar, McConkey agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium. All bacterial culture media were aerobically incubated at 37° C for 48 hours and SDA which was used for growing fungi was incubated at 25° C for 1 week. Colonies obtained were identified by standard microbiological procedures and antibiogram was done for potential human pathogens.

RESULTS
Cellphones of 50 HCPs working in a private tertiary care teaching hospital in Chennai were screened for bacterial and fungal contamination. Subjects comprised of 20 doctors, 17 nurses and 13 operating theater (OT) technicians. HCPs were belonging to various specialties (Medicine, paediatrics, dermatology, general surgery, orthopaedics, ENT, etc) and many were working in more than one area of the hospital; 34 were working in OTs/ Intensive care units (ICU), 27 in wards and 17 in outpatient departments (OPD). The overall rate of contamination of CPs of HCPs was 94% (47/50). Contamination with potential pathogens was found in 76% (38/50) of CPs. Swabs from three CPs did not yield any organisms. A total of 74 organisms were isolated out of which 41 isolates were potential human pathogens and 33 were non-pathogenic organisms. Swabs from 21 CPs yielded single organism, 25 CPs two organisms and one CP three organisms. Potential pathogens isolated (Table 1) included Staphylococcus aureus (18/41), Pseudomonas spp (7/41), Coagulase negative Staphylococci (6/41), Klebsiella spp (5/41), Escherichia coli (3/41) and Candida spp (2/41). Saprophytes isolated from the CPs included aerobic spore bearers (25/32) and Micrococci (7/32). S. aureus was the commonest (18/41) potential pathogen isolated and two CPs were contaminated with Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) from a doctor and a technician both having access to OT. Contamination rates with potential pathogens of CPs used by doctors were 85% (17/20), nurses 71% (12/17) and technicians 69% (9/13) (Figure 1). Rate of contamination with potential pathogens was highest in the CPs used by HCPs having access to wards (89%, 24/27) followed by OPDs (88%, 15/17) and OT/ICU (85%, 29/34) (Figure 2).

DISCUSSION
Fomites play an important role in spread of hospital-acquired infections. A variety of surfaces, equipments and devices have been found to harbour pathogenic microorganisms, including drug resistant ones like MRSA and 



VRE, in hospital settings. (2,7,8) Microbes can be transferred from person-to-person or from inanimate objects commonly used in hospitals (stethoscopes, pens, charts, fixed and mobile phones) to hands and vice versa. (3) Clean hands can become colonized after contact with contaminated surface or fomite while caring for patients and organisms can cause infection if they come in contact with susceptible hosts (3,8,9). Hand-to-mouth transfer of microbes after handling contaminated fomites during casual activities has also been documented (2). Clinically significant microorganisms like S. aureus, gram negative bacilli, Candida spp have been shown to persist on inanimate objects for weeks to months (8). High inoculums of the microbe, low temperature with relatively high humid environmrntal conditions provide best chances for long persistence of organisms (9). The longer a nosocomial pathogen persists on a surface, the longer it may be a source of transmission and thus endanger a susceptible patient or HCP (9). CPs are widely used and in close contact with the body. They are used for communication by HCPs in almost every location in a hospital including OTs and ICUs. (2,5). CPs allow for easy accessibility of the clinician so can help in providing timely patient care. The mobile phone technology not only allows for rapid communication but also enables storage of formulary data, clinical and diagnostic protocols that can be made available to a busy clinician at his finger tips (7,6). People frequently handle CPs and that too irrespective of the cleanliness of their hands (1). The use of CPs by HCPs in the ICU, burns wards and OTs may have more serious hygiene consequences, especially since they are used close to patients (3). The rates and composition of contamination of CPs in hospitals could be risky to general public in community if carried outside (2). More studies are required to estimate the burden of contamination of CPs of HCPs, spectrum of organisms so that appropriate preventive and control measures can be followed. In this study overall rate of contamination of CPs used by HCPs was 94% and that by potential human pathogens was 76%. The contamination rates were found high in our study and are comparable to findings of Bhat S et al and Padma K et al with overall contamination rates of 98% and 94% respectively (6, 5). S. aureus was the commonest pathogen found contaminating CPs (36%) and 4% CPs harboured MRSA. Majority of isolated S. aureus strains were sensitive to antibacterials tested (Fig). Though the MRSA were fonud in relatively less number of CPs both were found in CPs of HCPs having access to sensitive areas like OTs and ICU. Many previous studies also have found S. aureus as the commonest organism on HCPs’ CPs (12-56%) and MRSA was found in 1.9-18% CPs. Previous studies also have shown lesser rates of contamination with gram negative bacilli than gram positive cocci (2, 3, 6, 4, 5). Very few studies have looked for fungal contamination of CPs, in our study only 4% CPs were found to harbour fungi, both Candida spp. CPs of doctors harboured more pathogens (85%) compared to nurses (71%) and technicians (69%). Higher contamination of CPs of doctors than nurses was observed in other studies also (1,6). The reasons for the differences were not specifically studied. Contamination of CPs of HCPs was found to be high irrespective of the area of work in the hospital – wards (89%), OPDs (88%) or OTs/ICU (85%). A study comparing CPs of hospital and non-hospital settings showed spectrum of organisms isolated to be similar in both the groups but resistant organisms like MRSA were found only in the hospital setting (6). Today CPs, due to their various benefits, have become indispensable devices for HCPs and hence their complete restriction inside the hospitals is not practical. As the present study and the previous similar studies suggest, the problem of CPs as fomites carrying harmful microbes needs to be addressed. There is limited information available on CP disinfection methods that are both effective and do not damage the CPs.(1) Use of 70% isopropyl alcohol wipes, which is simple and can be routinely used, has been suggested to disinfect CPs by a few studies. (1,10) Sensitizing and training of HCPs about strict infection control procedures, hand hygiene, environmental disinfection methods are essential. (2,6) Engineering modifications such as use of hands-free mobile devices, use of surfaces that are easy to clean and disinfect, use of antimicrobial additive materials in CPs have been proposed as solutions (2,3). The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) have recommendations for routine decontamination of all hospital equipments (8). Similar guidelines extending to CPs are the need of the hour. A study done by Obasi C et al showed a selfcleaning unit to decontaminate small reusable objects, including electronic equipments like wall-phones, keyboards, in a hospital to be effective in a single cycle (8). Applicability of similar techniques to decontaminate CPs needs to be studied.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this study highlights the high rates of contamination of CPs used by HCPs in a hospital setting. CP contamination with potential human pathogens was common in HCPs working at various areas of the hospital including sensitive areas like OTs and ICUs and also irrespective of professional cadre. Carriage rates of resistant organisms (MRSA) were low. These findings stress the need for awareness of CPs as fomites, need for strict monitoring of hand hygiene and guidelines for routine decontamination of CPs in hospitals.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

 

References:

1. Julian T, Singh A, Roussean J, Weese JS. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcal contamination of cellular phones of personnel in a veterinary hospital. BMC Research Notes 2012;5:193-7.

2. Ulger F, Esen S, Dilek A, Gunaydin M, Leblebicioglu H. Are we aware how contaminated our mobile phones with nosocomial pathogens? Annals of Clin Micro Antimicrobiol 2009; 8:7-10.

3. Amira H, Al-Abdalall A. Isolation and identification of microbes associated with mobile phones in Dammam in eastern Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med 2010;17:11-4

4. Data P, Rani H, Chander J. Bacterial contamination of mobile phones of health care workers. Indian J Med Microbiol 2009;3:279-81.

5. Panchal CA, Kamothi MN, Mehta SJ. Bacteriological profile of cell phones of healthcare workers at tertiary care hospital. J Evolution Med Dental Sciences 2012;1:198-202.

6. Padma S, Ezhilarasan R, Suchitra S, Anandhi L, Umamageswari S, Sangappan M, Kalyani J. Mobile phones: emerging threat for infection control. J Infection Prevention 2010;2:87-90.

7. Jeske HC, Tiefenthaler W, Hohlrieder M, Hinterberger H, Benzer A. Bacterial contamination of anaesthetists’ hands by personal mobile phones and fixed phone us in the operating theater. Anaesthesia 2007;62:904-6.

8. Obasi C, Agwu A, Akinpelu W, Hammons R, Clark C, Etienne-cummings R, et al. Contamination of equipment in emergency settings: An exploratory study with a targeted automated intervention. Annals Surgical Intervention Research 2009;3:8-16.

9. Kramer A, Schwebke I, Kampf G. How long do nososcomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? BMC Infectious Diseases 2006;6:130-7.

10. Arora V, Devi P, Chadha A, Malhotra S. Cellphones a modern stayhouse for bacterial pathogens. JK Science 2009;11:127-9.

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Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
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A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
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A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
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A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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