International Journal of Current Research and Review
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IJCRR - 7(4), February, 2015

Pages: 20-26

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Association of Serum Uric Acid with anthropometric, HbA1c and Lipid profile in Diabetic Retinopathy

Author: Munilakshmi U., Prabhavathi K., Shashidhar K. N., Madhavi Reddy, Lakshmaiah V.

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), one of the leading cause of visual impairment in adults, a kind of serious microvascular complication of Diabetes Mellitus. It is well known that purine metabolites are strongly associated with the development of diabetic microvascular complications. Uric acid, an end product of the purine metabolism, acts as a pro-oxidant and it may thus be a marker of oxidative stress.
Objectives:
1. To Estimate and Compare Anthropometric and Biochemical parameters in Diabetic Retinopathy patients, Diabetes without Retinopathy and clinically proven healthy controls.
2. To correlate Serum Uric acid levels with Anthropometric and Biochemical indices in Diabetic Retinopathy patients. Materials and Methods: Study group consisted total of 150 subjects divided into three groups- Group I (Clinically proven healthy controls), Group II (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without retinopathy) and Group III (Diabetic retinopathy), visiting RL Jalappa hospital and Research centre Kolar. Anthropometric & Biochemical parameters were estimated by standard methods.
Results: Comparison of Anthropometric & Biochemical parameters were done among the three Groups, we observed Age, Obesity index, Fasting Blood Sugar, HbA1c, Total Cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins & Uric acid were statistically significant with p value < 0.05 and also positive correlation was observed for Body mass index,Fasting Insulin, Total Cholesterol, high density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins with Uric Acid in Group III.
Conclusion: Hyperglycemia and Oxidative stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus leads to micro and macrovascular complications. In Group III, there was positive correlation of serum Uric Acid with Anthropometric & Biochemical Indices. Therefore uric acid can be considered as a reliable marker which is less expensive and helps clinicians in controlling the progression of DM to microvascular complications like DR.

Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetes Mellitus, Uric Acid, Obesity index

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Diabetes Mellitus a metabolic syndrome, characterized by hyperglycemia due to an absolute or a relative deficiency of insulin.Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is undoubtedly one of the most challenging health problems in the 21st century and the number of diabetic patients diagnosed has reached 366 millions in 2011.Complications of diabetes areone of the major cause forreducing quality of life, disability and death. Approximately 25% of the people with newly detected diabetes already have microvascular disease, suggesting that they have had the disease for 4–7 years by the time of the diagnosis1 . In these patients, with earlier disease identification and the intensive treatment of hyperglycemia, the risk of developing microvascular complications can be reduced,particularly, diabetic retinopathy (DR)2 . Studies conducted by Klein. R et.al., stated that in age group of 30-65 years, Diabetic retinopathyis one of the leading cause for visual impairment is due to uncontrolled or long duration diabetes3 . Even today, the diagnosis of retinopathy depends on opthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography. However, it is generally acknowledged that only the pathological changeswhich occur at the severe stages of the retinopathy canbe discovered using this diagnostic method. Thus, itis of tremendous importance to find a diagnostic marker thatcan be used for screening and prediction of retinopathy, especiallywith high precision and which should be easily measured3 . According to Ames BNet.al.,purine metabolites are strongly associated with the development of diabetic microvascular complications4 . Uric acid (UA), an end product of the purine metabolism, acts as a pro-oxidant and may thus thought to be a marker of oxidative stress. In diabetic patients, superoxide plays an important role in microvascular dysfunction and exerts direct tissue damage which leads to lipid and protein peroxidation.Uric acidhas also beenthought to have a therapeutic role as an antioxidant4 .Studies done by Nakagawa T et al., reported that hyperuricaemia has been added to the set of metabolic abnormalities which are associated with insulin resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia in the metabolic syndrome5 . UA was previously used to be thought as a predominant predictor of gouty diathesis6 . However, as a marker of metabolic syndrome (MetS), UA could worsen insulin resistance by disturbing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and shows positive association between the serum uric acid levels and the development of T2DM7 . Studies conducted by Cirillo. P et al, Anwar M.M et al,andTanemoto M et al., reported that the high level of uric acid was associated with diabetic microvascular complications, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy 8,9,10, but it is usually considered a marker of tissue dysfunction rather than a risk factor for progression. Some researchers considered that uric acid might affect the function of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is related to diabetic retinopathy11. Therefore, the present study was designed to look for any association of serum uric acid with HbA1c andlipidprofile in T2DM, taking into consideration the relevant clinical, biochemical and the anthropometric data

Objectives

1. To Estimate and Compare Anthropometric and Biochemical parameters in Diabetic Retinopathy patients, Diabetes without Retinopathy and clinically proven healthy controls.

2. To correlate Serum Uric acid levels with Anthropometric and Biochemical indices in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Materials and Methods

The present study was conducted in R L Jalappa hospital attached to Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar. Total 141individuals with the age group of 40-60 years of bothgenderswere selected in the Ophthalmology outpatient department during the year October 2011 to January 2012. These subjects were grouped into three categories Group I: Forty three clinically proven healthy controls. Group II: Forty eight T2DM subjects without retinopathy based on fundoscopic changes Group III: Fifty Diabetic retinopathy subjects based on fundoscopic examination. The study was approved by the institutional ethical clearance committee and a written informed consent was obtained from all the subjects who were enrolled in our study. Patients with hepatic disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, acute or chronic infection, cancer and complications related to diabetes like ulcers, nephropathy and neuropathy, which might affect the estimation of various biochemical parameters, were excluded from the study. Clinical details such as anthropometric measurementsof all the subjects enrolled in the study were obtained from the hospital medical records. Venous blood sample was collected under strict aseptic conditions with a minimum of 8 hours of fasting.All the parameters were estimated using Johnson and Johnson vitros 250 dry chemistry auto analyzer which works on the principle of reflectance photometry. The blood glucose estimation was done by Glucose Oxidase Peroxidase method (GOD-POD)12, HbA1c was estimated by HPLC method12, Fasting Insulin by Chemilumuniscence assay12, uric acid was estimated by uricase method13 Total cholesterol (TC) was estimated by cholesterol oxidase method14, Triglycerides (TG) estimation was by Enzymatic colorimetric test- GPO PAP14, Highdensity lipoproteins (HDL) estimation was done by Direct Enzymatic method12, LDL-cholesterol, Non-HDL-cholesterol, were calculated14,15. Statistical analysis was carried out by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using the SPSSversion 16.0, and p value < 0.05 wasconsidered significant and Pearsons Correlation Coefficient was used to rank different variables either positively or inversely correlated.

Results

Table 1 shows the comparison of mean, standard deviation of anthropometric, physiological and biochemical indices between the three groups, age, obesity index, FBS, HbA1c, uric acid, TC, HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in all the groups compared to controls. Table 2 shows the Post Hoc analysis using Bonferroni criterion for significance between Group I Vs Group II, age, OBI, FBS, HbA1c, uric acid, TC, HDL, LDL were significant (p<0.05, p<0.001). With respect to Group II Vs Group III, age, OBI, FBS, HbA1c, uric acid, TC, HDL and LDL levels were highly significant (p<0.001). On comparison between Group I Vs Group III, age, OBI, FBS, HbA1c, uric acid, TC, HDL and LDL were significant (p<0.05). Table 3 shows the Pearson’s correlation coefficient of uric acid with anthropometric, Physiological and Biochemical parameters in DR group (Group III), among these parameters BMI(r=0.03, p=0.04), TC (r=0.35, p=0.01), HDL (r=0.92, p=0.001) and LDL (r=0.94, p=0.001) cholesterol levels showed significance with strong positive correlation.

Discussion

Type 2 Diabetes represents one of the most detrimental diseases and significant public health problems due to its high incidence and prevalence as well as high risk of macro- and microvascular complications. DR, a sight threatening microvascular complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of blindness and visual dysfunction in the working age population in developed countries16. The development of DR in type 2 diabetes patients was associated with baseline glycemia, glycemic exposure over several years, poor lipid control, higher blood pressure, and smoking17. In the present study, WHR, BMI and OBI were higher in Group III compared to Group I and Group II. Study done by Oliveira E P et al., observed similar findings and reported according to the gender, the main predictors for UA increase were BMI and muscle mass for men. Waist circumference, creatinine, and muscle mass (positively); and HDL-c (negatively) were associated for women18. In the present study the mean blood pressure values was within the reference range which is consistent with the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes (ABCD Study) and stated that strict blood pressure control can prevent and/or limit the development and progression of DR and visual dysfunction19,20. In the present study, serum insulin level of Group III was higher than that of Group I & Group II, however no significant difference was observed. The reason for this finding could be that the insulin resistance occurs when the cells become less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This results in rising blood sugar levels (hyperglycaemia) and a drop in the energy production. To compensate for the insulin resistance and to keep the blood glucose levels from spiraling out of control the pancreas tries to restore the balance by producing more insulin. If this isleft unchecked, the cells become even more resistant to insulin, even as the pancreas secretes ever greater amounts of insulin, in a desperate attempt to bring the system back under control, this results in dangerously high blood levels of insulin (hyperinsulinaemia). If this is not corrected, the pancreas eventually becomes exhausted, resulting in diabetes20.Similar results were reported by G SrinivasaNageswara Rao et al.,21 and Pagano G et al.,22. In our study we observed mean HbA1c values were significantly higher in Group II and Group III compared to Group I,indicating thatHbA1c has special affinity for oxygen there by causes tissue anoxia and plays a role in causation of micro and macroangiopathy, our findings were consistent with studies conducted by Correa Z et al., and Ishrat K et al.,22,23. Our study showed significant increase in mean serum uric acid levels in Group III compared to Group I & Group II. Similar results were observed by Butturini U et.al.25, this indicates that the uric acid levels have a tendency to increase with the onset of retinopathy. Uric acid has some physiologic functions including activation of the rennin angiotensin system and direct actions on endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. The retina is highly susceptible to oxidative stressbecause of intense exposure to light and oxygen and its high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content that is prone to lipid peroxidation26. These oxidation products are toxic to the microvascular walls and therefore, may have a causal role in diabetic microvascular damage and also in the blood– ocular barrier alteration27. Since Oxidative Stress is increased in the diabetic retina, the levels of oxidatively modified DNA and nitrosylated proteins are elevated, and antioxidant defense enzymes are impaired26. It has been reported that the level of antioxidant enzymes along with potential antioxidant vitamins are decreased in diabetic experimental animals and humans. Antioxidants may act at different levels, including the inhibition of the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), scavenging free radicals, or increasing the antioxidants defense enzyme capabilities.These functions are all related to the occurrence and development of diabetic complications. But in the past researches, uric acid was usually considered as a marker rather than a risk factor for the progression of disease. There is always a controversy that serum uric acid concentration is a cause or a result of microvascular complications27. Several lines of evidence suggest that increased plasma uric acid may be a significant risk factor of vascular disease. Ioachimescuet.al., believes that uric acid may causally/mechanistically contribute to vascular disease29. In our current study, the mean cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were higher in Group III compared to Group I & Group II. Our findings were consistent with the study done by Remaet.al,however, only triglycerides were independently associated with DR30. There are some conflicting reports in the literature regarding the effect of lipid profile on retinopathy. Chew et al., stated that patients with high Total Cholesterol and LDL levels were more likely to have retinal hard exudates compared to patients with normal lipid profile31. Moreover, patients with elevated serum total cholesterol, LDL-c, or triglyceride levels that did not have retinal hard exudate initially, were at increased risk of developing retinal hard exudate during follow-up. According to Idiculla J et al., and Sachdev N et al., retinal exudates or macular edema (ME) were associated either with higher levels of LDL or total cholesterol, or both32,33. Benarous Ret.al. reported that lipid profile was not associated with retinal thickness, mild or moderate Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) but only clinically significant with ME34. In the present study uric acid shows positive correlation with BMI, TC, HDL and LDL in Group III. BMI above 25 kg/m2 was one of the main component associated with UA increase, where BMI showed a positive relation with leptin concentrations, which a factor is leading to UA increase. Ultimately, obesity and DR may also be connected owing to increased oxidative stress as a result of its association with hyperleptinemia35. It was speculated that higher uric acid concentrations were associated with higher values for body adiposity markers (weight, BMI, WHR and OBI). Additionally, individuals with high BMI may show insulin resistance, TG alteration and high blood pressure, and all these factors are related to UA increase35. UA increase is observed in individuals with insulin resistance, probably because hyperinsulinemia would cause lower renal UA excretion35. Besides, insulin could also indirectly affect UA, since there is an association between hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Studies conducted by Valtuena S et.al., reported that serum uric acid levels depends on insulin resistance and independent of age, sex, excess body weight, fat distribution and blood pressure36. Serum lipids may have a strong influence only in the severe forms of diabetic microvascular disease. They may not cause direct injury to the endothelium but are rather involved in the pathogenesis of DME only exudation of lipids through damaged retinal vasculature, which occurs at a later stage. Thus, it was suggested that serum lipids are involved in the later, more severe stages than in earlier stages; as an explanation to the discrepancies among the findings of the studies29. The limitations of our study included- gender variation, hospital based study instead of community based, population with T2DM, Some dietary factors were not evaluated, such as the intake of alcohol, purine and caffeinated drinks, which are known for their interference with UA values35.Since there may be dietary variations that were not analyzed, large multi-centric prospective studies are needed about this subject, especially to clarify the reasons of discrepancies between the findings of studies.

Conclusion

DR is a complex disease with several proven and some insufficiently verified proposed risk factors including inflammation. Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in Type 2 DM leads to micro and macrovascular complications. We have shown that In Group III, there was positive correlation of serum Uric Acid with Anthropometric & Biochemical Indices. Dyslipidemia appears to be associated with the progression of DR in type 2 diabetes. Accordingly, it may be a relevant factor in a cascade involving the occurrence and development of DR. Our findings confirm the results of most of the previous investigations and illustrate the value of obesity assessment as an important modifiable risk factor which may consequently have potential clinical implications in the management of DR. Since weight gain is changeable and may be managed by lifestyle intervention. Therefore uric acid can be considered as a reliable marker which is less expensive and helps clinicians in controlling the progression of DM to microvascular complications like DR.

Acknowledgement

Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

 

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A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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