International Journal of Current Research and Review
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IJCRR - 7(9), May, 2015

Pages: 44-51

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EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF VARIOUS PRESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS AND SLOT DISTORTION OF PRE-ADJUSTED EDGEWISE BRACKETS MANUFACTURED BY DIFFERENT COMPANIES AVAILABLE IN INDIA

Author: Eshan Awasthi, Narendra Sharma, Sunita Shrivastav, R.H. Kamble

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Objective: To assess and evaluate the tip, torque, slot size and slot distortion of maxillary central incisor, maxillary lateral incisor and maxillary canine brackets from commercially available bracket systems (Agile Mini Brackets- 3M series, Mini series- American Orthodontics, Mini Gem series- Dento Smile, Fine Series Brackets - Galaxy Orthodontics, Centrino Mini brackets- Libral trader, Orthox Organizers) in the 0.022-inch dimension. Material and method: The sample consisted of three brackets each (maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor and canine) of all the companies the tip, torque and slot dimension of which were measured in the 0.022-inch dimension. Images were obtained using stereomicroscope and measurements were taken after operator calibration using AU|TOCAD software 2012, and a digital readout was produced. Results: Results indicated that none of the companies showed exact values of tip and torque however 3M Agile Mini series showed values nearest to normal whereas Orthox Organizers showed most inaccurate values. For slot dimension American Orthodontics Mini series showed most accurate values whereas Orthox Organizers showed most inaccurate values. All the companies showed oversized slot except Dento Smile Mini Gem series which showed undersized slot. Slot distortion was found maximum in Orthox Organizer and least in American Orthodontics Mini series. Conclusion: Inaccuracy in slot dimension, inbuilt tip and torque of the pre-adjusted brackets can affect the final position of teeth in the arch with an added need of wire bending to achieve desired results.

Keywords: Tip, Torque, Slot size, Slot distortion

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Orthodontic treatment objectives can be stated as obtaining functional occlusion, esthetics and stability. One of the criteria for obtaining a functional occlusion is to have an ideal axial inclination of all teeth at the end of active treatment. The advent of sophisticated appliances and materials has helped to raise the standard of orthodontic treatment, and as a consequence achieving ideal occlusion has become a realistic aim. Over the years, clinicians have considered how bracket design can help achieve these objectives.1 Andrews made extensive measurements on untreated excellent occlusions.2 Before the Straight Wire Appliance came into existence, the teeth were moved on their apical base in three plane of space by incorporating bends in the wire. With the SWA these features were inbuilt into the brackets. The tip was incorporated by angulating the bracket wing in mesiodistal plane. The torque was incorporated initially by angulating the base (Torque in base) and later by angulating the face (Torque in face). The concept behind this SWA was that for a given slot dimension , when a working wire is placed into the slot this inbuilt tip and torque starts getting expressed with minimum requirement of wire bending. The on-going appliance evolution resulted in two orthodontic bracket slot sizes that a clinician may choose to use when correcting a patient’s malocclusion. These two dimensions, 0.018 inch and 0.022 inch, are separated by four thousandths of an inch. The 0.022-inch slot was the first to be introduced, and this suited the gold wires that were used either singly or in a twinned configuration. The slot dimension dichotomy is yet to be resolved because modern wires are probably equally effective in both the 0.022 and the 0.018-inch slots. As a result, several authors have called for construction of a new breed of orthodontic brackets in metric dimensions.3.4 The orthodontic bracket receives force from an activated element –usually a wire and transmits that force to the tooth. If the bracket fractures or permanently deforms, the force is not transmitted and treatment is prolonged. These forces are created as a result of the intimate fit of wire into the bracket slot and any ‘‘play’’ or ‘‘slop’’ between these components will result in incomplete transmission of the bracket prescription to the tooth and its supporting tissues. Torquing force moments are most often obtained during the course of orthodontic treatment through a force couple generated by the torsion of a rectangular archwire in a rectangular bracket slot. Many factors have been found or thought to affect torque expression namely torsion magnitude, wire composition, torsional stiffness, wire dimension, slot dimension, wire/ bracket slot play, tooth inclination, interbracket width (wire length) and bracket deformability 5 . Accurately measuring and predicting torque expression and understanding the sources of torque loss are critical for providing predictable orthodontic treatment results. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the prescription specification, slot size and bracket deformation when torque is applied through the use of a wire in six commercially available orthodontic bracket system with the 0.022-inch dimension.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

The present study was carried out in the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science (Deemed University), Wardha, Maharashtra in coordination with Department of Oral Pathology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, with the technical assistance from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur. 1. Maxillary right central incisor, lateral incisor and canine brackets of MBT prescription with 0.022” slot of six commercially available conventional system were selected for comparison which were grouped as Group

1- Agile Mini Brackets- 3M series GroupGroup

3- Mini Gem series- Dento Smile

2- Mini series- American Orthodontics Group

5 -Centrino Mini brackets- Libral traders Group

6– Orthox Organizers

For assessment and comparison of tip, torque and slot dimension values for maxillary anterior brackets (maxillary right central incisor, lateral incisor and canine), they were coded to avoid operator bias. For calculation of tip of the brackets, facial view of the brackets was scanned under Stereomicroscope with 10X magnification. The obtained images were then calibrated using AUTO CAD software 2012.The tip of the bracket was calculated by measuring the angle between long axis of the bracket and horizontal line connecting the lower border of the upper wings. The complementary angle of the value obtained was the tip of the bracket. (Figure1). For calculation of torque and slot dimension, the lateral view of the brackets was scanned under Stereomicroscope with 10X magnification. The obtained images were then calibrated using AUTO CAD software (2012) and the torque of the bracket was calculated by measuring the angle between long axis of the bracket base and long axis of the slot base. (Figure 2) The slot dimension was calculated by drawing a line within the slot parallel to the slot base and measuring the linear distance between two selected points on which the line was drawn. (Figure2). The height of the slot was calculated and a normal 0.022” bracket slot height when converted into millimetres is equal to 0.56mm which was taken as the control group for slot dimension. The brackets were then adhered to the maxillary models in their standard position using cyanoacrylate adhesive. Total six models were prepared and a 0.019” × 0.025” S.S archwire for each model was then given a palatal torque of 16° using a torquing turret. (Leone group) The wire was placed onto the bracket assembly of each model and secured using elastomeric modules. On one end of the wire that passed through the brackets, stepper motor was attached for sliding the wire and the other free end was tied with the load of 100gm. The wire was slided through the bracket with the velocity of 0.05mm/min and the load cell deflection was noted on digital indicator. Same procedure was repeated for every group. After the sliding of the wire, the maxillary anterior brackets were again scanned under Stereomicroscope and the slot dimension was calculated using AUTO CAD software. 2012(figure 3)

RESULTS

A comparison of three operators` calibration was done on 5mm scale in an AUTOCAD 2012 software. One sam ple t-test was performed for all brackets measurements for tip, torque and slot size. For Central Incisor the mean values of tip (Table No.1) were found to be for Group 1(4.33°), Group 2(6.00°) , Group 3(5.67°) , Group 4(5.00°) , Group 5(4.66°) , Group 6(1.67°) (P<0.05). For Lateral Incisor the mean values of tip(Table No.1) were found to be for Group 1(7.67°), Group 2(9.33°), Group 3(7.33°), Group 4(5.33°), Group 5(8.33°), Group 6(10.67°) (P<0.05). For Canine the mean values of tip(Table No.1) were found to be for Group 1(8.33°), Group 2(7.67°), Group 3(7.00°), Group 4(7.33°), Group 5(7.67°), Group 6(5.67°). For Central Incisor the mean values of torque(Table No.2) were found to be for Group 1(17.67°), Group 2(12.67°), Group 3(22.67°) (P<0.05), Group 4(11.67°) (P<0.05), Group 5(17.67°), Group 6(7.67°). For Lateral Incisor the mean values of torque (Table No.2) were found to be for Group 1(10.33°), Group 2(9.33°), Group 3(8.33°) (P<0.05), Group 4(13.33°) (P<0.05), Group 5(4.33°) (P<0.05), Group 6(6.33°) (P<0.05). For Canine the mean values of torque(Table No.2) for Group 1(-4.33°) (P<0.05), Group 2(-1.67°) (P<0.05), Group 3(-8.33°), Group 4(-12.67°) (P<0.05), Group 5(-11.33°) (P<0.05), Group 6 (-9.00). For Central Incisor the mean values of slot dimension (in mm) (Table No.3) were found to be for Group 1(0.66) (P<0.05), Group 2(0.57), Group 3(0.54), Group 4(0.57), Group 5(0.62) (P<0.05), Group 6(0.60) (P<0.05). For Lateral Incisor the mean values of slot dimension (in mm) (Table No.3) were found to be for Group 1(0.62) (P<0.05), Group 2(0.54), Group 3(0.54) , Group 4(0.56), Group 5(0.61) (P<0.05), Group 6(0.65) (P<0.05). For Canine the mean values of slot dimension (in mm) (Table No.3) were found to be for Group 1(0.67) (P<0.05), Group 2(0.57), Group 3(0.54), Group 4(0.59) (P<0.05), Group 5(0.62) (P<0.05), Group 6(0.60) (P<0.05). All brackets size examined were oversized except Dento Smile Mini Gem series which were undersized. For Central Incisor the slot distortion(Table No.4) were found to be for Group 1(4.61%), Group 2(0%), Group 3(11.11%), Group 4(7.01%), Group 5(6.56%), Group 6 (13.33%) when compared to the original slot dimension. For Lateral Incisor the slot distortion(Table No.4) were found to be for Group 1(4.83%), Group 2(1.85%), Group 3(12.96%), Group 4(7.14%), Group 5(6.55%),Group 6 (10.71%) when compared to the original slot dimension. For Canine the slot distortion (Table No.4) were found to be for Group 1(4.47%), Group 2(1.75%), Group 3(7.40%), Group 4(3.38%), Group 5(4.83%), Group 6 (10%) when compared to the original slot dimension.

DISCUSSION

During orthodontic treatment, complex combinations of linear forces, moments and couples are developed by the arch wire. These moments are expressed in three planes of space. The current study focussed on evaluating the efficacy of MBT prescription of various companies commonly used i.e. the inbuilt tip, torque and stated slot dimension along with the slot distortion when a torqued wire placed is slided through the brackets. From the above findings it can be deducted that although no company had an exact tip for any of the three brackets, the Group1 showed the most consistent accurate findings and Group 6 was the least accurate among all the companies for the tip of all the brackets. The possible reason for a wide range in tip values of pre-adjusted orthodontic brackets could be the manufacturing error. The two variables, the angle between which determines the tip of the bracket are long axis of the bracket represented by a vertical slot and a line connecting lower border of upper wings or upper border of lower wings. The slight angulation of the wings of the bracket with respect to the long axis of the bracket determines the inbuilt tip of the bracket. So any variation in the vertical orientation of wings with respect to each other can alter tip of the bracket. This can be attributed to different manufacturing processes such as injection molding, grinding and machining techniques. The result of our study was in contrast to that by Raghuraj et al6 who evaluated the efficacy of the MBT appliance 0.022” prescription in expressing inbuilt tip and torque values using torque angulation device and found that the discrepancy in tip expression was only 1° and it was expressed better than the torque. The significance of 2nd order (Tip) and its effect on torque was studied by Meiling et al7 who concluded that application of a second order couple (tip) to a longitudinally twisted arch wire will set up third order couple and this couple will have a restraining effect on the third order wire-bracket interaction. For torque, from the above findings it can be deducted that although no company had an exact torque for any of the three brackets, the Group 1 showed the most consistent accurate findings and Group 6 was the least accurate among all the companies for the torque of all the brackets. The possible reason for a wide range in torque values of pre-adjusted orthodontic brackets could be the manufacturing error in the alignment of slot base and bracket base. . If the slot base is not accurately aligned during the manufacturing process of injection molding, casting or miling i.e. mold for the slot base is not accurately aligned, the die for the slot base will be reproduced inaccurately resulting in change in the angle between base and  face ultimately changing the torque value of the bracket. Aditya et al8 evaluated the torque accuracy of MBT prescription 0.022” slot using SEM and found results similar to our study. 5 preadjusted metal 0.022” bracket with standard MBT prescription with Agile Abzil brand (3M Unitek) , MBT Ormco and Versaden were evaluated. The mean torque angle of bracket Agile brand 3M Unitek and Versaden showed a smaller no. of large torque angle, while Ormco bracket torque angle showed greater than the angle of the MBT prescription torque. This shows a large discrepancy torque angle bracket Agile brand 3M Unitek , Versaden and Ormco which are similar to the findings of our study. The results of Raghuraj et al 6 were similar to the results obtained in our study. He evaluated the efficacy of the MBT appliance in expressing inbuilt tip and torque values using torque angulation device and found that Torque was over expressed in maxillary- lateral incisor, canine and mandibular-central, lateral incisor and canine. For slot size, Group 3 for Central Incisor and Canine showed undersized slot, Group 4 for Lateral Incisor showed exact slot dimension but all the other groups showed an oversized slot. The possible reason for this variation can be the various types of manufacturing process i.e. injection molding, casting or miling which affects the accuracy of prescribed torque values. Molding exposes the material to expansion and shrinkage; miling can incorporate a rough grained surface. Shrinkage defects with casting occur when standard feed metal is not available to compensate for shrinkage as the thick metal solidifies. Kusy and Whitley9 examined 24 brackets from eight manufacturers and found three bracket slots smaller and 20 others larger than the dimension stated by their manufacturers. The largest 0.018inch slot measured 16% larger than stated and largest 0.022inch slot measured 8% larger than the stated. The variation in slot size found in this study was similar to that found in our study. The study by Cash et al 10 also showed similar findings to that of our study. The slots of five upper left central incisor brackets from 11 commercially available bracket systems were measured in the 0.022-inch (0.5588 mm) dimension. Results indicated that all bracket slots were oversized. For slot distortion, from the above findings it can be deducted that Group 2 proved to be most resistant to slot distortion when a torqued wire was slided and Group 6 showed maximum amount of distortion. The possible reason for variation in the amount of slot distortion in different companies with the same amount of torquing force can be the inaccuracy of the manufacturing process. The same raw material used (stainless steel) with different process can exhibit different mechanical properties. Casting process and  injection molding if not done under adequate compression can result in internal gaseous porosity of the metal. This internal void weakens the microstructure of the metal making it more prone to deform. Miling process also imparts roughness and surface irregularities to the bracket. This results in a lot of friction on the bracket-wire interface. Stress concentration on this area also causes the slot to deform. Group 3 also showed a remarkable amount of slot distortion. This can be correlated with the fact that Group 3 had an undersized slot. So the amount of play between a 0.019”×0.025” SS wire and a 0.022” slot is reduced. There is less freedom of movement of the wire in the slot and more binding and stress concentration in the bracket slot. This can also be a probable reason for slot distortion in Group 3. Daniel Flores et al 11 did a comparative study on deformation of metal brackets and found similar results as obtained in our study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of material and design on the force and stress required to permanently deform metal brackets. Results showed that 17-4PH and 303S had higher yield strength and regular twin brackets had a higher resistance to deformation. Also, as a slot torque degree increased, brackets deformed with less force. Kapur et al12compared load transmission and bracket deformation between titanium and stainless steel brackets and found similar results. Both 0.018 and 0.022 inch slot size edgewise brackets were tested in a specially designed apparatus that applied a torque value of 45°. The load generated was measured by an Instron Universal Testing Machine at intervals of 15°, 30°, and 45° of torque application. The structural stability of the brackets was evaluated by measuring the bracket slot width with a travelling stereoscopic microscope before and after the brackets were subjected to torsional forces.. The titanium brackets transmitted higher loads at 15° and 30° torque and lower load at 45° torque on application of torsional forces in comparison to stainless steel brackets. The titanium brackets demonstrated superior dimensional stability compared to stainless steel brackets. Lacoursiere et al13 measured orthodontic bracket tie wing elastic and plastic deformation by arch wire torque expression utilizing an optical image correlation technique. Ormco Orthos 0.022” (0.56mm) slot stainless steel upper right central incisor brackets with a 15-degree prescription and Ormco 0.019” × 0.025” stainless steel wires (Ormco Corporation,) combination was used. The torque expression jig which was added to an existing single axis torsion device was used. This experimental working confirmed anecdotal evidence that the bracket tie wings undergo elastic deformation when loaded.

Orthodontic clinicians should be aware that the preadjusted bracket and wire systems widely used in clinical practice may not produce the three-dimensional control required to produce an acceptable result. This may be particularly evident in cases that require incisor inclination correction, and the clinician should be aware that additional root torque may have to be added to the upper incisors to overcome inaccurate manufacturing dimensions. This clearly reduces the simplicity and effectiveness of a straightwire, preadjusted system and may encourage a clinician to favor the use of zero-base edgewise style treatments. A clinician, unhappy with a bracket and wire system that consistently produces over retraction of the incisors, may attempt to circumvent this problem by using a preprogramed bracket system with increased incisor torque values. This may be a way around the problem, but it would seem logical that bracket systems will only reproducibly produce their prescription when slots and wires are as intimately fitting as is clinically practical and possible to guarantee by the manufacturers.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study indicate that none of the companies of pre-adjusted appliance MBT prescription showed exact values of tip, torque and slot size along with significant amount of slot distortion which necessitates the need of wire bending for a technique which is called as Straight wire technique for full expression of tip and torque. Tip, torque and the slot size varied greatly between the bracket groups. Disclaimer`s note- This study does not intend to promote any product but is a genuine research to give an insight of the amount of variations present in a particular brand from the normal so that the clinicians are aware of the manufacturing errors and that they can take proper measures to counteract those errors clinically.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of manuscript. Authors are also grateful to the authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

1. Thickett E, Taylor NG, Hodge T. Choosing a pre-adjusted orthodontic appliance prescription for anterior teeth. J Orthod 2007; 34:95-100.

2. Andrews LF. Straight Wire, the Concept and Appliance. San Diego: L. A. Wells; 1989.

3. Peck S. Orthodontic slot size: it’s time to retool. Angle Orthod. 2001; 71:329–330.

4. Rubin R. A plea for agreement. Angle Orthod. 2001; 71:156.

5. M. E. Hixson, W. A. Brantley, J. J. Pincsak, and J. P. Conover, “Changes in bracket slot tolerance following recycling of direct-bond metallic orthodontic appliances,” The American Journal of Orthodontics, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 447–454, 1982.

6. Raghuraj. M.B. et al. Evaluation of efficacy of the MBT appliance in expressing inbuilt tip and torque values: using torque angulation device. J. Orthod Research; 2013:135- 141.

7. Meiling. T.R. et al. The effect of second order couple on the application of torque. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1998; 113:256-62.

8. Aditya. G. et al. Slot .022” MBT bracket torque accuracy (Evaluation of scanning electron microscopy- Research Article). Cited – 2013.

9. Kusy.R.P. Assessement of second-order clearances between orthodontic archwires and brackets slots via the critical contact angle for binding. Angle Orthod 1999; 69(1):71-80.

10. A.C Cash et al An Evaluation of Slot Size in Orthodontic Brackets—Are Standards as Expected? Angle Orthod 2004;74:450–453

11. Flores. D.A. et al. Deformation of metal brackets: a comparative study. Angle Orthod 1994; 64(4):283-290.

12. Kapur. et al. Comparision of load transmission and bracket deformation between titanium and stainless steel brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop1999; 116:275-8

13. Lacoursiere. R.A. et al. Measurement of orthodontic bracket tie wing elastic and plastic deformation by arch wire torque expression utilizing an optical image correlation technique. J Dent Biomech 2010:1-7.

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A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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