International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
logo
slider
slider
slider
slider
Bootstrap Slider

Indexed and Abstracted in: Crossref, CAS Abstracts, Publons, Google Scholar, Open J-Gate, ROAD, Indian Citation Index (ICI), ResearchGATE, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat (World's largest network of library content and services)

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 7(13), July, 2015

Pages: 69-73

Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

ROLE OF TRANSFERRIN SATURATION, SERUM IRON AND TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY INDICATING IRON-DEFICIENT ERYTHROPOIESIS IN SEVERE HOOKWORM INFECTION

Author: Govindarajalu Ganesan

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Objective: Severe anaemia is reported to occur in severe hookworm infection in many studies. But so far detailed study of the role of percent transferrin saturation, serum iron and total iron binding capacity which indicate iron-deficient erythropoiesis and iron status in patients with severe anaemia due to hookworm infection diagnosed by doing upper gastro intestinal endoscopy was not done. Hence a detailed study of the role of percent transferrin saturation, serum iron and total iron binding capacity which indicate iron-deficient erythropoiesis and iron status in patients with severe anaemia due to hookworm infection diagnosed by doing upper gastro intestinal endoscopy was done in our institute. Methods: A study of 1259 patients who had undergone upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy for a period of 5 years from May 2009 to April 2014 was carried out in our institute. In each of these 1259 patients, the first and second part of duodenum were carefully examined to find out the presence of hookworms. In all the patients found to have hookworms in duodenum,investigations were done to know about the presence of anaemia except in the very few patients who were lost for follow up. In patients with severe anaemia [haemoglobin < 7g/dl or g%] peripheral smear examination was also done in addition to haemoglobin estimation . But in one patient with severe anaemia various investigations which indicate iron-deficient erythropoiesis and iron status were also done namely transferrin saturation, serum iron and total iron binding capacity[TIBC] in addition to haemoglobin estimation and peripheral smear examination . The results were found as given below. Results: Of these 1259 patients, as many as 18 patients were found to have hookworms in duodenum while doing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Of these 18 patients, 4 patients were lost for follow up and full details about their investigations were not available. The remaining 14 patients were taken into consideration for our study. Of these14 patients, 9 patients had anaemia and 2 of these 9 patients were found to have severe anaemia [haemoglobin 3.2g%, haemoglobin 2.1 g%.] The peripheral smear of both the patients showed severe hypochromic anaemia. In one patient with severe anaemia [haemoglobin 3.2g%] in whom various investigations which indicate iron-deficient erythropoiesis and iron status were also done, transferrin saturation and serum iron were extremely low but total iron binding capacity[TIBC] was normal. Conclusion: Hence measurement of transferrin saturation, serum iron and total iron binding capacity could reveal iron-deficient erythropoiesis and deteriorating iron status in patients with severe anaemia due to hookworm infection.

Keywords: Severe anaemia, Hookworm infection, Transferrin saturation, Serum iron, Total iron binding capacity, Upper gastro intestinal endoscopy

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Severe anaemia is reported to occur in severe hookworm infection in many studies (1 to 17). But so far detailed study of the role of percent transferrin saturation, serum iron and total iron binding capacity which indicate irondeficient erythropoiesis and iron status was not done in patients with severe anaemia due to hookworm infection diagnosed by doing upper gastro intestinal endoscopy. Hence a detailed study of the role of percent transferrin saturation, serum iron and total iron binding capacity which indicate iron-deficient erythropoiesis and iron status was done in patients with severe anaemia due to hookworm infection diagnosed by doing upper gastro intestinal was done in our institute.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study was conducted in the department of general surgery, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry. A study of 1259 patients who had undergone upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy in our institute for a period of 5 years from May 2009 to April 2014 was carried out. In each of these 1259 patients, the first and second part of duodenum were carefully examined to find out the presence of single or multiple hookworms. In all the patients found to have hookworms in duodenum, investigations were done to know about the presence of anaemia except in the very few patients who were lost for follow up. Anaemia is defined as haemoglobin < 12g/dl or 12g% in women and haemoglobin < 13g/dl or13g% in men. Severe anaemia is taken as haemoglobin <7g/dl or g% . In patients with severe anaemia [haemoglobin <7g/dl or g%] peripheral smear examination was also done in addition to haemoglobin estimation. But in one patient with severe anaemia, various investigations which indicate iron-deficient erythropoiesis and iron status were also done namely transferrin saturation, serum iron and total iron binding capacity [TIBC]. The results were found as given below.

RESULTS

Of these 1259 patients, as many as 18 patients were found to have hookworms in duodenum while doing upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy. Of these 18 patients, 4 patients were lost for follow up and full details about their investigations were not available. The remaining 14 patients were taken into consideration for our study. Of these14 patients, 9 patients had anaemia and 2 of these 9 patients were found to have severe anaemia [haemoglobin 3.2g%, haemoglobin 2.1 g%].

a. Investigations done in the patient with haemoglobin 2.1 g%.

In addition to haemoglobin estimation, peripheral smear examination was also done in the patient with haemoglobin 2.1 g% which showed severe hypochromic anaemia.

b. Detailed investigations which indicate irondeficient erythropoiesis and iron status in the patient with haemoglobin 3.2g%.

In this patient with severe anaemia with haemoglobin 3.2g%, various investigations which indicate irondeficient erythropoiesis and iron status were also done namely transferrin saturation, serum iron and total iron binding capacity [TIBC] in addition to haemoglobin estimation and peripheral smear examination . In this patient with severe anaemia with haemoglobin 3.2g%, transferrin saturation is very low and is only 5%[ normal range is 20-50%] and serum iron is very low-20 μg / dL [normal range 50 to 170 μg/dL] . Total iron binding capacity or TIBC is howewer normal in this patient- 434 μg/dL[normal range 240-450μg/dL] . These three tests- serum iron, percent transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity are generally done at the same time to diagnose iron deficiency. Iron deficiency results in a reduction in serum iron (SI) levels, an elevation in transferrin (total iron-binding capacity [TIBC]) levels, and hence a net reduction in transferrin saturation (i.e. serum iron/ total iron binding capacity). Transferrin saturation is calculated from serum iron and total iron binding capacity and gives a measure of iron availability for erythropoiesis. Transferrin saturation= serum iron/ total iron binding capacity.

Transferrin[iron transport]

Iron absorbed from intestinal mucosal cells is transferred to transferrin, an iron-transport protein synthesized in the liver. Transferrin contains two specific high-affinity ferric (III) binding sites and each molecule of transferrin binds with similar affinity two molecules of iron (18). Serum ferritin measures the stored iron, but only transferrin binds the iron ions or ferric ions and is essential if stored iron is to be moved and used.

Decreased transferrin saturation[indicator of impaired erythropoiesis].

The extent to which sites on transferrin molecules are filled by iron ions is known as percent transferrin saturation and its normal range is 20-50%. Transferrin saturation identifies iron-deficient erythropoiesis and erythropoiesis is impaired when transferrin saturation falls to < 16%(19). In our patient, transferrin saturation is very low and is only 5% indicating iron-deficient erythropoiesis.

Decreased transferrin saturation[indicator of deteriorating iron status]

. Measurement of transferrin saturation could reveal deteriorating iron status even before the haemoglobin concentration had fallen below the normal value (20). In a very important study, among patients with hookworm infection as many as 16 patients had low percentage of transferrin saturation but with normal blood haemoglobin concentration(20).

Decreased serum iron

Serum iron measures the iron molecules that are bound to transferrin and circulating in the blood. But in our pa-tient, serum iron is very low-20 μg /dL [normal range 50 to 170 μg/dL] which indicates that only very low amount of iron molecules are bound to transferrin and are circulating in the blood of our patient. In one important study also, patients with hookworm infection had very low levels of serum iron (21).

Decreased serum iron as indicator of impaired erythropoiesis

In addition to transferrin saturation, measurement of serum iron level is also the other important indicator of iron-deficient erythropoiesis (21). Erythropoiesis is impaired when serum iron falls to < 50 μg/dL (< 9 μmol/L) and transferrin saturation falls to < 16%. Our patient also had very low levels of serum iron -20 μg /dL and very low levels of transferrin saturation- only 5% indicating the severity of her iron-deficient erythropoiesis.

Total iron binding capacity or TIBC [normal in iron deficiency] .

Measurement of the total amount of transferrin is called total iron binding capacity [TIBC] which is howewer normal in our patient- 434 μg/dL[normal range 240-450μg/ dL] . The total amount of transferrin which is produced by the liver is normal. Only the extent to which the sites on transferrin molecules are filled by iron ions [transferrin saturation] has become very low in our patient.

DISCUSSION

Transferrin [iron transport]

Transferrin, is the specific transport protein for iron in the plasma pool, and each molecule binds with two molecules of iron (18). The protein circulates throughout the plasma pool and delivers iron to cells via the transferrin receptor pathway (18).

Percent transferrin saturation

65% of iron in the body is bound up in haemoglobin. 30% of iron in the body is stored as ferritin in the spleen, bone marrow and the liver. Transferrin is a molecule produced by the liver that binds one or two ferric ions and transferrin is essential if stored iron is to be moved and used. Usually 30% [ 20 -50 %] of the available sites on the transferrin molecule are filled. But in our patient, transferrin saturation is very low and is only 5% . Hence only 5% [normal range 20-50%] of the available sites on the transferrin molecule are filled indicating the severity of her iron deficient erythropoiesis.

Serum iron

In our patient, serum iron is very low-20 μg /dL [normal range 50 to 170 μg/dL]. In one  important study also, patients with hookworm infection had very low levels of serum iron (22) .

Decreased percent transferrin and serum iron as indicators of impaired erythropoiesis.

Concurrent helminth infections have harmful effects on erythropoiesis in young children. Decreased percent transferrin saturation and serum iron reveal impaired erythropoiesis and deteriorating iron status as shown by many studies. 

Study conducted by Ahmed F et al

In a study conducted by Ahmed F et al 15% of adolescent schoolgirls in urban Bangladesh had subnormal serum iron ( < 7.16 mumol/l) and about 25% were iron deficient judged by decreased serum transferrin saturation (Transferrin saturation < 15%). (22).

Study conducted by Che?chowska M et al

The lowest values of iron were observed in a group of urban middle-class non-pregnant women in a study conducted by Che?chowska M et al. (23). Saturation of transferrin lower than 15%, which indicated deficiency of iron for erythropoiesis, was also observed in this group of urban middle-class non-pregnant women (23) . Hence this study has demonstrated that a transferrin saturation of <15% is insufficient to meet normal daily requirements for erythropoiesis.

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) [ normal or increased in iron deficiency] .

Total iron binding capacity or TIBC is normal or increased in people with iron deficiency. Early stage of iron deficiency is characterized by decreased bone marrow iron stores and serum ferritin level falls to <15 ng/mL. The compensatory increase in iron absorption causes an increase in total ironbinding capacity (transferrin level).

Study conducted by Kaneshige E

Serum ferritin concentration and transferrin level or total iron binding capacity were measured simultaneously in a study conducted by Kaneshige E during pregnancy. During the second and third trimesters, serum ferritin level decreased significantly. However, transferrin level or total iron binding capacity increased(24) . Hence total iron binding capacity[TIBC] is not decreased in iron deficiency. Hookworm infection is the most common cause of iron deficiency in developing nations.

Decreased serum iron in relation to number of hookworms

Up to a burden of 100—200 worms there is rather little effect on blood iron or serum iron in the study conducted by Crompton DW et al(20). At worm burdens of about 500 there is a very large reduction in blood iron or serum iron (20).

Decreased serum iron in hookworm infection

People of aboriginal community in north-west Australia over 14 years of age who had hookworm (number = 82) had significantly lower levels of serum iron than uninfected Aboriginals (number = 38) and non-Aboriginals (number = 19) in the same age group (21).

Decreased transferrin saturation in hookworm infection

Measurements of transferrin saturation could reveal deteriorating iron status among patients with hookworm infection in the study conducted by Crompton DW et al (20).

Decreased transferrin saturation and serum iron in hookworm infection

In a study conducted by Bakta I. M et al Hercberg’s criteria of iron deficiency (serum iron< 50 mg/dl, transferrin saturation<16% and serum ferritin< 20 ng/dl) was used. Hookworm infection causes chronic blood loss which lead to iron depletion. This is shown in the iron status of the patients. All patients were iron depleted as shown by low transferrin saturation. Low serum iron was found in 75% of cases (25).

CONCLUSION

Hence measurement of transferrin saturation, serum iron and total iron binding capacity could reveal iron-deficient erythropoiesis and deteriorating iron status in patients with severe anaemia due to hookworm infection.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author acknowledges the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The author is also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed. The author is extremely grateful to IJCRR editorial board members and IJCRR team of reviewers who have helped to bring quality to this manuscript.

References:

1. Kato T, Kamoi R, Iida M, Kihara T. Endoscopic diagnosis of hookworm disease of the duodenum J Clin Gastroenterol. 1997 Mar;24(2):100-102.

2. Govindarajalu Ganesan. A detailed study to know about the occurrence of chronic diarrhea in addition to severe anaemia and severe eosinophilia in patients having hookworms in duodenum while doing upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy in healthcare institute. IJCRR. 2014; 6(23): 54- 58.

3. Yan SL, Chu YC. Hookworm infestation of the small intestine Endoscopy 2007; 39: E162±163.

4. Chao CC1, Ray ML. Education and imaging. Gastrointestinal: Hookworm diagnosed by capsule endoscopy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Nov;21(11):1754.

5. Christodoulou, D. K., Sigounas, D. E., Katsanos, K. H., Dimos, G., and Tsianos, E. V.. Small bowel parasitosis as cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosed by capsule endoscopy. World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2(11), 2010: 369.

6. Genta RM, Woods KL. Endoscopic diagnosis of hookworm infection. Gastrointest Endosc 1991 July;37(4):476-8.

7. Anjum Saeed, Huma Arshad Cheema, Arshad Alvi, Hassan Suleman. Hookworm infestation in children presenting with malena -case seriesPak J Med Res Oct - Dec 2008;47(4) ):98-100.

8. A Rodríguez, E Pozo, R Fernández, J Amo, T Nozal. Hookworm disease as a cause of iron deficiency anemia in the prison population Rev Esp Sanid Penit 2013; 15: 63-65.

9. Li ZS1, Liao Z, Ye P, Wu RP Dancing hookworm in the small bowel detected by capsule endoscopy: a synthesized video. Endoscopy. 2007 Feb;39 Suppl 1:E97. Epub 2007 Apr 18.

10. Kalli T1, Karamanolis G, Triantafyllou K Hookworm infection detected by capsule endoscopy in a young man with iron deficiency. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Apr;9(4):e33.

11. Chen JM1, Zhang XM, Wang LJ, Chen Y, Du Q, Cai JT. Overt gastrointestinal bleeding because of hookworm infection. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012 Apr;5(4):331-2.

12. Hyun HJ, Kim EM, Park SY, Jung JO, Chai JY, Hong ST . A case of severe anemia by Necator americanus infection in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2010 Dec;25(12):1802-4.

13. Wu KL, Chuah SK, Hsu CC, Chiu KW, Chiu YC, Changchien CS. Endoscopic Diagnosis of Hookworm Disease of the Duodenum: A Case Report. J Intern Med Taiwan 2002;13:27- 30.

14. Kuo YC, Chang CW, Chen CJ, Wang TE, Chang WH, Shih SC . Endoscopic Diagnosis of Hookworm Infection That Caused Anemia in an Elderly Person. International Journal of Gerontology. 2010 ; 4(4) : 199-201.

15. Nakagawa Y, Nagai T, Okawara H, Nakashima H, Tasaki T,Soma W, et al. Comparison of magnified endoscopic images of Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm) and Anisakis simplex. Endoscopy 2009;41(Suppl. 2):E189.

16. Basset D, Rullier P, Segalas F, Sasso M. Hookworm discovered in a patient presenting with severe iron-deficiency anemia Med Trop (Mars). 2010 Apr;70(2):203-4.

17. LEE, T.-H., YANG, J.-c., LIN, J.-T., LU, S.-C. and WANG, T.- H. Hookworm Infection Diagnosed by Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: —Report of Two Cases with Review of the Literature— Digestive Endoscopy, 1994 6(1):66–72.

18. WHO. Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention, and control. a guide for programme managers. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2001. (WHO/ NHD/01.3.).

19. Sarita Modi, Bose Sukhwant Study of iron status in female medical students Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research; March 2013: Issue-6, Vol.-2, P. 518-526.

20. Crompton DW, Whitehead RR. Hookworm infections and human iron metabolism Parasitology. 1993;107 Suppl:S137-45.

21. R M Hopkins, M S Gracey, R P Hobbs, R M Spargo, M Yates, R C Thompson The prevalence of hookworm infection, iron deficiency and anaemia in an aboriginal community in north-west Australia Med J Aust. 1997 Mar 3;166 (5):241- 4.

22. Ahmed F, Khan MR, Karim R, Taj S, Hyderi T, Faruque MO, Margetts BM, Jackson AA. Serum retinol and biochemical measures of iron status in adolescent schoolgirls in urban Bangladesh. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996 Jun;50(6):346-51.

23. Che?chowska M, Laskowska-Klita T, Leibschang J. . Concentration of ferritin, transferrin and iron as a markers of iron deficiency in healthy women in reproductive age]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2007 Jan;22(127):25-7. 24. Kaneshige E. Serum ferritin as an assessment of iron stores and other hematologic parameters during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1981 Feb;57(2):238-42.

25. Bakta and FX Budhianto S2 Hookworm anemia in the adult population of jagapati village, bali, indonesia Southeast asian j trop med public health vol 25 no. 3 september 1994

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


RSS feed

Indexed and Abstracted in


Antiplagiarism Policy: IJCRR strongly condemn and discourage practice of plagiarism. All received manuscripts have to pass through "Plagiarism Detection Software" test before Toto Macau forwarding for peer review. We consider "Plagiarism is a crime"

IJCRR Code of Conduct: To achieve a high standard of publication, we adopt Good Publishing Practices (updated in 2022) which are inspired by guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)

Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



ABOUT US

International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

Contact

148, IMSR Building, Ayurvedic Layout,
        Near NIT Complex, Sakkardara,
        Nagpur-24, Maharashtra State, India

editor@ijcrr.com

editor.ijcrr@gmail.com


Copyright © 2024 IJCRR. Specialized online journals by ubijournal .Website by Ubitech solutions