International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 13(14), July, 2021

Pages: 200-204

Date of Publication: 20-Jul-2021


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Segmentation of Features Using Neural Network with Cardiac Dataset

Author: Ramamoorthy V, Deepa D, Cherukullapurath Mana S, Sivasangari A, Samhitha BK, Judgi T

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Introduction: One of the most popular applications of Artificial Intelligence that has seen immense growth in the digital era is Deep Learning techniques where the system studies and improves its performance through progressive learning without any explicit programming. Deep learning is widely used in numerous applications and one of them being medical analysis. Feature extraction and Image classification are considered to be the most popularly used approaches done using the deep learning process. Method: In this paper, we will segment cardiac bi-ventricle from magnetic resonance (MR) images. The segmented images are then classified through Deep Neural Networks where the sequence of images is validated frame by frame. The efficiency of the proposed model is evaluated and is compared with other traditional Deep Learning processes. Result: Theexecutionof the model is more precise as the model uses an iterative approach for feature extraction in classifying images. Conclusion: It is observed that the proposed interactive model provides better performance.

Keywords: Medical analysis, Classification, Deep learning, Segmentation, Artificial neural network, Feature extraction

Full Text:

  1. INTRODUCTION

The development of Artificial Intelligence has provided birth to a lot of brand-new solutions, from that the favourite solutions which are being developed currently are Machine Learning Approaches as well as Deep Learning Techniques. These mastering methods are commonly used within several fields such for instance healthcare picture evaluation1 automatic robot course preparing 2 flood detection within a specific area or city 3 and also acreage coverage category.4 Printer mastering strategy is a procedure for studying a certain undertaking with no man treatment as well as enhancing the overall performance just by constant mastering procedure. The mastering methods are of two types: supervised learning, 5 where the category classification is designed for the functions on the instruction dataset as well as unsupervised studying 6,7,8 exactly where absolutely no product labels are provided and also other method has to tag the characteristics on the dataset. This Include removal is a crucial practise within the entire printer mastering techniques.9 The extracted capabilities might subsequently be utilized for different methods as regression or classification. The utilization of ANNs is largely known as Deep Learning Approach. When the community striving to learn every single level quite profoundly requires the result of every level because they form the centre of upcoming coating methods. 10,11ANNs can serve as a classifier similar to the performance associated with a natural neuron Owning many levels attached by way of weights. 12

Within picture processing, the quantity of pixels (picture elements) is dependent on the type of picture. The impression is the imitation of truth that provides just as much info as you can approximately an item. The setup of neurons being created levels and also the hookup patterns created within as well as in between every level is known as Network Structures. ANNs have information processing components that could fix any kind of difficulty via pre-determined examples instead of pre-defined algorithms.13

Deep Learning Approaches discovers a distinguishing value in the area of healthcare reputation evaluation. Pictures about the measurement of different areas of the body based upon various scales such as macroscopic or microscopic are coined as biomedical photographs. These biomedical pictures are produced although numerous tools including Ultrasound devices as well as CT scanners. With this approach, we suggest a method of determining as well as segmenting cardiac bi ventricle offered by MR pictures. The suggested method applications of Region of interest (ROI) Algorithm which recursively processes the pictures within the data source to determine the malignant cells as well as sector it out of various other areas of the body. Other parts of the image are made of a few similar segments which are effective and recommended by numerous scientists, the methodologies & algorithms employed within the suggested strategy as well as experimental outcomes.

  1. RELATED WORK

A lot of effective studies are suggested by different scientists for segmenting or maybe classifying a certain item or even a particular location coming from a picture. A semi instant segmentation technique suggested. Believed the number of tumour cells located inside the liver. 14 The borders of the tumour cells have Been pinpointed by a CT image. This task undertaken can use so much computation power and time. It is advertised to be effective in the process of locating the number of tumour cells present by segmenting them into segments. When it comes to hybrid picture segmentation, it is utilizing morphological algorithm for watersheds which consolidated advantage & area-based methods.15 The method discovered to become effective because it decreased the quantity of false-positive detection. Radiation of sound aided to the aspect for tacitly enhancing the processing phase of computation.16Created an effective and also strong supervised reputation co segmentation design containing a method known as style incentive as well as an energetic contour version. The unit was examined on several pictures coming from a data source as well as may effectively match the typical items with little mistake fee.

Brain tumour as detected by Jason J. Corso in 17 by integrating segmentation with Bayesian model. A weighted aggregation algorithm was used for the detection of tumour cells. The performance evaluation was done on a larger dataset where stochastic models were used to extract the features. The model could be enhanced by providing an accurate boundary of the tumour cells. Concurrent image segmentation and bias adjustment were performed by Kaihua Zhang,18 where minimization of energy was performed by an efficient Bayesian Learning Approach. The technique stated that the experimental results were performed on a real dataset of images and produced an accurate intensity of homogeneity. Md. Badrul et al.19 classified lung cancer images from CT scans using the MLFFNN technique yielding a good accuracy of 96.67%. FFNN approach used in20describedtheclassificationtechniqueproducingan accuracy of 92%. Rajesh Kumar Tripathy 21combinedSVMwithLeastSquareandprovidedan accuracy of 95.34%. Persi et. al. 2013 22 used.

The particle swarm optimization technique for predicting heart disease yielding 92.2% accuracy. Deepa et.al.23 proposed an idea of detecting road damage by image processing in smartphone and sending the co-ordinate point to the cloud from cloud user can visualize the road where the damages there it will show in the map. From this can able to avoid the accidents etc.

Similarly Keerthi et.al24 talks about CNN to identify tumors that are dangerous in lung disease. The CNN technique has the lot features and standard representation pneumonic radiological complexity, fluctuation and classification of a lung nodule. Similarly, Vignesh et.al25 discussed fewer deployment in the cloud storage with low-cost replication, higher availability with better performance in geo-replicated systems by data centres with these benefits.

Further Ishwarya et.al26 proposed a project to reduce congestion in traffic and calculating current traffic with normal. If any unusual them emergency passes through the signals. Based on that solves the traffic problems.

  1. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Numerous feature extraction methods and classification techniques are used widely to identify and detect the location of malignant cells such as tumour cells in the human body. Various classifiers such as SVM, K-means clustering and decision trees that are used widely for image segmentation applications have been already discussed. The enhanced and efficient model designed in the current paper first extracts images from an MR image dataset. The images are then pre-processed where all the features of the images are extracted using neural networks. The preprocessing is initially done by medical image analysis where all the images are processed in such a way that it generates new fused images that have high quality when compared to the original images. These fused images are easier for training and classifying the classifier as it contains more spatial and spectral information. The validation of the data set is done frame by frame for a particular period. As the proposed model is an iterative process, the model tends to produce a more accurate result when compared with other existing classifiers. The various steps involved in the entire model is discussed as follows:

Image Acquisition: The scanned images obtained from patients suffering from cardiac stroke are collected from databases and hospitals. The file formats collected from the database are.jpeg, .tift, .png file formats and the file dimensions consist of rows and columns.

Image Pre-processing: The purpose of image-processing is to increase the quality of the image and to improve the features of an image for further processing. After the image acquisition stage, the images pass through the pre-processing stage. There will be a change in the output image for the given input image. The occurrence of this change is due to the reduction of noise and/or enhancement of contrast. Image pre-processing is needed to vary its lightning condition. Preprocessing entails Color Normalization, Edge Detection, Noise Reduction, as well Histogram Equalization. A lot of filter systems are accustomed to bringing down the outcome of interference over the picture. Intermediate Filter is utilized for Color Normalization and Noise Reduction. Gabor Filter has utilized for Edge Enhancement as well as Histogram Equalization. Picture Enhancement is used to enhance the notion of information of pictures. Additionally, it modifies the characteristics of a picture and also causes it to be ideal for a job. The highest Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is estimated for all the segments and various picture information is established. The established good signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is used with a phrase for relating the ratio in between the optimum probable worth (energy) of the power and a signal of distorting racket which affects the calibre of the representation of its.

Feature Extraction: It is a method of capturing the visual content of the image. It is extracted from the segmented image which includes area, perimeter, equivalent diameter, irregularity index, mean, standard deviation and entropy. ExtractedFeatures are used in a neural classifier to train the model in this way to increase accuracy and recognize a particular class as normal or abnormal. The classifier will assign the unknown object to the correct class depending on the extracted features (Fig. 1).

Segmentation of Malignant Cells: In this process, the homogeneous regions are obtained from the input image. The region so interesting images are found by using the process of segmentation. It reduces the number of pixels of an image to make it easier for the subsequent step of feature extraction and classification. Segmentation is tougher in MR scan images and when combined with a large amount of data because of the additional dimensions that need to be considered for the proximity calculation. Fig. 1 depicts the flow chart of the entire classification process.

In Fig. 2 we have depicted the entire architecture of how the classification is done. The Input image or a video frame is given from the scanner database. In the case of a video file from the scanner, it is split into multiple frames and then is first converted into greyscale. The discrete cosine transformation method is applied to the image when the contrast of the image is enhanced in such a way that even the small feature soft images are perfectly visible. Thenthefeaturesareextractedfor further study and then finally Medical Image Fusion is performed on the image to obtain the segmented image. Once the fused images are obtained it is then trained using neural networks which are responsible for extracting the features of the image. Then required performance and the error calculation is done for the entire model.

RESULTS   AND DISCUSSION

The experiments are completed on the MATLAB R2018a version. The calculations are performed using the image Classification Learner Toolbox(ICLT) that is readily available in MATLAB.Initialstepistoinputanimagefromthe scanner database into the given tool. Fig 3 is a sample output image obtained after the classification using the neural network classifier. The cardiac bi-ventricle is can be easily detected from this classification.

As the next step, the RGB components are extracted from the image and then converted to a Grayscale image. The features are then trained with a neural networks classifier where some images are reserved for training and the rest of the images are used for testing of images. The classifier learns features from the given images and successfully classifies when any new image is given to it. It identifies where the image is benign or malignant. The accuracy of the neural network is observed with 99.69% whereas 99.9% specificity and 80.48% sensitivity. The segmentation of the cardiac bi-ventricle from the exact image gives us various parameters for measuring such as its intensity, volume, and size. This helps in diagnosing and treating cardiac-related issues more effectively. The results show the efficiency of the proposed approach.

  1. CONCLUSION

Numerous cancerous cells and tumour cells are prevailing in a lot of people nowadays. Early detection of these malignant cells could reduce the risk of loss of life to a greater extent. In this paper, we have suggested an efficient model of diagnosing cardiac bi-ventricle at an earlier stage by using Medical Image Analysis. The images obtained from MRI scanners are used for fusion in such a way that generates high image quality. The images are classified using deep neural networks. The region of Interest (ROI) algorithm is used to segment the area affected. These images are then used for further classification. Neural networks are used for classification and have obtained an accuracy level of about99.69%. As future work, we are currently working on improving the proposed algorithms to give better efficiency and more accurate predictions.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest involved

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We acknowledge the contributions made by peer researchers which motivate us to research this domain.

                   FUNDING

Not Applicable

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION

  1. R. Vignesh – Data Analysis

  2. D.Deepa – Manuscript planning

  3. SujaCherukullapurathMana- Data Collection

  4. A.Sivasangari- Implementation

  5. B. KeerthiSamhitha -  Analysis of Result

  6. T.Judgi- Manuscript Planning

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Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

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A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
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A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
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A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
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A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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