IJCRR

IJCRR - 13(6), March, 2021

Pages: 143-150

Date of Publication: 20-Mar-2021

Review on Efficient Food Waste Management System Using Internet of Things

Author: T. Bharath Kumar, Deepak Prashar

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:The present situation of food waste in the country is increasing from time to time which is from restaurants, households, and related industries. On the other side, to control food waste many techniques have been using from different perspectives. In recent years, one of the well-known technologies that reach new heights and showing considerable growth in all research areas is the Internet of Things (IoT). This article presents the review of the present standings of IoT in the field of food waste management by the contribution of various researchers and academicians. This article also discussed different methods like conducting questionnaires, reducing plate size in the hotel, smart garbage systems, intelligent refrigerator, strengthening the food supply chain, etc. These methods gave good results in minimizing food waste. Furthermore, different challenges and factors also mentioned during food waste at household or restaurants with future directions to researcher those who are working on this domain.

Keywords: Food Waste, IoT, Intelligent Refrigerator, Food Supply Chain, Sensors

Full Text:

Introduction

Meeting the food needs of an increasing population sustainably one of humanity's major problems in the coming decades is to be focused on scarce resources while protecting the environment. Present demographic patterns and consumption habits will continue to raise food demand for at least a further 40 years. Approximately one-third of the edible portions of world food generated, it is projected that human intake is missed or unused. In reaction to this vulnerability, the FAO has The Food Loss Index has been developed to measure how much food is lost. Until it hits the retail level, output or in the supply chain 14 per cent of food is diverted across the supply chain, according to FAO 2019, Before having hit the supermarket stage.

This paper is organized into different sections. The introduction is under section I, Internet of Things under section II, Aim of the Review is under Section III, Key findings of the Review Article is under Section IV, Research gap Identification/Future Directions are under Section V, Discussion is under Section VI and Conclusion in Section VII.

Internet of Things tells about connecting physical objects like mobile phones, vehicles, home appliances etc. to the internet to exchange data from anywhere to anywhere. By having this type of technology human intervention will be reduced a lot and works will be done easily. At present by 2020 approximately 50 million devices are connected to the internet and this number will be increased from day to day [Figure 1]. The applications of IoT include health, homes, cities, energy systems, retail, logistics, industry, agriculture sector, etc.  The following figure 2 shows various IoT communication technologies and figure 3 shows the current IoT enabled technologies. The goal of this literature review is to provide participants with a way to reduce food waste. It would ideally evoke more studies on IT applications for the elimination of food waste.    

Key Findings

The following table 1 shows key findings in the Literature and future challenges also mentioned.

Research gap Identification/Future Directions

1. Increasing the incentives for the workers of supermarkets, packaging, etc. to control the food waste.

2. Research on different policies to control food waste.

3. Finding the loss estimates of other commodities like dried fruits, dairy products etc.

4. Find other algorithms for processing, Shipment and  Quality Management.

5. Improving the quality of the food items inside the smart refrigerator.

6. Investigation of food waste into bio-fuel with simple and clean methods.

7. Improvisation of better efficiency of HSGB’S.

8.Better connectivity and using protocols for communication to improve begins to collect food waste.

9. Improve the security and privacy concerns to minimize the chances of hacking the smart refrigerator.

10. Concentrate on high-quality resolution cameras for quality photos inside the smart refrigerator.

11. Use of Big data to enhance food security.

12. Improving the shelf life to minimize food waste in the supply chain.

13.Improving food tackling the methods for measuring food waste.

14. Updating the Photodiodes to RFID technology for identifying the presence of objects inside   the fridge

15. Use more sensors to install on the raspberrypi3 to reduce the need for a plug system and apply this methodology for cabinets and living rooms.

Discussion

In this review article, we can observe many ways to control food waste in different situations. The majority of the papers are focusing on food waste control in the food supply chain because this chain consists of many modules like processing, preparing, packaging, classifying, transportation and distribution. So whenever control starts in this chain automatically there will be a change in food waste before consumption. The intelligent refrigerator also takes a major portion in reducing the food waste at household and restaurants because of inbuilt sensors and machine learning technique used in the implementation. The design of smart garbage systems also played a better role in collecting food waste and sending information to the higher authorities for further action.

Conclusion

The Internet of Things (IoT) involvement is increasing in reducing and updating the food waste across the country from time to time. Because of the availability of many sensors and communication technologies in IoT. This article provides an extensive survey of food waste management techniques/methods. The major concern is about reducing food waste to accommodate more number of people across the country. The researcher(s) can concentrate on the above gaps to improve food availability and reduce wastage.

Acknowledgement

We thank our colleagues from B V Raju Institute of Technology, Narsapur who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research, although they may not agree with all of the interpretations/conclusions of this paper. We are also grateful to authors/ editors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

Conflict of Interest:

There is no conflict of Interest.

Financial Support: Not applicable

Human or animal study Ethical clearance letter: Not Applicable

Informed consent: Not Applicable

Author Contribution:

T. Bharath Kumar: Literature review, Writing Manuscript, and Comparison of results.

Dr Deepak Prashar: Reviewed the complete article.

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