International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 13(5), March, 2021

Pages: 109-114

Date of Publication: 03-Mar-2021


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Dynamics of Infectivity and Fatality of COVID-19 Pandemic

Author: Abdur Rashid Ahmed

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Introduction: There is much debate about the growing incidence and fatality of COVID-19 in the entire globe that whether this incidence and fatality of the pandemic are really and statistically varying among the countries particularly with different health status and economic development. Objective: Based on the above research problem, the paper investigates the variations in average death, infection rate, fatality rate and mortality rate and looks into the statistical significance of their growth trends among different group of countries. Methods: The data on total confirmed cased and the total number of death for 178 countries used in this research has been collected from the World Health Organization (WHO) Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. The paper explains the current status estimating of average death, incidence rate, fatality rate and mortality rate. Moreover, the paper also investigates the statistical significance of average death, incidence rate, fatality rate and mortality rate applying compound monthly growth rate and one-way ANOVA. Results: The paper reveals that average death and infection rate of COVID-19 in all countries are increasing irrespective of economic and other categories. However, the fatality rate is found to be very low in relatively low level-income countries as well as low human developed countries. Moreover, one-way ANOVA results also show that infection and mortality rates are significantly very high among high-income countries and high Human Development Index (HDI) level countries. But fatality rate which is significantly high among low-income countries and very low among Global Health Security (GHS) least-prepared countries. Conclusion: The average death and infection rate of COVID-19 in all countries are increasing irrespective of economic and other categories but the fatality rate is found to be very low in relatively low level-income as well as low HDI level countries.

Keywords: COVID-19, Fatality rate, Mortality rate, Compound monthly growth rate

Full Text:

Introduction

The unexpected emergence and expansion of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) have changed much of the present world in the beginning few months of the year 2020. This is an unprecedented pandemic the world has ever faced when no country across the globe remained unaffected by the disease. SARS-CoV-2 or simply known as COVID-19 is a viral and infectious disease which is newly discovered in China (Wuhan city) in December of 2019. The Government of China officially reported it to WHO on December 31, 2019. Later, the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak is a global health emergency on January 30, 2020, and subsequently it was declared as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. After the H1N1 influenza pandemic of 2019, COVID-19 has been given such tag by WHO. According to WHO, there have been 22,256,219 confirmed cases of COVID-19 including 782,456 deaths (fatality rate of 3.5%) reported as of 20 August 2020 globally.1 Hence, COVID-19 has become a greater threat to the existence of entire humanity and posed a major cause of ongoing economic depression across the globe. However, the major brunt of the pandemic will be borne by the poor countries like sub-Saharan African countries where the medical facilities are not easily available for the poor people and these lower-income or lower-middle-income countries neither have many resources nor have the scientific capacity to contain the spread of COVID-19.2

According to WHO, most of the COVID-19 infected patients will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. But COVID-19 can be manifested fatal with the presence of co-morbidities and higher risk for aged people or older section of population those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.3 Currently, there are no proven treatments for COVID-19. However, the whole scientific community especially virologists are busy with many clinical trials and researches evaluating potential treatments of the pandemic. A slew of such studies already has shared the facts and findings of their ongoing researches and clinical trials. Within such a short period, scientists and researchers have found several facts and findings of the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19. According to WHO, the COVID-19 virus spreads primarily through tiny droplets and aerosols from the nose when an infected and inattentive person coughs or sneezes.4 The spread of this zoonotic disease can be reduced on certain weather conditions like high temperature and humidity which may help to contain the spread of COVID-19 some countries with these weather conditions.5 The select preliminary studies while attempting to estimate the pattern of the spread of COVID-19 finds that this virus replicates very fast as like the SARS-CoV-1 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-1) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome corona­virus (MERS-CoV).6

However, there is a much debate about the growing incidence and fatality of COVID-19 in the entire globe that whether this incidence and fatality of the pandemic are significantly varying among the countries particularly with different health status and economic development. Seeking the answer to this question, the paper investigates the variations in average death, infection rate, fatality rate and mortality rate of 178 countries.

Materials and Methods

Data and Sources

The data on total confirmed cased and the total number of death for 178 countries used in this research has been collected from the WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard.7 However, the various country classifications of these countries have been carried out based on WHO region, Income classification, HDI classification and GHS classification provided by WHO, World Bank, United Nations Development Program, and Global Health Security Index respectively. The Global Health Security (GHS) Index is a comprehensive assessment of health security and related capabilities and it is a jointly developed by the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) and the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (JHU) with the help of the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).

Statistical Tools

To analyze the data, I have used simple statistical tools like infection rate, fatality rate, mortality rate, compound monthly growth rate and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance).8 Infection, fatality and mortality rates indicate total confirmed cases per million populations, total deaths per million confirmed cases and total deaths per million populations respectively calculated using the following formulas.

Also, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) has been applied to test variation of the infection rate, fatality rate, mortality rate among the various country groups.

Results and Discussion

Spread and Status

The spreading out of COVID-19 and current status of the pandemic has been discussed with the help of an average number of death, infection rate (number of confirmed cases per million populations), fatality rate (number of deaths per million confirmed cases) and mortality rate (number of deaths per million populations) as defined in the methodology.9

Table-1 displays the average death, infection, fatality and mortality rates of COVID-19 pandemic in different geographical regions.10 This table shows that infection rate and mortality rate are highest in South American countries whereas the fatality rate is very high in European countries. In contrast, more specifically as per World Bank classification, East and South Asian countries show having very less infection, fatality and mortality rates compared to European and North American countries.

Table 1: Infection, Fatality and Mortality rates of COVID-19 by Geographical Regions

However, Table-2 exhibits the infection, fatality and mortality rates of COVID-19 among countries with different level of economic development. The table demonstrates that infection, fatality and mortality rates are significantly very lofty among high and upper-middle-income countries (i.e. countries with GNI per capita greater than US$3996) whereas low-income countries (i.e. countries with GNI per capita less than US$1026) register low infection and mortality. Moreover, classification by HDI (Human Development Index) shows that countries with very high and high human development are having the soaring infection, fatality and mortality rates.11 Similarly, the countries with high Global Health Security Index (GSHI) grouped as most prepared countries (i.e. countries with overall GHS Index of 66 or greater out of 100) are also register high infection, fatality and mortality rates compared to more and least prepared countries. 

Growth of infection and fatality

The current status discussed in the above tables is silence about the trend of the COVID-19 i.e. whether it is growing or shrinking in the different regions. Hence, to capture the aspects I have applied compound monthly growth rate (using a similar method of calculating compound annual growth rate, CAGR). The compound monthly growth rate (CMGR), estimated for February-July of 2020, will help us to track the growth of COVID-19 pandemic in terms the average number of death, infection rate, fatality rate and mortality rates among the countries with different level of health-related and economic development has been shown in the following table and panels.12,13

Table-3 displays that average death and infection rate of COVID-19 in all continents are increasing at an alarming rate but unlike in other continents, the fatality rate in Asia and Africa registers a decreasing trend. In a similar vein, average death and infection rate of COVID-19 in all countries irrespective of economic and other categories are increasing whereas the fatality rate in relatively low-level income countries (lower-middle and low-income countries) and or low human development countries, it is declining. Moreover, the least prepared countries in GHS index also shows declining fatality rate.

Results of one-way ANOVA

But the variations of the numbers observed in the above tables may be random and we can’t say with certainty and conviction that the variations are statistically significant in terms of infection, fatality and mortality rates among the countries/regions or countries with different level of economic development without formal confirmation with statistical analysis.

Hence, several one-way ANOVA taking infection rate, fatality rate and mortality rate as the dependent variable to test them among different continents, income group, HDI group and GHS index group as independent variables (as shown in Table-4). The results show that infection and mortality rates are significantly very high among countries with high-income as well as with high HDI level. But the fatality rate is significantly high among low-income countries (see Table-2). Besides, the fatality rate is also significantly low among the least-prepared countries as classified by the GHS index.14

Conclusion

The paper investigates that whether the incidence, fatality and mortality of COVID-19 pandemic are really and statistically varying among the countries particularly with different health status and economic development. The paper reveals that the variations in average death, infection rate, fatality rate and mortality rate irrespective of economic and other categories are increasing significantly. The results also corroborated by the one-way ANOVA analysis which reconfirms that infection and mortality rates are significantly very high among high-income and high HDI level countries. But, the results also show that the fatality rate is significantly low-income countries as well as among the GHS least-prepared countries. However, a host of scientists working on various preventive measures to reduce the fatality rate of COVID-19. But the potential gains from these upcoming preventive strategies should incorporate the necessary precautions of economic and health consequences of that future preventive measures.15

Author Contributions: All works regarding conceptualization, development of methodology, original draft preparation, review and editing etc. all carried out by the author.

Acknowledgement: Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references to this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors/editors/publishers of all those ar­ticles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

Conflict of Interest: Nil

Source of Funding: Nil

Ethical Approval: Not Applicable

References:

  1. WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report–46. 2020 [Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports].

  2. Alimoglu O, Kilic F, Erol CI, Eren T. What the COVID-19 pandemic means for sub-Saharan African countries. Int J Human Health Sci 2020;5(1):127-128.

  3. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395(10223).

  4. WHO. Global surveillance for COVID-19 caused by human infection with COVID-19 virus. 2020. Available at [https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/global-surveillance-for-covid-19-caused-by-human-infectionwith-covid-19-virus-interim-guidance]

  5. Colapkulu N, Simsek FI, Leblebici IM, Alimoglu O. Covid-19 pandemic and weather conditions: Can temperature curb the spread? Int J Human Health Sci 2020;5(2):264-266.

  6. Jie S, Logeswaran R. Estination of the Basic Reproduction Rate (R0) of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Curr Res Rev 2020;12(20):81-86.

  7. WHO. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. August 2020, Available at [https://covid19.who.int/]

  8. Ghani AC, Donnelly CA, Cox DR, Griffin JT, Fraser C, Lam TH, et al. Methods for estimating the case fatality ratio for a novel, emerging infectious disease. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:479-486.

  9. Angelopoulos A, Pathak R, Varma R, Jordan MI. Identifying and Correcting Bias from Time- and Severity- Dependent Reporting Rates in the Estimation of the COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate. Harvard Data Sci Rev 2020. https://doi.org/10.1162/99608f92.f01ee285

  10. Public Health Agency of Sweden. The infection fatality rate of COVID-19 in Stockholm-Technical report. 2020, Available at https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/contentassets/53c0dc391be54f5d959ead9131edb771/infection-fatality-rate-covid19-stockholm-technical-report.pdf]

  11. UNDP. Human Development Report: Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development. 2009. Available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2009/]

  12. Sharma A, Tiwari S, Deb MK, Marty JL. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): a global pandemic and treatment strategies, Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;56(2):106054.

  13. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID?19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study. The Lancet. 2020; 395 (10229):1054?1062.

  14. Pan D, Sze S, Minhas JS, Bangash MN, Pareek N, Divall P, et al. The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review. E Clinical Medicine. 2020;23:100404.

  15. Godman, Brian. Combating COVID-19: Lessons learnt particularly among developing countries and the implications. Bangladesh J Med Sci 2020;19:103-108.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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