International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 13(5), March, 2021

Pages: 32-35

Date of Publication: 03-Mar-2021


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An Assessment of Pain-Free Blood Glucose Level by Noninvasive Methods

Author: Agalya V, Sumathi S

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the kind of metabolic disease that affects millions of people around the world. Diabetics must have a constant awareness of their blood glucose level to keep their physics in healthy condition. Objective: In this paper, a comprehensive discussion on current methods which are performed for blood glucose measurement and exploration on the current implementation of noninvasive glucometer strategies through linear regression is represented. Methods: Linear regression models are generated through One-to-One and weighted average correlation of individual input parameters. Thirty-eight samples are incorporated in the analysis, here Density in 'kg/m3 ', Pressure generated by Blood Test in 'Pa' and Absorption in 'AU' is considered as Input parameters and Glucose Concentration in 'mg/dL' as an output parameter. R-Square is performed to understand the best fitting between observed and predicted Glucose Concentration levels. In the end, the weighted average prediction is also done for the correlation. Results: By comparing the observed value, the linear regression predicted the optimal glucose concentration (mg/dl) with 0.9794 R-Square value. And from the prediction process, it was observed that Density to Glucose Concentration result with 100% best fitting, Pressure to Glucose Concentration result with 99.99% best fitting, Absorption to Glucose Concentration result with 97.95% best fitting and Weighted Average to Glucose Concentration result with 99.8% best fitting. Conclusion: Arrived direct correlations are very much useful to create new products for monitoring blood glucose level continuously under non-invasive conditions.

Keywords: Metabolic, Glucose, Blood, Noninvasive, samples, Linear Regression

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

People with diabetics are tasked with monitoring their blood glucose levels at frequent intervals within the day to ensure the blood glucose levels within the permissible range.1 Based on this measurement, diabetics can inspect their health to make sure of their life safety.2-4 The most familiar method of measuring the glucose content is by blood sampling and testing with glucometers. This is done through pricking their skin in fingers many times in a day. This inconvenience can be rectified by the way of noninvasive glucose monitor systems.5 A special type of sensor is introduced here to obtain the accurate value of blood glucose level without collecting blood samples.

Blood Glucose measuring techniques have three categorization1 (i) Invasive (ii) Minimal Invasive and (iii) Noninvasive as shown in figure 1. This paper illustrates on various contents of noninvasive glucose monitoring systems with the following classes, (a) Diabetes and its impact (b) Invasive glucose measurement strategies which are currently in use (c) Traditional strategies on noninvasive glucose measurement (d) New approaches in noninvasive glucometers and (e) Conclusions regarding the feasibility methods.

DIABETES AND ITS IMPACT

“Diabetes” is the kind of autoimmune disease results due to the loss of the ability of the pancreas to produce adequate quantity and quality of insulin required to break down the glucose content. In the digestive system, carbohydrates are break down into glucose which is then utilized by the cell for energy conversion. To use this glucose, cells need insulin. If required insulin is not present in the cells then it results with excess glucose in the blood stream. Generally two types of diabetes,  Type 1 is Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus occur in childhood due to genetic predisposition and Type 2 is Non-Insulin Dependent occurs later in life due to obesity and other relevant factors.

If blood sugar is left unregulated over a time leads to accelerated complications like a greater risk of stroke.1,3 Now a day, there is a need for minimization of the complications associated with diabetes and respective health care cost. So the appropriate glucose measurement method is always in demand to keep the people under healthy condition.

INVASIVE GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT STRATEGIES

At present there are two main methods are followed under Invasive glucose measurement, the first one is called an A1C test. This simple lab test is conducted through a small amount of blood sample drawn from the person. This test helps to find the average glucose level in the blood for the past three months. For diabetics, this test is recommended at least twice in a year which helps to measure the risk level. The scale measurement followed in A1C test is 12, 11, 20, 9, 8, 7 and 6 corresponding to the average glucose level of 345, 310, 275, 240, 205, 170 and 135 respectively.

The test procedure is, pricking of patient finger to collect blood sample with a help of lancet, then dropped into a strip and optical meter is used to measure the blood glucose content level. Based on the type of sensor, healthy condition is measured for blood glucose level as prescribed in Table 1.

Another mode of invasive glucose measurement is based on different site inspection like the upper arm and forearm, but the accuracy is not up to the level of pricking method. Another method is MINIMED monitoring system, it is known as invasive continuous monitoring system3, here a small plastic catheter is inserted under the skin to measure the blood glucose level continually and sometimes it is used to inject insulin at the risky situation. These methods have their discomfort like fainting at sight and anxiety towards regular usage. To overcome this kind of distress, preferably noninvasive methods are considered.

TRADITIONAL STRATEGIES ON NONINVASIVE GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT

The main objective of noninvasive glucose measurement is to avoid pain and discomfort, piercing of skin and tissue deterioration. Many strategies are applied to reach these requirements; some of the inventions are commercially available is illustrated in Table 2. Two different techniques are used for the development of the product (i) Reverse Iontophoresis – Electrical current-based (ii) Spectroscopy – Interaction of Light-based.

Non-invasive applied by Photoacoustic spectroscopy, here beam of light is performed. Optical energy generated from the light capable of developing an acoustic pressure wave. This wave helps to find glucose concentration through the microphone. A linear response is perceived by Mckenzie et al., based on the light source and glucose concentration.9 Later the research created by incorporating piezoelectric transducer and a laser pulse measurement through an optical fibre.10 The transducers are capable of detecting the photoacoustic pulse with high accuracy.3

Another strategy followed is Scatter changes of a blood sample based on the refraction index. Light refraction measured under abdomen is observed as accurate site indication of blood glucose level. The scatter method requires calibration process, so it is mandatory to take into account of signal shift due to location factors.4

NEW APPROACHES IN NONINVASIVE GLUCOMETERS

Few recent geometry methods are available based on reverse iontophoresis and fluorescence. Fluorescence method is achieved by using a contact lens. These methods are continuous and non-invasive by incorporating carbon nanotubes and metabolic heat conformation. Under Metabolic heat confirmation method, body heat and oxygen supply are measured through a sensing device.11 In 19thcentury, elevated tear glucose levels were first introduced.12 Blood glucose level can be monitored through the tears. Boron acid doped lens is deficient with electron which can be easily reached back by the presence of glucose. This change will be reflected in fluorescence spectral which is directly related to blood glucose level.11 A related study found that these lenses are comfortable to use continuously for long run.13

Other new approaches are based on the sugars leaching, pH response, sensitivity, polarity and comfortability.5,12 Leaching is known as the process of extraction of specific materials from a carrier and converts into a liquid. From the literature, it was found that leaching will cause about eight percentage changes in the fluorescent intensity.11 GlucoScope and Glucoview are the products invented under non-invasive glucometer in the year 2003. GlucoScope is a small pair of binoculars used to measure the blood glucose level based on the fluid which is associated in the anterior chamber of the eyes. Gluco-view is the kind of disposable contact lens used to measure the glucose level in the tears by changing the respective colour spectrum.14 All these products are having a drawback of collecting the data for prediction which significantly affect the calibration process.

MATHEMATICAL CORRELATION

During the research the diabetes data base is collected from UCI machine learning repository for testing. This trial and error is done with the help of a linear regression model. The predicted measurement of glucose concentration is correlated by the followingequations.

y1  = b1(1) + b1(2)*x1................................................................................................ (i)

y2  = b2(1) + b2(2)*x2.............................................................................................. (ii)

y3  = b3(1) + b3(2)*x3............................................................................................. (iii)

ya = [y1  + (0.9999*y2) + (0.9795*y3)] / (1+0.9999+0.9795)  ….(iv)

Where,

x1= density kg/m3 - (Input Parameter)

x2= pressure generated by BT (Pa) - (Input Parameter)

x3= Absorption (AU) - (Input Parameter) and b1, b2, b3 are the arrived coefficients

Here 38 samples are taken into consideration for trial and error calibration. The expected output value is represented as y1, y2, y3 and ya. Linear regression is collectively done by relating individual input parameter and output parameter as detailed in Figures 2(a) – 2(d). Finally, the weighted average prediction is also done for the correlation. By comparing the observed value, the linear regression predicted the optimal glucose concentration (mg/dl) with 0.9794 R-Square value. Table 3 elaborates on input and output parameters used for the regression analysis.

From the prediction process from figure 2, it was observed that Density to Glucose Concentration result with 100% best fitting, Pressure to Glucose Concentration result with 99.99% best fitting, Absorption to Glucose Concentration result with 97.95% best fitting and Weighted Average to Glucose Concentration result with 99.8% best fitting. These direct correlations are very much useful to create a new product for monitoring blood glucose level continuously under non- invasive.

Figure 2: Correlation between Predicted and Observed Blood Glucose Concentration (a) Density Vs Glucose Concentration (b) Pressure Vs Glucose Concentration (c) Absorption Vs Glucose Concentration (d) Weighted Average Vs Glucose Concentration

CONCLUSION

A detailed report on diabetes with its impact, invasive glucose measurement strategies, appropriate traditional strategies followed in noninvasive glucose measurement and inventions about new approaches are presented. The research is still ongoing to find an alternative for finger pricking even after crossing a decade, to reach utmost accuracy and comfortability. Some useful and hopeful approaches are already made from the different research which enhances the possibility of achieving those products. Regression correlation is analyzed here to find the relationship between blood glucose concentrations with density, pressure and absorption. Precisely this will help to invent the portable noninvasive product at low cost as possible.

       Source of Funding: Nil

Conflict of interest: Nil

References:

1. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classi?cation of diabetes mellitus. Diab Car 2014; 37(1):81-90.

2. Shiel WC. Diabetes - What Should My Blood Sugar Levels Be? - Diabetes Mellitus, Type2 Diabetes, Type 1, and Metabolic Disorders Treatment and Medications on MedicineNet.com. Medicine Net 29th edn.2002.

3. Amaral YS. Current development in non-invasive glucose monitoring. Med Engg Phys 2008;30:541-549.

4. Moschou TS. Fluorescence glucose detection: advances toward the ideal in vivo biosensor. J Fluor 2004;14.

5. Badugu CR. A Glucose sensing contact lens: A new approach to non-invasive continuous physiological glucose monitoring. J Fluoresc 2003;13(5):134.

6. Eva TS. Accuracy of the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer and the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System During Hypoglycemia: Experience of the Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet). Diab Car 2004; 27(3): 722–726.

7. Liu R, Chen W, Gu X, Ruikang K, Xu WK. Chance Correlation in non-invasive glucose measurement using near-infrared spectroscopy. J Phys Appl Phys 2005; 38(15):304-314.

8. Christison GB, MacKenzie HA. Laser photoacoustic determination of physiological glucose concentrations in human whole blood. Med Biol Engg Comp 1993; 31:284-290.

9. MacKenzie AW, Hugh A. Advances in Photoacoustic Noninvasive Glucose Testing. Clin Chem 1999;45(9):99-104.

10. Waynant RW, Chenault VM. Overview of Non-Invasive Optical Glucose Monitoring Techniques. IEEE - The World's Largest Professional Association for the Advancement of Technology. 2011;01.

11. Wickramasingh RT. Current Problems and Potential Techniques in In Vivo Glucose Monitoring. J Fluor 2004;14.

12. March WF, Mueller A, Herbrechtsmeier P. Clinical trial of noninvasive contact lens glucose sensor. Diab Tech Ther 2004;6:782-789.

13. Smith JL. The Pursuit of Noninvasive Glucose: Hunting deceitful Turkey. 2006.

14. Khalil S. Non-invasive Photonic-Crystal Material for Sensing Glucose in Tears. Clin Chem 2004;50(12):201-205.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

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SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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