International Journal of Current Research and Review
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IJCRR - 13(1), January, 2021

Pages: 111-117

Date of Publication: 05-Jan-2021


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Herbal Treatment Modality for Management of Leukoplakia - A Systematic Review

Author: Rakhi Chandak, Vidya Lohe, Manoj Chandak, Rahul Bhowate, R.S. Sathawane, Romita Gaikwad, Dhiran Talatule, Runal Bansod, Pranali Thakare

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Studies, case series, clinical trials mentioning the treatment of leukoplakia with herbal modalities were included. Data are available on follow-ups of herbal treatment modalities for leukoplakia. 7 out of 10 studies were picked up for inclusion and were included in the systematic review. The effectiveness of various herbal treatment modalities for the management of leukoplakia was reviewed. With the help of abstracts and titles, the preliminary screening of the recovered studies was done. In studies whose results were found to be unclear, its corresponding full text was read. The studies where independently evaluated by authors and the results were discussed until a decision was made by a general agreement. 7 out of 10 studies were picked up for inclusion and were included in the systematic review. Several treatments exist for treating this \"potentially malignant lesions\" even including some surgical, as well as non-surgical treatment plans but the spectrum of herbal medicine surely, brings a new ray of hope. The most meritorious effect of herbal medicine is that it interacts with the specific chemical receptors within the body and has less side effect as compared to traditional medicines. Herbs are very good anti-oxidants, anti-bacterial agents, anti-inflammatory agents as well as good sedatives and anxiolytics hence play a very useful role in the treatment of oral diseases.

Keywords: Curcumin, Herbal, Leukoplakia, Malignant Disorder

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Diagnosing an oral white lesion is of great skill and challenge to the Oral Health Care practitioners mainly due to the varied appearances of the white lesions. Reactive lesions, various carcinomatous lesions as well as some dysplastic lesions may play in the field of making a differential diagnosis opposite these oral white lesions. Clinicians must take great efforts in deriving a final diagnosis and to prevent time delay in treating patients with some serious lesions.1

Classi?cation of oral white lesions consisting of red-white lesions, ulcerations, pigmentations and exophytic lesions.2 Oral white lesions such as “leukoplakia, lichen planus, and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia” have a great malignant potential of as high as 0.5–100% and these white lesions constitute only 5% of all the oral white lesions.3 Therefore, the appropriate clinical diagnostic approach of the white lesion is necessary to exclude the possibility of malignancy.1 Amongst all the white lesions, oral leukoplakia secures the topper place in being the most common “potential malignant disorder” which affects the oral cavity. The etiopathogenesis of “oral leukoplakia” involves two basis - first being oral leukoplakia due to tobacco consumption while the second being of idiopathic or unknown etiopathology.3

According to literature, “oral leukoplakia” is described as a white patch or lesion that cannot be clinically or histologically attributed as a definite lesion.4,5 The prevalence rate of oral leukoplakia among the general population is reported to be 2.6% and is most commonly seen above the age of 50 years with the male predilection however a few studies do report of having a female predilection too. Approximately 16% to 62% of oral squamous carcinomas occur as a successor to a pre-existing oral leukoplakia.

Several factors such as tobacco, alcohol, sanguinary, UV radiation, trauma, betel nut use, genetic predisposition and microorganisms are known to have a strong and significant relationship with leukoplakia.5-7 Clinically it appears as a non-scrapable, irreversible and slightly raised white patch on plaque having wrinkled, leathery to having dry “Cracked mud appearance.” The “homogenous type of leukoplakia” has well-defined margins, a regular, smooth whitish surface. The “non-homogenous type of leukoplakia” occurs in various forms like nodular or erythematous, ulcerated,

erosive or verrucous exophytic component. A type of leukoplakia called the “verrucous leukoplakia” has an elevated, proliferative or a corrugated surface while the nodular type of leukoplakia develops a small polypoid enlargement or a white rounded excrescences.4,7.

The histopathologic aspects of oral leukoplakia may vary from epithelial atrophy to hyperplasia to varying degrees of epithelial dysplasia.8,9,10. High-risk lesions of oral leukoplakia are situated on the floor of the mouth, soft palate and tongue while the low-risk lesions of oral leukoplakia are situated in other areas of the oral cavity. Annual malignant transformation rate of OL has an.1% to17% .11-14 Epithelial dysplastic changes should be assessed while planning for the treatment of oral leukoplakia.

In cases of moderate or severe dysplastic changes surgery would be a treatment of choice, however lesions with a low to moderate malignant risk may or may not be removed completely but factors such as location, size, smoking habits should be taken into consideration.

Oral leukoplakia can be treated conservatively. Minimal adverse effects to patients in cases of widespread oral leukoplakia, in medically compromised patients, convenient application not requiring frequent hospital visits and low cost are some of the advantages of non-surgical modalities.8,15 Therefore this systematic review deeply describes and analyses the published data and compares the effectiveness of various herbal treatment modalities for the management of leukoplakia.

METHODOLOGY

Primary Question Of Research

Which herbal treatment modality is the most fruitful in managing leukoplakia?

GOALS

  1. Scrutinizing the data and studies available on various herbal treatments for leukoplakia.

  2. Extracting the most efficacious herbal treatment options for leukoplakia.

METHODS

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion criteria

  1. Studies, case series, clinical trials mentioning the treatment of leukoplakia with herbal modalities.

  2. Data available on follow ups of herbal treatment modalities for leukoplakia.

  3. Published articles from January 2005 up to 31 December 2019 searched in Pubmed.

  4. English written literature was included. (Table 1)

Exclusion criteria

    1. Data available in some other linguistic forms

    2. In vitro studies, editorials, abstracts, letters, and historical reviews were excluded from the searches. (Table 1)

PICO from PICO

P – Participants: Leukoplakic participants or participants with dysplasia.

I - Intervention: Herbal treatment options.

C-Comparison between various herbal treatment options.

O - Outcomes: Decrease in the lesion size and severity of epithelial dysplasia.

Procedure

This systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines statement. All the studies were carefully chosen after reviewing all the abstracts and text as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria and are explained below. During the review process, none of the authors of the manuscript was contacted.

Search strategy

The search strategy commenced by conducting searches from PubMed / Medline, web of science and Scopus to collect and identify the studies published in English irrespective of the year of publication. Keywords such as oral leukoplakia and therapy, oral leukoplakia and herbal modality, curcumins in oral leukoplakia, oral leukoplakia and its management, oral and potentially malignant disorders were used.

RESULTS

With the help of abstracts and titles, the preliminary screening of the recovered studies was done. In studies whose results were found to be unclear, its corresponding full text was read. The studies where

independently evaluated by authors and the results were discussed until a decision was made by a general agreement. 7 out of 10 studies were picked up for inclusion and were included in the systematic review. All the details and results of the search strategy along with the efficacy of various herbal treatment modalities for the management of leukoplakia were summarised in Table 2.

DISCUSSION

Oral leukoplakia is one of the most important disorders of the oral cavity having great malignant potential. The two important etiological factors for oral leukoplakia is tobacco in smoking and smokeless form. Oral malignancy develops from “potentially malignant disorders”, so early and prompt diagnosis and treatment are required to resist their progression towards malignancy. Current non-surgical treatment modalities include cessation of tobacco chewing habit, retinoids and lycopene. Various authors have tried a variety of herbal medicines for treating oral disorders including premalignant disorders. The present study aims at analysing various herbal treatment modalities for the management of oral leukoplakia.1,2

Rai et al16 in 2010 conducted a study on 13 male patients and 12 female patients having oral leukoplakia, 11 male patients and 14 female patients having Oral Submucous Fibrosis and 13 female patients and 12 male patients having lichen planus along with 25 healthy participants who wear age between 17 years to 50 years. For the diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the oral cavity, all the Diagnostic test were thoroughly scrutinized. To ascertain the presence of systemic diseases a questionnaire-based Medical and Dental history was obtained from each subject along with the history of alcohol, smoking or drug consumption. A Caplet of 1 gm of curcumin containing curcumin (900 mg), desmethoxycurcumin (80 mg) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (20 mg ) was approved from “Sabinsa Corporation”.

Markers of oxidation like “malonaldehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), vitamin C and vitamin E” were measured in serum and saliva before the administration of curcumin, 1 week following the consumption of curcumin and once the precancerous lesions were cured clinically. It was found that the patients with “OL, oral submucous fibrosis & lichen planus” succeeding the administration of curcumin, the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG were found to be significantly decreased, while the levels of vitamin C and vitamin E were found to be increased in the saliva and serum. Statistically significant changes in the values were obtained post clinical cure of the disease and the p-value was found to be less than 0.05 (p<0.05). Hence, it was found that by increasing the levels of vitamin  C and vitamin E and preventing DNA damage and peroxidation of lipids, curcumin radiates its pre-cancer activities.

Behura et al. 17 in 2015 conducted a study by using a major polyphenol Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) mainly found in green tea possessing great antioxidant and chemo-preventive properties. This Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) showed very promising results11. In the present study, a total of 59 patients out of which 29 patients with oral leukoplakia were randomly asked to use mixed tea extract orally as well as topically. The oral lesions appeared to decrease in size in almost 40% of the treated patients which was also associated with a decrease in proliferation on histopathological examination after a 6-month trial.

Hazzah et al.18 in 2016 analysed qualitatively low dose curcumin based loaded mucoadhesive gel consisting of solid-lipid nanoparticle (CurSLN) for local application in the treatment of “oral precancerous lesions”. The Cur SLNs was formulated and then dispersed in a matrix of mucoadhesive gel for the application on the buccal mucosa. Using binary system a conventional mucoadhesive gel was adopted. Using chicken buccal mucosa the prepared gels were subjected to Vitro drug dialysis & ex-vivo permeation. A short clinical evaluation based on pain index and measurement of lesion size was carried out on 10 patients in a total of 10 patients who were suffering from OL. It was observed that the CurSLN loaded gel reflected good adhesion property. Hence it was concluded that using a low dose of Cur can be a promising option for treatment of precancerous lesions.

Singh et al.19 in 2017 analysed qualitatively, Calendula officinalis, the herbal medicines for the management of oral leukoplakia. She included 60 clinically and histopathologically confirmed case of homogenous leukoplakia based on the classification given by Warnakulasuriya S. et al. which randomly divided into two groups in which is each group consisted of 30 patients each. Group 1 patients were given C. Officinalis gel containing antioxidants 2 mg by weight, per gram of gel. Patients in Group II were dispensed lycopene gel containing lycopene antioxidant 2 mg by weight, per gram of gel.

The double-blinded protocol was followed; the therapy was followed up for the next 3 months. All the patients were examined in this study and all the 30 patients in C. Officinalis group showed a significant reduction in the size of the lesion. the size of the lesion within 1 month. The significant difference is obtained in group 1 imply that the extracts of C. Officinalis can efficiently be used in the treatment of oral leukoplakia.

Chhaparwal et al.20 in 2018 carried out the clinical trial by including patients diagnosed clinically as well as histopathologically as having oral leukoplakia. Subjects were given 2% tetrahydro curcuminoid (THC) gel (Sami Labs, Bengaluru) to apply on the affected sites in the oral cavity and keep it in the mouth for 30 min, 5 times daily for 12 weeks. They were prohibited for eating or drinking anything and gargling for 1 hour after applying the medication and returned for a follow-up once in 3 weeks or earlier in the event of any adverse reaction associated with the application of the medicament. Of the 8 patients, six patients within the age range of 40 to 70 years were males with a mean age of 56 years. All the patients reported a reduction of burning sensation within 3 weeks of starting treatment and were completely asymptomatic by the completion of the study. The size of the lesion during the period of follow-up appeared to be significantly reduced. Reduction in thickness of the lesion was found in six of eight patients. Histological improvement was seen in three patients after completion of treatment. However, there was no histological improvement in four patients, and one patient progressed to mild dysplasia from hyperkeratosis without dysplasia. It is concluded that THD when topically applied in gel form is remarkably effective in alleviating clinical symptoms. The remarkable histological improvement was seen in 3 of 8 patients.

Bhagat et al 21 in 2018 conducted a study by including 60 patients having oral leukoplakia after confirming the diagnosis clinically and histopathologically. Patients were divided into two groups, group A & B. Group A received placebo. Group B is given curcumin capsules for 3 months. Curcumin capsules were obtained from Himalaya, the trade name is Himalaya Haridra. Each capsule contains 400mg of curcumin. They are sealed in a plastic bottle containing 60 each. The patients selected for the study were instructed to take 1 capsule twice daily. The patients were recorded after every 15 days for their clinical evaluation and to collect the medications. All the patients signed informed consent before the study. The patient was kept on a 3-month treatment plan in which they were called upon after for every 15 days within 6 months follow-up period. A scoring system was used to evaluate severe clinical signs and symptoms. A decrease in the size of the lesion along with healing of the lesions was seen as a sign of significant improvement in group B patients. Hence, after a thorough inspection of the effect of curcumin, it can be suggested as a safe and effective medication for treating oral leukoplakia.

Kapoor et al. 22 in the year 2019 conducted a study which consisted of 60 patients who were grouped into three groups. Group A included 20 patients having oral leukoplakia. Group B consisted of 20 diagnosed with oral lichen planus and group C consisted of 20 patients with OSMF. Each subject answered a questionnaire for evaluating the prevalence of diseases, smoking, alcohol and drug history. Two main clinical variables mainly pain control and healing of lesions were used for evaluating the cure of “leukoplakia”, “lichen planus” and “OSMF”. For the measurement of pain, a pain analogue was used ranging from “0.5 (very mild) to 5 (severe pain)”. To check the healing, we measured the change in lesions size (five-point rating scale). For OSMF patients mouth opening was also taken into consideration. In Group C, a marked increase in the mouth opening was seen, while in groups A, B, and C a marked decrease in the size of lesions was evident. It was concluded that curcumin is a potent, safe and inexpensive modality for the management of PMDS.

Patel et al 23 in 2020 conducted a study on 60 patients. Out of 60 patients, successful completion of trial of 41 patients was done along with a proper follow-up. These 41 patients were then further divided into two groups randomly as the Study group (Group A) consisting of 21 participants who were administered “lycopene (6mg) + vitamin E(400 I.U) + selenium (200 mcg)” in two equally divided doses. This study made use of a product named “Lyc-O-Mato” soft gels, manufactured by “Mano Pharmaceuticals”, Chennai, India. The second was the Placebo group (Group B) consisting of 20 participants who were administered placebo capsules once a day. Before the treatment, once the clinical and histological findings were recorded, all the participants were then subjected to a thorough evaluation at a period of 15 days for 3 months regularly as active treatment and then once a month for another period of 3 months after the follow-up treatment. The investigation of clinical response was done using the bi-dimensional measurement of the lesions and with help of colour photography during each visit. It was seen that the union of “vitamin E and selenium with lycopene” was greatly efficient in improving the clinical and histological findings in the participants with “leukoplakia” and the result was significant statistically when compared to the placebo group. A reduction in the leukoplakic lesion/ keratosis was observed as a primary clinical finding, following a reduction in the lesion size and a pinkish hue of the mucosa. In lycopene receiving patients, a noteworthy histological response was noted and was identified by a reversal in the dysplastic changes.

The oral mucosa displays varied appearances, some personal habits being one of the etiological factors.24 Excessive tobacco and alcohol consumption can result in irreversible, irreplaceable and an irreparable genetic injury. Hence it’s very important to introspect these early potentially malignant disorders like oral leukoplakia before they start turning into malignancy as the human body tries to eliminate these cells which have got altered by these mechanisms but in case it fails or no longer can suppress their replication then the possibility of development of squamous cell carcinoma develops.24 It’s a belief that excessive tobacco consumption produces carcinogens which induce liberation of reactive species & free radicals of oxygen. These, in turn, are responsible for an increased oxidation or peroxidation rate of the polyunsaturated fatty acids.25 Due to this peroxidation process there is the liberation of peroxide radicals. As a result of which the essential components of the cell membrane might get involved in carcinogenesis.25

Dysplastic changes of the oral epithelium are more likely to give rise to oral malignancies. Though it is found that 50% of the oral squamous cell carcinomas begin in apparently normal mucosa, there are some most widely accepted oral lesions with severe malignant potency, leukoplakia being one of them.26

Conclusion

In this systematic review, five in vivo studies showed that curcumin showed better results in the management of leukoplakia than green tea, calendula Officinalis gel and vitamin E and selenium with oral lycopene. One of the in-vivo studies compared all the herbal treatment modalities and showed that curcumin performed better in the management of leukoplakia. However, green tea and calendula Officinalis and a gel consisting of oral lycopene with vitamin E and selenium showed the same findings concerning the decrease in size of the leukoplakic lesion. One of the in-vitro and Vivo study stated that “curcumin solid– lipid nanoparticle loaded gels” showed good mucoadhesion property, a marked significant reduction in pain, and complete healing after 6 weeks of treatment was observed. The local use of a low dose Cur is a promising option in the treatment of leukoplakia than green tea, carotenoid, Calendula Officinalis extract gel and lycopene in oral leukoplakia. Reviewing all the studies, it can be concluded that “curcumin solid–lipid nanoparticle loaded gels” and tetrahydro curcuminoid is effective in the management of oral leukoplakia.

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One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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