International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 13(1), January, 2021

Pages: 56-58

Date of Publication: 05-Jan-2021


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Gender Difference in Ocular Pressures Among Prehypertensive Individuals

Author: Vinitha K R, Sudha B Sreenivas

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Background: Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) and reduced ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) are significant risk factors for glaucoma. It is important to study the factors which affect IOP and OPP, to prevent the development of glaucoma. Some of the factors include age, gender, systemic blood pressure, obesity etc. Though few studies have demonstrated the gender difference in IOP in normotensive individuals as well as in glaucoma patients, the results are inconsistent. It has also been proved that hypertension is more prevalent in males. Hence the present study was taken up to explore the gender difference in IOP levels among individuals with prehypertension, a predictor of hypertension in future.
Objective: To compare and evaluate the IOP and OPP values among males and females with prehypertension.
Methods: 100 voluntary participants with prehypertension (systolic blood pressure of 120\?139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 80\?89 mmHg) were recruited from the ophthalmology clinic in Mysuru in the age group of 20 - 50 years. They were categorised into two groups based on their gender. Written informed consent was taken. IOP and blood pressure were recorded using rebound tonometer and sphygmomanometer respectively. Results: Males had a significantly higher IOP in both the eyes when compared to their female counterparts. There was no difference in their OPP values.
Conclusion: Since elevated IOP is seen in males than females, IOP could be a leading indicator for early diagnosis of glaucoma in males.

Keywords: Intra Ocular Pressure, Ocular Perfusion Pressure, Prehypertension

Full Text:

Introduction

Glaucoma is one of the commonest causes of irreversible blindness globally. Asia alone accounts for almost 60% of the world's total glaucoma cases.1 India is estimated to become the second in the world with its increasing number of glaucoma cases.2 Of the numerous risk factors attributed to glaucoma, ocular pressures such as Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) are significant. IOP is the only proven treatable risk factor for glaucoma. Even in the absence of glaucoma, raised IOP is considered to be a cause of optic nerve damage.3 Hence it is essential to study the factors affecting IOP thus facilitating the prevention and early detection of glaucoma. Some of these factors include age, gender, race, ethnicity, genetic inheritance, systemic blood pressure, body mass index etc.4,5 Gender dissimilarity in general health exists in the literature but studies representing gender difference in IOP is not adequate.6,7

OPP is determined by IOP and blood pressure (BP). A positive correlation between BP and IOP was observed in hypertensive individuals.7 Prehypertension, which is a warning sign for hypertension, is defined as above-optimal systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 120–139 or  80–89 mmHg respectively. It includes elevated hypertension and stage I hypertension.8,9 Since prehypertension remains asymptomatic, its mechanical and vascular effects on ocular tissues is complex and poorly understood. Raised IOP levels were noted in prehypertensive individuals as well.10 It has been observed that young adult males have higher levels of blood pressure when compared to the females of same age group.11

Though few studies have demonstrated the gender difference in IOP in normotensive individuals as well as in glaucoma patients these results are inconsistent.12,13 Also, there is a lack of literature related to the gender difference in ocular pressures among prehypertensive -non-glaucomatous subjects. Hence the present study was taken up to compare and evaluate the IOP and OPP values among males and females with prehypertension.

Material and methods

100 voluntary participants with prehypertension (systolic blood pressure of 120–139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of 80–89 mmHg) were recruited from the ophthalmology clinic in Mysuru in the age group of 20 - 50 years after screening for BP. They were categorised into two groups based on their gender. Subjects with conjunctivitis, h/o hypertension and diabetes mellitus, h/o smoking and alcohol consumption were excluded. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained for this cross-sectional study (IEC letter no. JSS/MC/IEC/18/1957/2015-16). After explaining the details of the procedure, informed written consent was taken. Subjects were asked to rest for 15min following which basal IOP and BP were recorded in sitting position using SW-500 rebound tonometer (Tianjin Suowei Electronic Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China) and Sphygmomanometer respectively. All the recordings were done between 11 am and 1 pm to reduce the effects of diurnal variations on IOP.14

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and Mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) was calculated using the following formulas:

MAP = Diastolic BP +1/3 (Systolic BP- Diastolic BP)

MOPP = (2/3) MAP - IOP.14

Statistical Analysis

Data collected were entered in MS excel 2010 and analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistical measures like percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were applied. Inferential statistical tests like independent unpaired t-test were applied. Normality of all the variables was checked before applying the statistical tests. P-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

This study comprised of 100 prehypertensive individuals. They were further grouped based on their gender with 50 participants in each group. The mean age was 37.70±10.76yrs and 33.82±9.47yrs in males and females respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in their body mass index. In our study males had statistically significant high levels of IOP in both the eyes when compared to the female group. There was no significant difference in their BP and OPP values (Table 1).

Discussion

IOP plays a major role in glaucoma screening as it is a potential risk factor and its measurement is simple and -non-invasive. Early detection of elevated IOP can prevent the structural and functional damage to the optic nerve thus averting blindness. IOP is affected by multiple factors like age, gender, BMI, BP etc.

The present study aimed to analyse the gender difference in ocular pressures among prehypertensive individuals. It was observed that males had elevated IOP values when compared to females. However, there was no significant change in their BP and OPP values.15,16 

A similar finding of higher IOP levels in males were also noted in healthy North Indian, Korean and Japanese population.12,15,16 A study on glaucoma patients also revealed a similar trend in gender difference.13 This gender wise difference in IOP could be due to hormonal factors and environmental conditions. Contrary to our results, females had higher IOP levels when compared to males, in a study done on subjects who were above 40yrs of age.17 The probable mechanism for this reversal in gender difference in IOP could be due to changes in hormonal levels above 40yrs. Some studies reported no significant difference in IOP in both genders.4,18

Prehypertensive individuals have elevated levels of IOP when compared to normotensive subjects.10 Among the prehypertensive individuals, it was observed that females had comparatively lower IOP levels than males. Health risk factors like obesity, alcohol use, smoking, hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors which are known to be more prevalent in men could be associated with high ocular pressure in them.19,20 It is hypothesized that the physiological differences between the genders may be ascribed to the effects of sex hormones on IOP and ocular blood flow. The hormone oestrogen with its vasodilator action  affects aqueous humour outflow,  ciliary body and trabecular meshwork. This could be the cause of a comparative reduction of IOP in females.21,22 Lack of this protective effect in males probably makes them more susceptible to the potential risk of elevated IOP.  Prehypertension was found to be more prevalent in young males.23 Moreover the presence of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus along with hypertension can aggravate the complexity of the interplay between BP, IOP and OPP.24 Further longitudinal studies may reveal the exact causative factors and strengthen the association of gender differences with ocular pressures. 

Conclusion

Since  men had a significantly higher mean IOP levels than their female counterparts in our study, men could be at a higher risk of developing glaucoma due to raised IOP. Periodic screening of men for BP and IOP right from their younger age could facilitate early detection of risk factors of glaucoma. 

Acknowledgement: The authors thank the support rendered by Dr M R Sreenivas of Eye Care Clinic, Mysuru.

Conflict of interest: none

Source of funding: none

References:

1. Chan EW, Li X, Tham Y, Liao J, Wong TY, Aung T et al. Glaucoma in Asia: regional prevalence variations and future projections. Br J Ophthalmol 2016;100:78-85.

2. Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(3):262–267.

3. Yassin SA, Al-Tamimi ER. Age, gender and refractive error association with intraocular pressure in healthy Saudi participants: A cross-sectional study. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2016;30(1):44–48.

4. Ejimadu CS, Chinawa NE, Fiebai B. Age and Gender-Related Changes in Intraocular Pressure among Patients Attending a Peripheral Eye Clinic in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Austin J Clin Ophthalmol 2018;5(2):1092.

5. McMonnies CW. Glaucoma history and risk factors. J Optom 2017;10(2):71–8.

6. Azodo CC, Unamatokpa B. Gender difference in oral health perception and practices among Medical House Officers. Russian Open Med 2012;1:0208.

7. Farnaz M, Mei YL, Stanley PA, Varma R, Los Angeles Latino Eye Study Group. Associations with intraocular pressure in Latinos: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;146:69-76.

8. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR,  Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:1206 –52.

9. Whelton PK, Carey R, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Himmelfarb CD et al. Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. J Am Col Cardiol 2018; 71:19.

10. Sreenivas SB, Vinitha KR, Kulkarni P. A comparative study of intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure changes in prehypertensive individuals. Nat J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2018;8(10):1396-99.

11. Everett B, Zajacova A. Gender Differences in Hypertension and Hypertension Awareness Among Young Adults. Biodemography Soc Biol 2015;61(1):1–17.

12. Baisakhiya S, Singh S, Manjhi P.  Correlation between Age, Gender, Waist-Hip Ratio and Intra Ocular Pressure in Adult North Indian Population. J Clin Diagn Res 2016;10(12):CC05-08.

13. Osaiyuwu AB, Edokpa GD, Egharevba R. Gender difference in intraocular pressure among patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in Benin City, Nigeria. International J Curr Res Life Sci 2018;7(06):2341-43.

14. Robert NW, James DB, David GH, Felipe M. Intraocular pressure Consensus, series 4. Netherlands: Kugler publications;2007.

15. Lee JS, Choi YR, Lee JE, Choi HY, Lee SH, Oum BS. Relationship between intraocular pressure and systemic health parameters in a Korean population. Korean J Ophthalmology. 2002;16:13-19.

16. Shiose Y. Intraocular pressure new perspectives. Surv Ophthalmol 1990;34(6):413-35.

17. Jeelani M, Taklikar RH, Taklikar A, Itagi V, Bennal AS. Variation of intraocular pressure with age and gender. Nat J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2014;4:57-60.

18. Hashemi H, Kashi AH, Fotouhi A, Mohammad K. Distribution of intraocular pressure in healthy Iranian individuals: the Tehran Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2005;89(6):652-7.

19. Memarzadeh F, Ying-Lai M, Chung J, Azen SP, Varma R. Blood pressure, perfusion pressure, and open-angle glaucoma: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:2872–77.

20. Hoehn R, Mirshahi A, Hoffmann EM. Distribution of intraocular pressure and its association with ocular features and cardiovascular risk factors: The Gutenberg Health Study. Ophthalmology 2013;120:961–8.

21. Patel P, Harris A, Toris C, Tobe LLang M, Belamkar A, et al. Effects of Sex Hormones on Ocular Blood Flow and Intraocular Pressure in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma: A Review. J Glaucoma 2018;27(12):1037?41.

22. Gupta PD, Johar K, Sr Nagpal K, Vasavada AR. Sex hormone receptors in the human eye. Surv Ophthalmol 2005;50:274–84.

23.  Nasta AM, Raghuwanshi SR, Churiwala JJ. Study of hypertension in youth and its contributory factors - across-sectional study of 600 subjects. Int J Curr Res Rev 2015;7(11):44-9.

24. Ergasheva Z, Sherzodbek B, Jurabaev B, Turgunov M, Akhmatokhunova M.Study of Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with Arterial Hypertension after Combined Hypotensive Therapy of Enalapril with Moxonidine. Int J Curr Res Rev 2020;12(16):139-144.

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Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
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A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
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A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
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A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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