IJCRR - 11(12), June, 2019
Pages: 25-28
Date of Publication: 19-Jun-2019
Print Article
Download XML Download PDF
Character Association Studies on Yield and Attributing Traits of Fifty-two Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Genotypes
Author: Ghosh Sanhita, Roy Anindita, Kundagrami Sabyasachi
Category: Life Sciences
Abstract:Aim: Mungbean is one of the most important pulse crops due to the high content of protein as well as the ability to nitrogen fixation in soil. Seed yield is the most complex trait which highly influenced by other traits and also the environment. In this view, the study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between yield and yield attributing traits.
Methodology: In the present study, fifty-two mungbean genotypes were evaluated at the experimental farm of the University of Calcutta, Baruipur, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal in the three different years of 2015-2017. The data of eight yield and yield attributing traits (pooled over years) were calculated through the SPAR software, version 2.0.
Results: The association study revealed that branches plant-1, pods plant-1 and pod length were exhibited as the most yield contributing traits.
Conclusion: Selection based on traits namely branches plant-1, pods plant-1 and pod length would be helpful for future mungbean yield improvement program.
Keywords: Mungbean, Yield, Association, Correlation, Path
Full Text:
Introduction
Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek] is the one of short duration important legume crop which grown under the tropical and sub-tropical region of Asia, America. It is the third most important pulse crop to the Indian subcontinent.The plant roots of mungbean can fix atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. That is why this crop valuable for both economically and nutritionally because it can improve soil quality and reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer required in the soil when grown in rotation with cereals, thereby increasing cereal grain and straw yields due to its residual effects (Perera et al. 2017). It is playing an important role to increase the quantity of food and constitutes a noteworthy part of human diet for all segments of individuals where it providing the vast majority of the proteins or in adjusting the deficiencies of the cereal proteins in vegetarian population (Rehman et al. 2009). But the productivity of mungbean is less increased compare to other pulse crop where it is grown up to four times into the kharif, pre-kharif and rabi seasons. Yield is a complex trait dependent on various constituent traits (Tabasum et al. 2010). Knowledge of the relationship between yield and yield contributing traits is necessary for any selection program which provides information regarding on the nature and magnitude of the association between any two pairs of these metric agro-morphological traits (Ofga and Petros 2017). The correlation analysis showed the relationship between two or more series of variables where direct and indirect effects of path coefficient analysis split correlation variables and visualized the relationship in a more meaningful way(Rahim et al. 2010).
Keeping in view of these facts, the present study was conducted to evaluate the association between seed yield and its attributing traits.
Materials and Method
In the present study, fifty-two mungbean genotypes were evaluated at Experimental Farm of University of Calcutta, Baruipur, South 24 Parganas West Bengal during the period of mid-March to end May in the year of 2015, 2016 and 2017. The experiment was laid out in a Random Block Design (RBD) using three replications with experimental plot and cultural practices were performed according to Park(1978). Data were collected on five randomly selected healthy harvested plants from each replication and each genotype. The pre and post harvesting observations were recorded from five randomly selected plants from each replication on different parameters such as plant height (PH), branches plant-1 (BPP), pods plant-1 (PPP), pod length(PL), seeds pod-1 (SPP), 100 seed weight(HSW), harvest index(HI) and seed yield plant-1 (SYPP) and these traits were determined according to Moussa et al. (2000). Pods of each plant were kept separately in envelop and dried. Path coefficient analysis was done according to Dewey and Lu (1959).
Statistical Analysis:
Thecorrelation and path coefficient analysis (pooled over years) of yield and yield-related traits were calculated using the software SPAR version 2.0.
Results:
Association Studies:
Correlation Analysis (Genotypic and Phenotypic):
Perusal data have been shown genotypic correlation greater than phenotypic correlation in Table 1. Seed yield per plant was possessed that genotypic and phenotypic correlation exhibited significantly positive with number of pods plant-1 (0.665, 0.578 respectively) at P>0.01 where number of seeds pod-1 (0.261) showed significant positive correlation only in genotypic level at P>0.05. The branches plant-1 and pod length were showed significant positive correlation in genotypic level (0.387, 0.346 respectively) at P>0.01 and in phenotypic level (0.256, 0.245 respectively) at P>0.05.In the genotypic and phenotypic correlation, higher significant positive interrelationship was observed between the number of seeds pod-1 with 100 seed weight (0.693, 0.616 respectively), branches plant-1 with pods plant-1 (0.417, 0.301 respectively), pods plant-1 with harvest index (0.406, 0.392 respectively).
Path Coefficient Analysis:
The path coefficient analysis (pooled over years) is shown in Table 2. The path coefficient analysis exhibited that pods plant-1 (0.717) have been excreted maximum positive direct effect on seed yield plant-1 followed by pod length (0.405) and the number of seeds pod-1 (0.241), number of branches plant-1 (0.188) where plant height (0.048) showed minimum positive direct effect on seed yield through 100 seed weight (0.071), harvest index (0.85). Here, branches plant-1 have been exhibited a positive direct effect on seed yield plant-1 through the highest positive pods plant-1 (0.299) among the other traits. Pods plant-1 have been showed the maximum negative indirect effect on seeds pod-1 (- 0.211) through pod length (- 0.177).
Discussions:
Correlation Analysis (Genotypic and Phenotypic):
In the present study, assessment of genotypic correlation between different characters has been exhibited close parallelism with their corresponding phenotypic correlation.The genotypic correlationwashigher in magnitude than the analogous correlation at the phenotypic level. Singh and Bains (2014), Ofga and Petros (2017), Narasimhulu et al. (2013), Srivastava et al. (2012) agreed with the present findings. It is demonstrated that vigorous intrinsic relationship could be remotely marked at a phenotypic level due to environmental influences to alter the degree of association among all the traits (Singh and Bains, 2014). Pods plant-1 is exhibited as a most important yield attributing traits due to the higher significant positive correlation at both levels. Branches plant-1 also showed a significant positive correlation with seed yield plant-1 and suggested that it could be increased the seed yield plant-1 through increased the pods plant-1. The traits with significant positive associated have been demonstrated a constituent collaboration in a gene modeling where one trait will give impact on another trait through conditional consistency (Ofga and Petros, 2017). The present results have collaborated with previous results reported by Alom et al. (2014), Khajudpar et al. (2011), Singh and Kumar(2014). In the higher interrelationship between pods, plant-1 and harvest index have been suggested a healthy plant provided maximum seed yield. On the other hand, the interrelationship between branches plant-1 and pods plant-1 have been clearly indicated that more branches would deliver more pods plant-1 which could finally enhance the seed yield plant-1. From this present study, it has been conceivable to realize that the genetic up gradation in one trait depended on the other pair.
Path Coefficient Analysis:
Every component has two sections of activity (i) the straight impact (direct effect) and (ii) roundabout impacts (indirect effect) along with the constituent traits which are not exhibited from the correlation studies. In the present study, yield and yield attributing traits have been exhibited as genotypic path due to the genotype correlation higher than phenotypic correlation.Correlation and path coefficient analysis were varied according to both genetic differences (genotypes) and environmental factors (Khajudpar et al. 2011).The direct effect of any character on seed yield per plant has been giving an idea regarding the successful traits determination while the indirect effect demonstrates the interrelationship between constituent traits towards yield contribution (Kumar et al. 2013). In this study, genotypic path analysis has been representing cause and effect relationships among quantitative traits and seed yield per plant. Since pods, plant-1 and pod length have been indicated high direct impacts could be considered for direct selection for high seed yield in contrast with the rest of the other traits which are valuable in indirect selection towards yield. The present results have been agreed with the previous result reported by Khajudpar et al. (2011), Srivastava and Singh (2012) for pods plant-1 and seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight, Ambachew et al. (2015) for 100 seed weight and Singh et al. (2009) for plant height. Residual effects measure the role of other possible independent variables. The result of residual effect (0.18) revealed that the variables studied in the present investigation explained 82% of the variability in the yield and the other attributes besides the traits have been studied to contribute for seed yield per plant (Srivastava and Singh, 2012). It suggested that maximal emphasis should be given on pods plant-1, branches plant-1 and pod length was the most important yield contributing traits. Thus, the selection based on these traits would give better response for the improvement of yield in mungbean genotypes.
Conclusion:
The present study has been suggested that maximal emphasis should be given on pods plant-1, branches plant-1 and pod length because they are the most important yield contributing traits. Finally, it concluded that the selection of genotypes based on these traits could be exploited for a future breeding program to improve the mungbean yield.
Acknowledgment:
Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grate to authors/editors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.
Sources of Funding: ‘Non-NET Fellowship’ from University Grant Commission (UGC).
Conflict of Interest: Authors have no conflict of interest.
References:
-
Alom, K. M. M., Rashid, M. H and Biswas, M. Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L). J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources. 2014; 7(1): 131–138.
-
Ambachew, D., Mekbib, F., Asfaw, A., Beebe, E.S., and Blair, W.M. Trait associations in common bean genotypes grown under drought stress and field infestation by BSM bean fly. The Crop Journal. 2015; 3:305 – 316.
-
Dewey, R. D. and Lu, K. H. A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components of crested wheat grass seed production. Journal of Agronomy. 1959; 51: 515-518.
-
Khajudpar, P. and Tantasawat, P. Relationships and variability of agronomic and physiological characters in mungbean. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2011; 10(49): 9992-10000.
-
Moussa, E. H., Millan, T., Moreno, M. T., and Gil, J. Genetic analysis of seed size, plant height, day to flower and seed per plant by using both morphological and molecular markers in chickpea. Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2000; 54:101-107.
-
Narasimhulu, R., Naidu, N. V., Shanthi, P. M., Rajarajeswari, V. and Reddy, K.H.P. Genetic variability and association studies for yield attributes in mungbean. Indian J. Plant. Sci. 2013; 2(3): 82-88.
-
Ofga, B. and Petros, Y. Genetic variability and association among agronomic characters in selected Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes at Bale Zone, Sinana Research Center, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. International Journal of Genetics and Genomics. 2017; 5(6): 63-75.
-
Park, H.G. Suggested Cultural Practices for Mungbean (Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center, Taiwan: Tainan).1978.
-
Perera, U.I.P., Chandika, K.K.J. and Ratnasekera, D. Genetic variation, character association and evaluation of mungbean genotypes for agronomic and yield components. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka. 2017; 45 (4):347 – 353.
-
Rahim, M. A., Mia, A. A., Mahmud, F., Zeba, N. and Afrin, K. S. Genetic variability, character association and genetic divergence in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). P. O. J. 2010; 3: 1-6.
-
Rehman, A., Khalil, S.K., Nigar, S., Rehman, S., Haq, I., Akhtar, S., Khan, A.Z., Shah, S. R. Phenology, plant height and yield of mungbean varieties in response to planting date. Sarhad J. Agric. 2009; 25(2): 147-152.
-
Singh, B., and Bains, T.S. Effective selection criteria for yield improvement in interspecific derivatives of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Indian journal of applied research. 2014;4(11):1-3.
-
Singh, J., and Kumar, P. The interrelationship of various traits with seed yield in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding. 2014; 5(4): 869 -874.
-
Srivastava, R. L. and Singh, G. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Indian Journal of Life Sciences. 2012; 2: 61-65.
-
Tabasum, A., Saleem, M., Aziz, I. Genetic variability, trait association and path analysis of yield and yield components in mungbean (Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek). Pak. J. Bot. 2010; 42: 3915-3924.
|