IJCRR

IJCRR - 10(4), February, 2018

Pages: 46-54

Date of Publication: 17-Feb-2018

Aquatic Phyto-Biodiversity of Bargi Dam Catchment Area at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh: An Appraisal

Author: Dharmendra Kumar Parte, S. D. Upadhyaya, R. P. Mishra, C. P. Rahangdale, Sajad Ahmad Mir, Anu Mishra

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Aim: The study was conducted on Bargi Dam catchment area at Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh with the objective of Determining \"The Aquatic species Floristic Composition Diversity and the Vegetation Structure of the Aquatic Plants Communities in the Bargi Dam Catchment Area\".
Methodology: Random sampling method was used to collect the vegetation data according to 36 plots of per quadrates 10m x10m size.
Results: A total of 119 species belonging to 79 genera and 39 families were recorded during the survey in which emergent 61%, marshy land 21%, free floating 9%, rooted floating 1%, submerged 8% aquatic plants were identified from the Bargi Dam catchment area.

Keywords: Wetland, Catchment, Floristic composition, Aquatic plants

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

            Aquatic ecosystems play an important role in human life. The aquatic reservoirs, tanks, dams, and ponds are used mostly for  fishing, agriculture, irrigation, and other domestic purposes. Ponds are playing a very good role in rain harvesting, storage of water and regulation of ground water level. Wetland is among the most productive ecosystems in the world¹². Several works have been done on the aquatic macrophytes and phytosociology in different freshwater bodies of India Biswas⁸ Subramanyam (1962). And Bhat, and Yousuf, (2007) , Billore and Vyas (1981), Mishra (1974), Unni,(1971), Dhote,(2007), Siraj et al  (2011), Maheshwari,(1960) , Choudhary and Upadhyay (2009) and Anand et al.,(2012), undertook the taxonomic study of aquatic Plants ecosystems.

In India the first comprehensive work on the wetland flora was produced by Biswas and Calder, (1984). Aquatic plants are key components for the well-functioning of wetland ecosystem for biological productivity, supporting diverse community of ecosystem by providing lots of goods and services.

STUDY AREA

The entire study area around Bargi Dam (22⁰44’7.5” to 22⁰58’58.35” N latitude and 79⁰53’52” E to 80⁰7’13”) is spread to about 279.23 sq km along the Bargi Dam Catchment area Bargi to Chutka on both sides, covering three districts of Madhya Pradesh State i.e. Jabalpur, Mandla and Seoni, Fig.1 Total six range via Ghansour, Sikara, Bargi, Barela, Bijadandi, and Kalpi were surveyed for  Aquatic plants species and identification. Range wise altitudinal variation is given in Table-1. Such a variation in the altitude of study area provides a wide diversity of landscape and aquatic habitat.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In The present study consisted of the monthly field observations, collection and identification of the different plant species accruing in Bargi Dam catchment area from 2014-2017. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of aquatic plants, and documentation were done following the methodology of Mishra (1974).The collected specimens were pressed and herbarium were prepared following Jain and Rao, (1977). All specimens were deposited in the department of Plant Physiology J.N.K.V.V. Jabalpur The aquatic plants identification and nomenclature of the plants species were done in this paper  based on available floras (The flora of Madhya Pradesh (Auther) and “Aquatic and wetland Plants of India” (Cooke,1901-1908).

CALCULATIONS WERE DONE USING FOLLOWING FORMULAE.

                                               Total number of individuals of the species

 Density (D)        =      ----------------------------------------------------

                                      Total number of quadrats studied  

                                     Total number of quadrats in which species has occurred

Frequency (F)   =         --------------------------------------------------------------------------    X 100

                                     Total number of quadrats studied   

                                     Total number of individuals of the species            

Abundance         =    ------------------------------------------------------------------

                                    Total number of quadrats in which the species occurs            

                                             No. of individuals of the species

Relative Density     =    ------------------------------------------------    X 100

                                         Total no. of individuals of all species     

                                         No. of quadrats of occurrence of the individual species

Relative Frequency = --------------------------------------------------------------------- X 100                                                                

                                         Total no. of quadrats of occurrence of all species  

                                        Total abundance of individuals species

Relative Abundance =   ----------------------------------------------------  X 100

                                                Total abundance of all species      

 (IVI) I Importance Value Index = Relative Density + Relative Frequency + Relative Abundance SIMPSON'S DIVERSITY INDICES

The term 'Simpson's Diversity Index' can actually refer to any one of 3 closely related indices.

Simpson's Index (D) measures the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a sample will belong to the same species (or some category other than species). There are two versions of the formula for calculating D. Either is acceptable, but be consistent.

 where,        

                n = the total number of organisms of a particular species
           N = the total number of organisms of all species 

DISCUSSION

In this study, a total of 119 species, including Submerged, rooted floating, marshy land, free floating, and emergent aquatic plants, were recorded, (Fig.2)

Core Zone-1 - Overall diversity based on IVI in core zone was 300.00, and top ten species which have high IVI in core zone comprised of Vallisneria spiralis (6.31). Typha anguistata Bory and Chaub. (5.48), Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb (5.54), Spilanthus ciliata H.B.K (5.26). Glossostigma diandra(L.) K, (5.00). Striga angustifolia (D.Don.) S.(4.75). Azolla filiculoides (4.57) Paspalidium punctatus (Burm.f.) (4.56) .And Rumex  dentatus L. sp. Klotzschianus (Meisn.) Rchb , (4.56) , Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl. (4.37). Table-01

Buffer Zone II - Overall diversity based on IVI in Buffer-1 zone  was 193.49 and top ten species having high IVI  diversity in Buffer-01 zone were Cyperus exalatus Retz (6.45). Vallisneria spiralis (6.43), Ammania auriculata Willd (4.68), Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb (4.55). Cyperus pumilus L.(4.46). Ammania baccifera L.(4.08), Ceratophyllum demersum L. (4.07), Rotala serpillifolia (Roth.)Bremeck (3.92), Eleocharis atropurpurea  (Retz.) J.(3.92), Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth (3.78). Table-02

Buffer Zone III - Overall diversity (IVI) in Buffer-02 zone was 104.92 and  top ten species with high IVI in this zone were  Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. (5.30). Eriocaulon duthiei Hook  (4.87). Ischaemum rugosum Salisb (4.60) Aeschynomene indica L. (3.95).  Cyperus digitatus Roxb. (3.95),  Spilanthus ciliata H.B.K. (3.92), Ammania auriculata Willd (3.70), Typha anguistata Bory and Chaub (3.65). Marsilea quadrifolia L (3.53).and  Cyperus exalatus Retz. (3.53) table no.01,02, and 03. Table-03

Conclusion

This study provides the comprehensive knowledge about the plant genera isolated from the studied region, my research also help the researchers to know about the valuable species that were documented as per the rules of plant nomenclature.  A total of 119 species belonging to 79 genera and 39 families were recorded during the survey in which emergent 61%, marshy land 21%, free floating 9%, rooted floating 1%, submerged 8% aquatic plants were identified from the Bargi Dam catchment area.

Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

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