International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 10(4), February, 2018

Pages: 25-28

Date of Publication: 17-Feb-2018


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Correlation of High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Carotid Intimal Medial Thickness in Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Author: Virendra Atam, Arpit Gupta, Sciddarth Koonwar, Manoj Kumar, Isha Atam

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Background: Stroke is defined as an acute neurological deficit lasting more than 24 hours and caused by cerebrovascular etiology. It is further subdivided into ischemic stroke (caused by vascular occlusion or stenosis) and hemorrhagic stroke (caused by vascular rupture, resulting in intra parenchymal and/or subarachnoid hemorrhage).
Aim: Our study was designed to study the levels of High sensitivity C reactive protein (HsCRP), which is a marker for chronic inflammation, in patients with ischemic stroke due to large vessel atherosclerosis and correlate it with carotid intimal medial thickness.
Methodology: This study was done in Department of Medicine and Department of neurology in KGMU, Lucknow, between August 2016 to July 2017, and 100 patients with ischemic stroke presenting within 72 hours of onset, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. HsCRP was evaluated and CIMT was subsequently measured.
Result: HsCRP is significantly increased in patients with ischemic stroke. The carotid intimal medial thickness which is a proven marker for large artery atherosclerosis is also increased in patients with ischemic stroke and it is also significantly correlated with the levels of HsCRP. The levels of HsCRP is elevated more in patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension.
Conclusion: HsCRP levels are increased in patients of ischemic stroke suggesting that it could be used as a marker for the prediction of the ischemic stroke when combined with CIMT, together these two could predict the ischemic stroke.

Keywords: High sensitivity C reactive protein, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Carotid artery, Ischemic stroke

DOI: 10.7324/IJCRR.2018.1045

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Stroke is defined as an acute neurological deficit lasting more than 24 hours and caused by cerebrovascular etiology. It is further subdivided into ischemic stroke (caused by vascular occlusion or stenosis) and hemorrhagic stroke (caused by vascular rupture, resulting in intra parenchymal and/or subarachnoid hemorrhage).[1]

Progressive atheromatous plaque in the carotid artery usually at the bifurcation results in gradual narrowing of the carotid artery. This process can be symptomatic but may lead to ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack from embolization, thrombosis, orhemodynamic compromise. To measure the extent of atherosclerotic disease we measure Carotid Intimal medial thickness, which is a proven marker for the atherosclerotic large vessel disease.

High sensitivity C reactive protein is a marker of inflammation has gained importance in the recent times as a pro-inflammatory marker. Various studies have shown that HsCRP could be used as an early marker of atherosclerosis. [2]

MATERIALS AND METHODS

 Our study was designed to study the levels of High sensitivity C reactive protein (HsCRP), in patients with ischemic stroke due to large vessel atherosclerosis and correlate it with carotid intimal medial thickness. This study was done in Department of Medicine and Department of neurology in KGMU, Lucknow. This study was conducted in between August 2016 to July 2017, and 100 patients with ischemic stroke presenting within 72 hours of onset, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

 A standardized questionnaire was given that includes Name, Age, Sex or any family h/o diabetes or hypertension. Any concurrent history of hypertension, thyroid, or Diabetes mellitus was asked. All participants were asked to give informed written consent after explaining the study. The study was approved by the Ethical committee, KGMU, Lucknow. After making the diagnosis of ischemic stroke the patients were subjected to blood investigations for which approximately 5 ml venous blood sample was drawn and HsCRP levels were analyzed in those samples along with complete blood picture, S. Urea, S creatinine. Along with that if the patient wasn’t in the fasting state, then sample for fasting lipid profile was also drawn after 8 hours of fasting.

RESULTS

Statistical analysis was done by the mean, median, standard deviation and Student t-test and the significance was analyzed by the "p-value".

The mean age of the study population was 60.98±7.35. The Male-female ratio was 2.81.

 

The mean values of HsCRP and CIMT were increased in patients with ischemic stroke and are significantly correlated with each other. The factors which are not significant are Hb and HDL.

DISCUSSION

HsCRP which is a marker of chronic inflammation is significantly increased in patients with ischemic stroke. The carotid intimal medial thickness which is a proven marker for large artery atherosclerosis is also increased in patients with ischemic stroke and it is also significantly correlated with the levels of HsCRP. The levels of HsCRP is elevated more in patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. As compared to the levels in patients without hypertension or diabetes mellitus, the patients having both or either one of them has increased levels. Moreover, the patients having uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus i.e. HbA1C > 9.0 are having even more levels. The levels of HsCRP are not significantly correlated with HDL and Hb.

 The results were in concordance with the following studies, Dibyaratna Patgiri1 et al [3] hsCRP is an acute phase reactant whose concentration rises in stroke as well as in those at risk. The rise may be identified even before the appearance of risk factors. Hence, hsCRP may be useful as a predictive and diagnostic marker in stroke. Liu et al [4]. We found that higher hs-CRP concentrations were associated with a higher risk of IS, particularly for non-fatal stroke, male and hypertensive subjects. In contrast, we did not observe significant associations between hs-CRP and ICH/ SAH

CONCLUSION

HsCRP levels are increased in patientswith ischemic stroke suggesting that it could be used as a marker for the prediction of the ischemic stroke when combined with CIMT, together these two could predict the ischemic stroke. As we had a small sample size, more studies need to be done to predict the role of HsCRP as a marker of ischemic stroke.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors/ editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

SOURCE OF FUNDING:         NIL

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:      NIL

References:

  1. Amarenco P, Lavallée PC, Labreuche J, et al. One-year risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1533-1542
  2. Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993;24:35-41.
  3. Patgiri D. Serum hsCRP: A Novel Marker for Prediction of Cerebrovascular Accidents (Stroke). JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. 2014
  4. Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang L, Wang C, Wu J, Zhou Y et al. Relationship between C - Reactive Protein and Stroke: A Large Prospective Community Based Study. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(9):e107017.

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Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

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A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
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A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
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A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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