International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 4(17), September, 2012

Pages: 133-140

Date of Publication: 14-Sep-2012


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OCCUPATIONAL AWARENESS OF RURAL WOMEN WORKERS IN HEN POULTRY FARM, COIMBATORE DISTRICT, SOUTH INDIA

Author: Sharmila Banu A, Gunasekaran C, SelvaKumar V, Mohana P, Kandappan , K, Elanchezhian M

Category: General Sciences

Abstract:Frequently the rural area women?s are first-rate the preference to poultry works. Especially women?s are the
majority to work on this field. Rural areas are mainly depends on the women incomes. The present research focus to
scrutiny the occupational awareness in hen poultry farm, in specific reference to faecal cleaners of women workers.
The foremost objective of the research is to bestow the awareness about work place and mould with them health and
safety decisive factor. The calculation is done by percentage (%) intensity and chi-square test. The recommendations
in addition discuss among women workers.

Keywords: occupational awareness, rural, hen faecal cleaning women, livelihood, percentage and chi-square test.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Even though they are home makers, but they are forced to work for their family. This is help to their children future and they have a thought about empowerment development. The women are the backbone of agricultural workforce but worldwide her hard work has mostly been un paid. She does the most tedious and back-breaking tasks in agriculture, animal husbandry and homes (DARE/ICAR ANNUAL REPORT 2003–2004). The choice of occupation is traditionally (Penny Kane) or time being taken to commencing of rural women?s and they have the poor dexterity of occupation effects. Thus, the rural women?s are randomly selects the hen poultry farm. In particularly, we have one question: Why, the research is to selects the poultry farm and especially in women workers. Because, POULTRY is by far the largest livestock group and is estimated to be about 14 000 million, consisting mainly of chickens, ducks and turkeys (FAO 1999).One third of the world is moving only the food of chicken. Women are the back fillet of the whole lot in family. She have to work for all the relationships like Mother, Daughter, Sister, Grand mother, worker in occupation etc. She didn?t feel difficulty with anything which comes from family or occupation. The bacterial count in poultry housing systems is high in comparison to those of pig and cattle. Little is known about the bacteria present in the poultry environment such as in poultry litter and air of poultry house (Saleh et al., 2003, Nasrin etal). Micro organisms like Bacteria, (USA Wrestling 2007-08) fungi-Small organisms that are found everywhere in the environment and on skin. Whereas their population is more high in pollutants and excrete area like animal faeces. These organisms move under the skin and start the problem to the humans. In poultry farm may cause the problems of infection disease respiratory problems and so on, these overwhelming effects to the worker when they have not any idea about basic occupational skill (safety manners). The possible negative effect of noise on reproduction is biologically plausible, as well as amenable to prevention (Irene Figà-Talamanca). So the research have in mind of these points of basic health problems and its root will be spread when the daily habits are not in following the proper comportment such as clean dress, wear the gloves and mask, and footwear. Since, these are the fundamental to hygienic working people. The present research asked the question about clean dress, wearing the gloves, mask, footwear?s and hand washing habits. These all done by direct interview method. This analysis is calculated by percentage (%) variation. Based on the results they urge.

METHODOLOGY
The research work was conducted on the rural women worker in hen poultry farm in Coimbatore District. After approval from Institutional Ethics Committee,(Kartik et al 2005) the research was on track with conquering an informed permission from the partaker of poultry farm. Totally 130 samples were selected for this research which included age group of Up to 25 with 29 samples (group I), 26-30 with 74 samples (group II), 31- 35with 19 sample (group III), 36 an above with 8 sample (group IV) and the study was conducted during the epoch 3rd -24th May 2012.The study was vigilance by direct interview method, we calculated the percentage of women?s worker awareness through the questionnaire include the 5 basic question, this also designed by the points of daily activity such as clean dress code, wearing gloves and mask , footwear then washing habit of hands, and the answers were corrected with options of 1.Yes, 2.No then this research was successfully completed by the percentage and chisquare test calculations. The Direct interview Questions are following A. Are they workers maintaining the dress code (a clean pair of working dress) to work place? B. Are they having the habit to wear footwear in work place? C. Are they wearing the disposable gloves? D. Are they use the mask at work place? E. Are they washing hands before drinking water? The standard optionally answers were assessed directly by the research team. Based on the options the findings were examined.






DISCUSSION
The present research was focused to identified the occupational awareness in rural area especially women workers in hen poultry farm. In the attendance the research encounter only the fecal cleaners. Why? The study concentrated to faecal cleaners because they were more infected through the excrete materials in poultry farm ,According to Mojtaba Yegani (2010)Zoonotic diseases are transmitted from animals to humans and include bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic diseases. Salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, chlamydiosis, tuberculosis, Newcastle Disease, and avian influenza are amongst the most common zoonotic diseases transmitted from poultry to humans. Poultry workers are at a greater risk of being affected by these diseases. This review also support to our research. Based on the results the age group of up to 25 was more aware worker than the rest of the age group. Why? The research team asked the question about clean dress means some worker have the habit to wear pair of dress for work time, some of the worker have the habit to wear clean dress in daily basis, but few of the workers used the dress for two day or three days. The table A. question only 12 samples answered and the percentage was 9.2%, High percentage was 90.8% found from 118 samples. Similar to the second question about the habit of foot wear, why? We had chosen this, because any time every minute whenever we want anything we used only our travel pack of legs, sometime we may go hospital for children or elders and reach our home without footwear means it can spread the growth of microbial diversity through work place. The table B shows in the percentage of 21.5 from 28 samples and high percentage from 102 samples. The third question asked about gloves, why? The research team set this kind because hands are the direct conduct to get the infection; through the use of hand they cleaned the fecal ooze material. This material has the quality to induce in the skin and cause diseases and hands are the machine for everything like eating, cooking, washing etc. without proper practice in the work place we may get the foundation of ill. So cleaning is the main factor of the above. The table C shows the percentage variation like start from 24 samples of 18.5 and the 81.5 percentage from 106 samples. It.s basic. It.s simple. The number one way to improve health in rural areas is not to provide clean water; that comes in third. It is much easier than that: teach people how to wash their hands (Mihelcic, 2003). Third world communities suffer greatly from preventable water borne diseases and from diseases spread through poor hygiene practices. By improving sanitation and environmental conditions in the communities and implementing an educational program of health and hygiene education appropriate for the community, the numbers of preventable deaths and illnesses have been shown to decrease (Panchita Paulete,2003). According to WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: dampness and mould, Exposure to microbial contaminants is clinically associated with respiratory symptoms, allergies, asthma and immunological reactions. The microbial indoor air pollutants of relevance to health are widely heterogeneous, ranging from pollen and spores of plants coming mainly from outdoors, to bacteria, fungi, algae and some protozoa emitted outdoors or indoors. They also include a wide variety of microbes and allergens that spread from person to person. There is strong evidence regarding the hazards posed by several biological agents that pollute indoor air; however, the WHO working group convened in October 2006 concluded that the individual species of microbes and other biological agents that are responsible for health effects cannot be identified. This is due to the fact that people are often exposed to multiple agents simultaneously, to complexities in accurately estimating exposure and to the large numbers of symptoms and health outcomes due to exposure. The exceptions include some common allergies, which can be attributed to specific agents, such as house-dust mites and pets. So, it?s our duty to be safe in work place and in environment, based on this statement the research team frames the question about wearing of mask at work place, this will help to control the respiratory problems. The table D showed the percentage of 58 samples 44.6 and 72 samples 55.4.Improved hygiene (hand washing) and sanitation (latrines) have more impact than drinking water quality on health outcomes, specifically reductions in diarrhea, parasitic infections, morbidity and mortality, and increases in child growth,.(Water, sanitation and hygiene, 2002).the research team included the question about washing hands before drinking water or any intervals based on the answered from the samples the finding were done. The table E shows the 35.4 percentage from 46 samples and 64.6 from 84 samples respectively. The chi-square test valuable were calculated by the factors of age and awareness, income and awareness, experience and awareness. The Pearson chisquare value was 14.75, Degrees of freedom was 3 and p value was .002(less than .05) these were the values of age and awareness. The income and awareness was Pearson chisquare value 20.155, degrees of freedom 3 and p value was .000(less than 0.05).The experience and awareness were Pearson value 0.817, the degrees of freedom was 2 and p value was 0.665.From the chi-square results the research find out that experience is not mould the person directly but some cases it can. Age is the factor this is have the ability to know that what we will do or what we didn?t. Because the research were not get the significance in experience where as the significance appear in age and income compared with awareness. Hygienic and health conscious to support our immune actions. The research questions such as wearing footwear, to avoid the microbial infection in legs and foot and the questions of gloves and mask were support to the workers from respiratory problems like sneezing, cough and cold. Washing hands and wearing clean dress are important to live good life. These are the basic questions arise from the research team and observed by direct interview method. This is the first stage in a process that helps empower members of a community. To assess their knowledge base, investigate the local environment, visualize a future scenario, analyze constraints on change, plan for change, and implement it,. (PHAST, 1998).Based on this review support, our research was analyzing the occupational environment on rural women workers in first stratum.

CONCLUSION
During the month of period the research was conducted on hen poultry with randomly selected 130 samples in various poultry farm. Whenever, we interview the women workers by directly that time on spot awareness created to them its shows visibly. After two or four hours the awareness was disappear. This is because of the care less and not giving the preference to health and long life. But awareness not only the source to protect them, apart from this self appraisal with awareness of each individual concentration is more important than the voice arise from the researcher. As a result we entitled the aphorism to their hearts that is REALIZE your work and know the REALITY of your occupation, THIS WILL REDUCE THE OCCUPATIONAL PROBLEMS of health.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank to God to have this opportunity to do something good to society especially women workers, Our sincere thanks to Dr.Sasikala, head and professor, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, with her support and encourage completing this work in smooth way. Gratitude to Institutional Human Ethical Committee of Bharathiar University for permit the research work. Our heart full thanks to poultry farm women workers for their patience and managing director, supervisor and last but not least Self Help Group members for their support in this field. Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

1.FAO 1999. Statistical database, www.fao.org. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Rome,Italy.Houghton, MI.

2.Irene Figà-Talamanca Occupational risk factors and reproductive health of women Department of Hygiene and Industrial Health, University of Rome „La Sapienza?, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy. e-mail: irene.figatalamanca@uniroma1.it

3.Jim Porter, USA Wrestling MRSA and other Infection Facts Making Wrestling Safer Guide to Recognition of Skin Infections james.porter@selectmedicalcorp.com

4.Kartik R Shah and Rajnarayan R Tiwari 2005, OCCUPATIONAL SKIN PROBLEMS IN CONSTRUCTION WORKERS Indian J Dermatol. 2010 Oct-Dec; 55(4): 348– 351.doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.74537

5.M.S. Nasrin, M.J. Islam, K.H.M.N.H. Nazir, K.A. Choudhury and M.T. Rahman1 Identification of bacteria and determination of their load in adult layer and its environment Dept. of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh J. Bangladesh Soc. Agric. Sci. Technol., 4(1 and 2): 69-72, 2007 ISSN 1811-6221

6.Mihelcic, Jim, Ph.D. Lecture. (13 March 2003).Michigan Technological University. Houghton, MI

7.Mojtaba Yegani, 08 Jul 2010 Prevention / Control Health hazards: Safety always comes first, University of Alberta, Canada

8.Panchita Paulete (May 2003), Practice and importance of combining health/hygiene and environmental education with water sanitation for sustainable health benefits in rural areas School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI

9.Penny Kane, Senior Associate, Editor WOMEN and OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, Issues and policy paper prepared for the GLOBAL COMMISSION ON WOMEN'S HEALTH The Office for Gender and Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia

10.PHAST Initiatives in East Africa. (1998). The World Bank. Presented at the Community Water Supply and Sanitation Conference,Washington, DC.http://www.wsp.org/english/focus/conference/ hyg_phast.pdf SOPAC WRU Strategies 

11.Saleh, M., Seedorf, J. and Hartung, J. 2003. Total count of bacteria in the air of three different laying hen housing systems. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr., 110(9): 94-97.

12.Water, sanitation and hygiene: at a glance..(March 2002). World Bank Group. http://wbln0018.worldbank.org/HDNet/hdd 60/9d1422d8016e85d885256b90005e1f76/$FILE /5WatSan%20AAG.pdf

13.WHO guidelines for indoor air quality :dampness and mould This document presents World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the protection of public health from health risks due to dampness, associated microbial growth and contamination of indoor spaces oct 2006

14.WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE, (DARE/ICAR ANNUAL REPORT 2003–2004)

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

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A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
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A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
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A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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