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IJCRR - 4(10), May, 2012

Pages: 73-78

Date of Publication: 25-May-2012

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EDGE SLOT SPIRAL MULTIBAND ANTENNA

Author: P. Rakesh Kumar, B.T.P.Madhav, V. Ravi Sekhara Reddy, CH.Pulla Rao, G.Venkata Rao

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:In this paper we designed single fed edge slot spiral multiband antenna for wireless communication applications. The multiband is achieved by cutting the planar patch on its four sides of edges and spiral shape on the center of the patch. The current antenna is resonating at three different frequencies with high gain and moderate input impedance bandwidth. The antenna was designed using commercial Ansoft HFSS and simulated results of return loss, input impedance smith chart, gain, radiation patterns and field distributions are presented in this current paper

Keywords: Edge slot, Spiral, Multiband, Input impedance bandwidth.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
In recent years, many works have been done to design and develop small-sized, simplefabricated, highly integrated multi-band antennas in terms of multisystem application for mobile or wireless terminals. Multiband Antennas are very desirable for current wireless applications as they can cover multiple frequencies using a single antenna. Moreover, modern wireless communication systems relying on multiband reconfigurable antennas are becoming more popular for their ability to serve multiple standards and applications using a single compact antenna allowing a reduction in the dimensions of the wireless device and more space to integrate other electronic components [1-4]. Reconfigurable antennas can be classified into three different categories. The first category is based on frequency reconfigurability. The aim is to tune the operating frequency of the antenna and to have a single multifunctional antenna in a small terminal for many applications. The second category is based on pattern reconfigurability, where the frequency band remains unchanged while the radiation pattern changes based on system requirements. The third category is based on polarization reconfigurability, where the polarization is switched from linear to circular and from left hand (LHCP) to right hand (RHCP) circular [5- 6].

Figure 1 shows the antenna model generated using HFSS. Log spiral and log periodic antennas generally resonate at multiple frequencies and in this case we designed one spiral model with slot edges on the four sides of the patch. Coaxial feeding is chosen for the current case and perfect impedance matching is obtained. The total dimension of the antenna is about 50x50x2mm.

ANTENNA GEOMETRY:
Antenna is designed on RT-Duroid substrate with relative permittivity of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.009. Patch dimension along x-axis is 19.8mm and along y-axis it is 15 mm. substrate thicknesses of 2mm, substrate dimension along x-axis and y-axis of 50mm. feed position along y-axis is of 5mm distance from centre. On four sides of the patch the slot length and width of 1.5mm. The inner distance between spiral slot faces are of 2mm. coaxial inner radius of 0.4mm and feed length of 4.2mm.

The voltage at the input port location is computed from the Ez field components at the feed point over the entire simulation time interval. The current at the feed point is calculated from the H field values around the feed point using Ampere?s circuital law. The input impedance of the antenna is computed as Zin (w) = FFT (Vn , P)/FFT (In-1 , P) Since microstrip line is modeled using Leubber?s staircase approach, the internal impedance of source resistance Rs is taken as the characteristic impedance (Z0) of microstrip line. Return loss in dB, S11 = 20 log10Γ(ω) The return loss computed in the above process is processed for extracting the fundamental resonant frequency and 2:1 VSWR bandwidth corresponding to the -10 dB return loss. The return loss obtained for three cases are presented in the figure (2). The antenna is resonating at three different frequencies with moderate return loss of -16.6, -19.7 and -27.29dB respectively at 4.3, 6.9 and 8.8GHz.

Figure (3) shows the input impedance smith chart for all the three models of serrated triangular toothed antennas. The input impedance at the feed of the antenna is Z = R+jX = V I Eavt I where Eav is the average value of the electric field at the feed point and I is the total current. The input impedance is complex and involves a resistive and reactive part. The resistive and reactive components vary as a function of frequency and are symmetric around the resonant frequency. For a probe fed circular patch, the input impedance with near resonance can be represented as a function of frequency and feed location as, Zin(f, P) = Rin(f, P)+jXin(f, P) The input resistance at resonance varies with radial distance P from the centre of the patch as, Rin(f = fr , nm, P) = Rr(P) = Redge Jn 2 (kPo a aeff ) Jn 2 (ka) The input impedance of a rectangular patch and feed location expressed as the functions of frequency and feed location (xo, yo) as, Zin(f, xo) = Rin(f, xo)+jXin(f, xo)

Figure 4 shows the gain of the antenna in three dimensional view. Figure 5 shows the antenna co-polarization and cross polarization radiation pattern in polar coordinates. The radiation pattern at 6.9 and 8.8 GHz are slightly Omni directional, but radiation pattern for 4.3 GHz is quasi Omni directional for co-polarization. In the case of cross polarization at 6.9 and 8.8 GHz, the radiation pattern is somewhat better compared with 4.3 GHz. Figure 6 shows the antenna E-field, H-field and current distribution plots in three dimensional view. Table 1 shows the antenna additional parameters and maximum field data at all the resonating frequencies. Peak gain, peak directivity, radiated power, incident power, accepted power and radiation efficiency values are presented.

CONCLUSION
Edge slot spiral multiband antenna was designed and simulated results are presented in this paper. The current antenna is resonating at 4.3, 6.9 and 8.8 GHz respectively with considerable gain and bandwidth. The radiation efficiency is showing 0.99 at all three resonating frequencies of the antenna. The radiation pattern shows the Omni directional patterns in its entire range. The field distributions presented in this paper is showing the applicability of this antenna at appropriate frequency range of applications.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Authors like to express their thanks to the management of LBRC Engineering and Department of ECE, K L University for their continuous support and encouragement during this work. Especially authors like to express their thanks to Koneru Satyanarayana garu, Chancellor, K L University for providing Excellent R&D facilities at KLU for the completion of this work.

References:

1. B.T.P.Madhav, Prof VGKM Pisipati, N.V.K Ramesh, K.V.Sundeep, Y.Joseph Manoj Reddy, N.Srinivas Sri Chaitanya, N.Krishna Chaitanya, “Ultra Wideband Log-periodic Trapezoidal Antenna on K15 LC-Substrate Material”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), ISSN : 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 5 May 2011.

2. B.T.P.Madhav, VGKM Pisipati, K.Sarat Kumar, K.V.L.Bhavani, VGNS Prasad, K.Praveen Kumar, M.Ravi Kumar, “Logperiodic Toothed Planar Antenna on LCP for Ultra Wide Band Application”, IJAEST”, Vol 5, issue 1, pp 62-66, March 2011

3. B.T.P.Madhav, M. Ravi Kumar, P. Syam Sundar, S. Nagarani, Ch. Ravi Kishore, A. Prudhvi raj, “Teflon Substrate based Multiband Planar Log-Periodic Antenna”, International Journal of Computer Information Systems, ISSN 2229 5208, Vol. 3 , No. 2, 2011, 127-130.

4. H. F. AbuTarboush, R. Nilavalan, H. S. AlRaweshidy and D. Budimir, "Reconfigurable Dual-band and Wideband Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications," Antennas and Propagation Conference, Loughborough, LAPC 2009.

5. A. C. K. Mak, C. R. Rowell, R. D. Murch and Chi-Lun Mak, "Reconfigurable Multiband Antenna Designs for Wireless Communication Devices," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, pp. 1919-1928, 2007.

6. SeongTae Jeong; Bum-Jin Cho; Yong-Soo Kwak; JoonHo Byun; Kim, A.S.; “Design and analysis of Multi-band antenna for mobile handset applications” Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2009. APSURSI '09. IEEE1-5 June 2009 Page(s):1 - 4J.

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