International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 9(14), July, 2017

Pages: 03-06

Date of Publication: 28-Jul-2017


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Green Synthesis and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol Embedded Silver Nanoparticles Using Simul (Bombax ceiba) Flower Extract

Author: Pinaki Mandal

Category: General Sciences

Abstract:Aim: Plants biomass extract have very important role for the synthesis of different nanoparticles due to its reducing capability, availability and nontoxicity. The present study reports a very easy and green synthesis of poly (vinyl alcohol) stabilized silver nanoparticles using Simul (Bombax ceiba) flower extract.
Methodology: The aqueous extract of Simul (Bombax ceiba) flower was used for this bio-reduction. When PVA supported aqueous silver ions exposed to aqueous Simul flower extract, silver ions were reduced and result was green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Results: The produced silver nanoparticles were characterised by different technique which includes UV\?vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The highest peak at 470 nm in UV-visible spectrum due to surface Plasmon resonance confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. TEM analysis showed the spherical and irregular particles shape and size ranging from 20 to 100 nm.
Conclusion: This single-pot method for synthesis of silver nanoparticle is eco-friendly and cost effective than other hazardous chemical methods. Different therapeutic use of PVA-supported silver nanoparticles synthesized from Simul flower, otherwise thrown away as ineffective material into environment is note worthy.

Keywords: Simul, Silver nanoparticle, Polyvinyl alcohol, Green synthesis

DOI: 10.7324/IJCRR.2017.9142

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Now a days, research on metallic nanoparticles (NPs) arean important field in nanotechnology which deals with synthesis and manipulation of particle’s size ranging from approximately 1 to 100 nm in size (Ahmed S. et al., 2016; Yehia et al., 2014). Because of their particular size and morphology nanoparticles exhibits novel chemical, biological and physical properties than their parent materials and are found to be interesting candidates for various applications which includes antimicrobial activity, biosencing particularly in biomedical science (Maiti S. et al., 2014: Padalia H. et al., 2015; Ahmad T. et al., 2013; Okafor F. et al., 2013; Abou et al., 2010) However, particle aggregation remarkably deteriorates their properties. Recently different organic polymer like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid, polyarylesters, chitosan, and poly-acrylonitrile can be used to support, stabilize as well as surface modification, distribution of the nanoparticles (Gaddy G. A. et al., 2004; Rifai S. et al., 2006; Valente, J. F. A., et al., 2013; Chandran S., et al., 2016).The functional groups present in polymeric material plays vital role to efficiently immobilize nanoparticles by different factors like Vander Waals force, electrostatic force, hydrogen or covalent bonds (Sagitha P. et al., 2016).Polyvinyl alcohol has easy acceptability being biodegradable, water soluble, inexpensive and low-toxicity to prepare polyvinyl alcoholnanoparticles (PVA-NPs) hybrid. Synthesis of PVA-AgNPs is of much interest to the scientific community because of their wide range of applications. There are many physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of PVA-AgNPs. However most of the methods are quite expensive and potentially hazardous to the environment which involves use of toxic and perilous chemicals that are responsible for various biological risks (Ahmed S. et al., 2016; Prozorova G. F et al., 2014). So, there is a need to develop high-yield, low cost, nontoxic and environmentally friendly procedures. In such a situation, biological approach appears to be very appropriate. Natural materials like plant (flower, leaf, bark, fruit etc.) extract or plant biomass, microorganisms for the production of silver nanoparticles could be an alternative to chemical and physical methods in an eco-friendly manner(Reddy G. A. K. et al., 2012) Simul tree (Bombax ceiba) is very useful tree and is found throughout the Asia. Simul commonly known as ‘cotton tree’ because it produces a white fibre like cotton capsule. It is generally tall straight tree, its leaves are deciduous in winter, red coloured flower with 5 petals appear in spring season. Different parts of this tree have meditional properties. In Ayurveda it is referred as aphrodisiac, astringent, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, antimicrobial diuretic, alterative, antipyretic and tonic. It is used in treatment of asthma, diarrhoea, wound, leucorrhoea, anaemia, seminal disorders and skin problems (Asolkar L. V. et al., 1992). A large number of phytochemicals have been found from Simul flower that include glycosides carbohydrate, protein, flavonoids, etc. Here the advantages for synthesis of PVA-AgNPs using Bombax ceiba flower is that their easy availability, non-toxicity and presence of a broad variability of biomolecules which may aid in reduction process (Joshi K. R. et. al., 2013) This article reports the simple green method for synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol supported silver nanoparticles (PVAAgNPs) using flower extract of Bombax ceiba. According to my knowledge this is the first report for the synthesis of PVA-AgNPs hybrid using Simul flower extract.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of flower extract
Fresh flowers of Bombax ceiba growing in road side of Bankura district, West Bengal, India, were collected (Figure 1). Fresh flowers were washed extensively with water followed by final wash with double distilled water. Washed flower were dried in sunlight and after grinding 5 g of flower powder was mixed with 100 ml double distilled water in 250 ml Borosil beaker and heated for 60 minutes. Then the extract was filtered through Whatman filter paper (pore size >0.5μm), collected and stored in refrigerator(40 C) touse within 1 week.

Preparation of metal solution
Initially 1M AgNO3 solution was prepared (4.25 g silver nitrate was dissolved in 25 ml double distilled water).From it 0.25 M AgNO3 solution was prepared.

Synthesis of nanoparticles (AgNPs)
The aqueous Simul flower extract had been used for the bioreduction process. At first 0.5 ml of the flower extract was mixed with 10% 0.5 ml PVA solution and then 3 ml of 0.25M AgNO3 solution was mixed and kept at room temperature for 1 hour. Colour of the solution was changed from very light yellow to dark brownish indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles. Characterization of SNPs by UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM Synthesis of AgNPs was monitored using a Shimadzu (UV1800) double-beam spectrophotometer. The absorption spectrum in the range of 400 to700 nm of the reaction medium after diluting a small aliquot of sample and crude water extract. TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) analysis was done to visualize the shapes well as to measure the diameter of the bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were screened in high resolution JEOL JEM1400 plus microscope operating at an accelerated voltage of 120 kV.

RESULTS
Characterization of nanoparticles by Colour change, UV–Visible spectra and TEM
Upon addition of flower extract to the solution of PVA-AgNO3, the colour appeared as dark brown within 1 h of incubation at room temperature (Figure 2) indicating the formation of nanosilver. The formation of AgNPs occurs from few minutes to hour and corresponding UV–Visible absorption spectra of AgNPs were recorded which shown in Figure3. The shape and size distribution of the synthesized AgNPs were characterized by TEM study (Figure 4).

DISCUSSION
The bio-reduction of PVA supported silver ions to PVA-AgNPs using Simul flower extract was understood visually by 


colour change of the reaction mixture from very light yellow to dark brown (Figure 2). The intensity of colour increases with increase in time which indicates the reduction of more silver ions and more silver nanoparticles formed. The characteristic dark brown colour of silver provided a convenient spectroscopic signature to indicate nanoparticles formation. The formation of silver nanoparticles can be detected by UV-Visible spectroscopy by analyzing its characteristic surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) due to the combined vibration of electrons of metal nanoparticles in resonance with the light wave (Rajkumar G. et al., 2012). The maximum absorbance peak at 470 nm in the UV-absorption spectrum, confirmed the presence of surface plasmon resonance peak of silver nanoparticles (Figure 3). The intensity of the absorption peak increases steadily with time indicates that the intensity of colour was directly proportional to the amount of AgNPs produced and the results corresponds to the earlier studies which reports green synthesis of silver nanoparticles showing absorption band 420-480nm (Rajana R. et al., 2015) The polymer supported nanoparticles are imaged using transmission electron microscopy (Figure 4) to further confirm the generation of SPR band in the UV-visible spectrum for AgNPs. The photograph of TEM shows formation of non-agglomerated silver nanoparticles with spherical and irregular particles shape and size ranging from 20 to 100 nm.

CONCLUSION
Using Simul flower extract a simple, low-cost, eco-friendly one-pot synthesis was carried out to prepare Polyvinyl supported silver nanoparticles at room temperature. Biosynthesized PVA-AgNPswas characterized from the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak obtained from the UV-Visible spectroscopic studies. Morphology studies were done using transmission electron microscope. This synthesis method and reaction conditions lead to the formation of silver nanoparticles of 20-100 nm in size with spherical and irregular particles shape. The synthesized PVA-silver nanoparticle hybrid can show new pathways in various fields like bio-sensing, antibacterial, water purification, antifungal, anticancer activity and specially drug delivery systems.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Author acknowledges the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included as references in this manuscript. The author is also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed. The author is also grateful to Dr. Samaresh Ghosh, Dept. of chemistry, Bankura Sammilani College, Bankura, for his support in this work.

Conflict of Interest The author has declared that no conflict of interest exists.

Source of Funding Nil

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Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

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SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

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A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
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A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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