Article|International Journal of Current Research and Review

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 4(19), October, 2012

Pages: 100-121

Date of Publication: 15-Oct-2012

Print Article Download XML Download PDF

EFFECT OF CONTAMINATION ON BOND STRENGTH OF ORTHODONTIC LIGHT CURE ADHESIVE SYSTEM- A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Author: K. Ambika, S. Aravind Kumar, K. K. Shanta Sundari

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Aim: The aim of the systemic review is to emphasize the effect of contamination on bond strength of orthodontic light cure adhesives. Methods: The search was carried out by electronic database- Advance PubMed. The studies were selected if they met the following criteria: It should be In-Vitro study. Specimen used should be human or bovine teeth. Media used for contamination are saliva, blood or water. Orthodontic brackets or buttons bonded to the enamel surface of the teeth with orthodontic light cure adhesives by direct bonding technique. Results: Thirty articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Bond strength of different orthodontic primers and adhesives were recorded as variables of interest. Conclusion: It was concluded that contaminations affect the bond strength of orthodontic light cure adhesives.

Keywords: Bond strength, moist contamination, orthodontics, light cure adhesives.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
The conventional method for bonding the orthodontic brackets to enamel surface necessitates three different agents: an enamel etchant, a primer solution, and an adhesive resin. It is paramount to keep the tooth surface absolutely dry during bonding to provide proper bonding between the enamel and adhesives. This is estimated as bond strength of the material. Clinically accepted bond strength for orthodontic bracket is range from 6 to 8 MPa (Reynolds 1975)1 . Michael G Buonocore (1955)2 revolutionized dentistry with his depicting finding of etching and bonding of acrylic to enamel. He embarked on his bonding research in July 1954 by etching the enamel for 30 seconds with 85% phosphoric acid and then rinsing the surface with water. Retief et al3 also illustrated the surface conditioning is essential for increasing the bond strength of bonding material to enamel. In 1962, Bowen introduced bisphenol A-glycidyl dimethacrylate (bisGMA) resin. Bis-GMA proved to be stronger and more stable than the acrylic and epoxy resins which were in use at that time4 . In 1964, there was a revolution in the orthodontic society when Newmann5 successfully bonded orthodontic brackets to the teeth, by means of the acid-etch technique and an epoxy-derived resin. Bonding procedure includes: a) Thorough prophylaxis to provide a clean bonding surface. b) 37% phosphoric acid gel or aqueous solution applied for approximately 15 seconds to etch. c) Rinsing with copious amounts of water. d) Dry the surface with moisture and oil-free air to show the frosty, chalky white demarcated etched enamel surface. e) Apply the primer and bond the bracket with composite under a dry field and cure it with light cure unit. The presence of moisture contamination during bonding of orthodontic brackets is the most common reason for bond failure. Contamination causes plugging of the porosities produced by acid etching and a reduction in surface energy. Eventually resin penetration is impaired, and micromechanical retention is compromised6 . The contamination may be due to either water or saliva or blood or combination of these three. To overcome the effect of contamination, lots of newer adhesives have been introduced in the market with a minimal variation in composition. The purpose of the systematic review is to emphasize the effect of contamination on bond strength of orthodontic light cure adhesives. Structured Question Does the contamination affect the bond strength of orthodontics light cure adhesive system? Search Strategy Electronic databases: Advance Pubmed

SEARCH METHODOLOGY
The search methodology applied in PUBMED was as follows: (adhesives or dental adhesives or light cure adhesives or light cure adhesive or composite or dental composite or light cure composite or light cure resin) and (saliva contamination or water contamination or blood contamination) and (bond strength or dental bond strength or shear bond strength or orthodontic debonding or bond failure or debracketing).(Fig 1)

Inclusion Criteria
Studies were selected if they met the following criteria:
1. In-vitro studies
2. Specimen may be human or bovine teeth
3. Media used for contamination are saliva, blood or water.
4. Orthodontic brackets and buttons bonded to the enamel surface of the teeth with orthodontic light cure adhesives.
5. Direct bonding technique.

Exclusion criteria
1. Ex-vivo or in-vivo studies are excluded.
2. Studies done using materials other than orthodontic adhesives.
3. Studies done using chemical cured and dual cured adhesives.

RESULT
1.irty articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria.
2. Bond strength of different orthodontic primers and adhesives were recorded as variables of interest. (Table 3)

DISCUSSION
Water Contamination Bonding the bracket directly to enamel surface is technique sensitive. It needs absolute dry environment. Contamination of etched enamel surface leads to an inappropriate sealing of the microporosites by primer. Thereby reducing the bond strength of the adhesives. Common contaminations in clinical practice are water, saliva and blood. This systemic review is concentrating on the bond strength of orthodontic light cure adhesives influenced by contamination. Hobson et al8 found that the saliva contamination is more complex than water. Saliva consists of water, polysaccharides, protein, enzymes (Eiriksson et al9 ). Saliva forms an organic smear layer on the etched surface. Blood has greater mechanical barrier compare to saliva due to its organic and inorganic substances. As per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, there are 11 articles which showed the effect of water contamination under different primers and adhesives (table 2-6). The bond strength of Transbond XT primer (TXP) and Transbond XT adhesive (TXT) are found to be reduced under water contamination expect in the study by Vicente et al10. He found that the bond strength of TXP under water contamination is low compared to dry environment but there was no significant difference between the dry and wet condition.

Transbond moisture insensitive primer (TMIP) is a hydrophilic primer which is found to overcome the hydrophobic nature of TXT by adding HEMA and ethanol solvent. Four articles enumerate the effect of water contamination on the bond strength of TMIP and TXT. There was reduction in the bond strength under water contamination. The controversy to it is evident with Kula et al 200311 findings. There was no statistically significant difference between the dry and wet condition. Transbond self etching primer (TSEP) has reduces two steps (etching and priming) into single step which in turn reduces the time consumption during bonding. Three articles enumerate about the effect of water after application of TSEP. There was no difference of bond strength in two articles expect Cacciafesta et al12 findings where there was significant difference in bond strength under contamination after primer application. There are four articles who evaluated the bond strength of Fuji Ortho LC, resin modified glass ionomer cement light cure adhesives. There was statistically significant difference in bond strength in both dry and wet condition as well as under etched and unetched surfaces.

Salivary Contamination
Saliva is the most common media for contaminating the etched surface. Precaution should be taken in bonding to prevent salivary contamination. Saliva will form an organic smear layer on the etched surface which prevents the penetration of primer into the microporosites thereby enhancing the bond failure rate. Twenty two articles are dealing with effect of salivary contamination on bond strength of different adhesive system (Table 7-12). The combination of Transbond XT Primer and Transbond XT adhesives are evident in eight articles. All the articles reveal that, salivary contamination affects the bond strength of the TXP irrespective of contamination either before or after primer application. Transbond Moisture Insensitive Primer can withstand the mild moist environment. TMIP and TXT show statistically significant difference in the bond strength with contamination of saliva after primer application. But contamination before primer application does not affect the bond strength. Nine studies proved it. Transbond Self Etch Primer is a single step technique where etching and priming occurs simultaneously, contamination after primer application did not affect the bond strength. There are nine articles. Vittorio Cacciafesta et al12 found that there was decrease in bond strength by contamination after primer application. Lorenz Brauchli et al13 found increase in the bond strength after primer application. It is due to denaturation and degradation of saliva protein by its etching component. Bond strength of Fuji Ortho LC under saliva contamination was evaluated in four studies. There was no statistically significant difference between dry and wet condition. Lorenz Brauchli et al13 showed increase in bond strength after contamination. This was contrary to other studies. Adhesive system other than above mentioned adhesives have reduced bond strength under saliva contamination compared to uncontaminated groups.

Blood Contamination
Contamination by blood extremely affects the bond strength of the orthodontic adhesives (Table 13-17). This was proved in various studies (Brauchli et al13, Sfondrini et al14, Santos et al15 , Oztoprak et al16, Sayinsu et al17). Blood contamination affects the bond strength irrespective of material used. There was decrease in the bond strength after the application of TSEP under blood contamination. Fuji Ortho LC also was affected by blood16 . Decontamination of the contaminated tooth surface by rinsing with water can increase the bond strength and it will be approximating to the bond strength achieved without contamination.

Repeat etching is not needed in the decontamination procedure. It is just cleaning a contaminated surface with water and air which was sufficient to obtain adequate bonding forces (Brauchli13). Webster18 compared a control group with a contamination group (without repriming) and a decontamination group (repriming only). They found significantly reduced bonding forces in both the situations. The decontamination in the investigation by Zeppieri19 also consisted of repriming without previous rinsing with water. Only TSEP achieved successful bonding forces in the decontamination groups. In the studies by Eiriksson20, 21 all self-etching primers achieved successful bonding forces after decontamination with water, air, and repriming. The data that was outliner in all the articles is Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). It was used to assess the amount of adhesive left on the enamel surface. ARI scores were used as a complex method of defining bond failure rate among the enamel, the adhesive and the bracket base (Caccisafesta et al 200312).

INFERENCE
Contamination by water, saliva or blood affects the bond strength of all orthodontic adhesives either before or after the application of primer. Effect of these contaminations on TSEP after its application is found to be less. Fuji Ortho LC is unaffected by these contamination irrespective of its nature. Decontamination procedure after contamination increases the bond strength of TSEP.

CONCLUSION
Contamination affects the bond strength of the orthodontic light cure adhesives, but the extent of effect is different for different adhesive system.

SUMMARY
This systematic review is to emphasize the effect of contamination on the bond strength of orthodontic light cure adhesives. Search was done in Advance PubMed and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, thirty articles are related to the topic of interest. The bond strength of adhesives with or without contamination is listed out. The reading is evaluated for both before or after primer application of different adhesives. It was concluded that effect of contamination affect the bond strength of the orthodontic light cure adhesives and it affects less on TSEP.

References:

1. Reynolds IR. A review of direct orthodontic bonding. Br J Orthod 1975;2:171-8

2. Buonocore MG: A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling material to enamel surfaces. J Dent Res 34:849-853, 1955

3. Retief DH, Dreyer CJ, Gavron G: The direct bonding of orthodontic attachments to teeth by means of an epoxy resin adhesive. Am J Orthod 58:21-40, 1970

4. William A. Brantley, Theodore Eliades: Orthodontic Materials : Chapter 10, Page 202

5. Newmann GV: Bonding plastic orthodontic attachments to tooth enamel: NJ State Dental Journal 1964: 36:346-59

6. Rajagopal R, Padmanabhan S, Gnanamani J. A comparison of shear bond strength and debonding characteristics of conventional, moisture-insensitive, and self-etching primers in vitro. Angle Orthod. 2004;74:264-8.

7. Miller RA. Laboratory and clinical evaluation of a self-etching primer. J Clin Orthod 2001;35:42-5.

8. Hobson RS, Ledvinka J, Meechan JG: The effect of moisture and blood contamination on bond strength of a new orthodontic bonding material. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Jul;120(1):54-7.

9. Eiriksson SO, Pereira PN, Swift EJ Jr, Heymann HO, Sigurdsson A: Effects of saliva contamination on resin-resin bond strength. Dent Mater. 2004 Jan;20(1):37-44.

10. Vicente A, Toledano M, Bravo LA, Romeo A, de la Higuera B, Osorio R: Effect of water contamination on the shear bond strength of five orthodontic adhesives. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010 Sep 1;15(5):e820-6

11. Kula KS, Nash TD, Purk JH: Shear-peel bond strength of orthodontic primers in wet conditions. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2003 May;6(2):96-100.

12. Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, De Angelis M, Scribante A, Klersy C: Effect of water and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional, hydrophilic, and self-etching primers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003 Jun;123(6):633-40.

13. Brauchli L, Eichenberger M, Steineck M, Wichelhaus A: Influence of decontamination procedures on shear forces after contamination with blood or saliva. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Oct;138(4):435-41.

14. Sfondrini MF, Gatti S, Scribante A: Effect of blood contamination on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and disinclusion buttons. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Jul;49(5):404-8. Epub 2010 Jul 23.

15. Santos BM, Pithon MM, Ruellas AC, Sant'Anna EF: Shear bond strength of brackets bonded with hydrophilic and hydrophobic bond systems under contamination. Angle Orthod. 2010 Sep;80(5):963-7.

16. Oztoprak MO, Isik F, Sayinsu K, Arun T, Aydemir B: Effect of blood and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with 4 adhesives. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Feb;131(2):238-42.

17. Sayinsu K, Isik F, Sezen S, Aydemir B: Light curing the primer-beneficial when working in problem areas? Angle Orthod. 2006 Mar;76(2):310-3.

18. Webster MJ, Nanda RS, Duncanson MG Jr, Khajotia SS, Sinha PK. The effect of saliva on shear bond strengths of hydrophilic bonding systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001; 119:54-8.

19. Zeppieri IL, Chung CH, Mante FK. Effect of saliva on shear bond strength of an orthodontic adhesive used with moisture-insensitive and self-etching primers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003; 124:414-9.

20. Eiriksson SO, Pereira PN, Swift EJ, Heymann HO, Sigurdsson A. Effects of blood contamination on resin-resin bond strength. Dent Mater 2004;20:184-90.

21. Eiriksson SO, Pereira PN, Swift EJ Jr, Heymann HO, Sigurdsson A. Effects of saliva contamination on resin-resin bond strength. Dent Mater 2004;20:37-44.

22. Hsiang Yu Cheng, Chien Hsiu Chen, Chuan Li Li, Hung Huey Tsai, Ta Hsiung Chou and Wei Nan Wang. Bond strength of orthodontic lightcured resin-modified glass ionomer cement.European Journal of Orthodontics 33 (2011) 180–184

23. Sergio Ricardo Campos Maia, Vanessa Cavalli, Priscila Christiane Suzy Liporoni, and Marcos Augusto do Regob. Influence of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching adhesive systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:79-83

24. Luciana Borges Retamoso, Fabrício Mezzomo Collares, Eduardo Silveira Ferreira, Susana Maria Werner Samuel. Shear bond strength of metallic brackets: influence of saliva contamination.J Appl Oral Sci. 2009;17(3):190-4

25. Ascensio´n Vicentea; Ana Menab; Antonio Jose´ Ortizc; Luis Alberto Bravoc. Water and Saliva Contamination Effect on Shear Bond Strength of Brackets Bonded with a MoistureTolerant Light Cure System.Angle Orthod. 2009; 79:127–132.)

26. Ekaterini Paschosa; Jean-Oliver Westphalb; Nicoleta Iliec; Karin Christine Huthd; Reinhard Hickele; Ingrid Rudzki-Janson F. Artificial saliva contamination effects on bond strength of self-etching primers. Angle Orthodondontist, 2008 78(4);716-21

27. Tamer Turka; Selma Elekdag-Turkb; Devrim Iscic; Fethiye Cakmakc; Nurhat Ozkalaycic. Saliva Contamination Effect on Shear Bond Strength of Self-etching Primer with Different Debond Times. Angle Orthodontist, Vol 77, No 5, 2007; 901-6

28. Andreas Faltermeier, Michael Behr, Martin Rosentritt, Claudia Reicheneder and Dieter Müßig. An in vitro comparative assessment of different enamel contaminants during bracket bonding, European Journal of Orthodontics 29 (2007) 559–563

29. Ma Dolores Campoya; Ascensio´n Vicenteb; Luis Alberto Bravoc. Effect of Saliva Contamination on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with a SelfEtching Primer. Angle Orthod 2005;75:865– 869.

30. Vittorio Cacciafesta, DDS, MSc, PhD, Maria Francesca Sfondrini, MD, DDS, PhD, Andrea Scribante, DDS, Marco De Angelis, DDS, and Catherine Klersy, MD, MSc. Effect of blood contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with a self-etching primer combined with a resin-modified glass ionomer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;126:703-8

31. Rangaswamy Rajagopal, MDS; Sridevi Padmanabhan, MDS; Janakirama Gnanamani, MDS. A Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Debonding Characteristics of Conventional, Moisture-Insensitive, and Selfetching Primers In Vitro. Angle Orthod 2004;74:264–268.

32. Maria Francesca Sfondrini, MD, DDS, Vittorio Cacciafesta, DDS, MSc, PhD, Andrea Scribante, DDS, Marco De Angelis, DDS, and Catherine Klersy, MD, MSc. Effect of blood contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional and selfetching primers. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125:357-60)

33. Vittorio Cacciafesta, DDS, MSc, PhD, Maria Francesca Sfondrini, MD, DDS, Lucia Baluga, DDS, Andrea Scribante, DDS, and Catherine Klersy, MD, MSc. Use of a self-etching primer in combination with a resin-modified glass ionomer: Effect of water and saliva contamination on shear bond strength. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;124:420-6)

34. Arndt Klocke, Dr med dent, MS; Jianmin Shi, MScb; Ba¨rbel Kahl-Nieke, Dr med dent, PhDc;Ulrich Bismayer, Dr rer nat, PhD. In Vitro Investigation of Indirect Bonding with a Hydrophilic Primer. (Angle Orthod 2003;73:445–450.)

35. Vittorio Cacciafesta, DDS, MSc,a Maria Francesca Sfondrini, MD, DDS,b Marco De Angelis, DDS,c,Andrea Scribante, DDS,c and Catherine Klersy, MD, MScd. Effect of water and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional, hydrophilic, and self-etching primers. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:633-40)

36. Samir E. Bishara, BDS, DDS, D Ortho, MSa; Charuphan Oonsombat, DDS, MSb; Raed Ajlouni, DDS, MSb; Gerald Denehy, DDS, MSc. The Effect of Saliva Contamination on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets When Using a Self-Etch Primer.(Angle Orthod 2002;72:554–557.)

37. Shane Schaneveldt, DDS, MCID, a and Timothy F. Foley, DDS, MCIDb. Bond strength comparison of moistureinsensitive primers. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:267-73)

38. Kirovski and S. Madzarova. Tensile bond strength of light cured glass ionomer cement when used for bracket bonding under different conditions: an In-Vitro study. European journal of Orthodontics; 2000; 22; 719-723.

39. Douglas Rix, BSc, DDS, MC1D,a Timothy F. Foley, DDS, MC1D,b and Antonios Mamandras, DDS, MC1D. Comparison of bond strength of three adhesives: Composite resin, hybrid GIC, and glass-filled GIC. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119:36-42

40. Takami Itoh, Noriatsu Matsuo, Tadao Fukushima, Yusuke Inoue, Yasuhisa Oniki, Mitsunari Matsomoto, Angelo A.Caputo. Effect of Contamination and Etching On Enamel Bond Strength of New Light Cured Glass Ionomer Cements. Angle Orthod 1999;69(5):450-456.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021

Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award:

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23

A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22

A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21

A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20

A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19

A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.

A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17

A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.

A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15

A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14

A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13

A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12

A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11

A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10

A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09

A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08

A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07

A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06

A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05

A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04

A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03

A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02

A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01

A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24

A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23

A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22

A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21

A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20

A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19

A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18

A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17

A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16

A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15

A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14

A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13

A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12

A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11

A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10

A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09

A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08

A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07

A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness

A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health

A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06

A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia

A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05

A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04

A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03

A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02

A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01

A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24

A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23

A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22

A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21

A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20

A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19

A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18

A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17

A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16

A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15

A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020

A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"

A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13

A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 12

A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 11

A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 10

A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 09

A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 08

A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 07

A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20

A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR

A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13

A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR

A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR.

A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award

A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award

RSS feed

IJCRR

EFFECT OF CONTAMINATION ON BOND STRENGTH OF ORTHODONTIC LIGHT CURE ADHESIVE SYSTEM- A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

RSS feed

ABOUT US

Useful links

Useful links

Contact