International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 4(20), October, 2012

Pages: 80-84

Date of Publication: 20-Oct-2012


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STUDY OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF POISONING CASES AT SHRI B M PATIL MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTRE, BIJAPUR

Author: Anand Mugadlimath, M.A. Bagali, S.R. Hibare, D.I. Ingale, Neeraj Gupta, Chandrashekar Bhuyyar

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:A retrospective analysis of all poisoning cases admitted to Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital & Research Centre Bijapur, Karnataka from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010 was done to study the pattern of poisoning reported. Acute poisoning is a common medical emergency and one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries due to easy availability of poisonous substances and its low cost. So it was important to know the pattern of poisoning at to Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital & Research Centre Bijapur. Objective of the study was to evaluate the pattern of poisoning at a tertiary care hospital in North-Karnataka (Bijapur), and to study the socio-demographic profile of the same. Data collected using a pretested proforma and the values were analyzed and presented.

Keywords: Poisoning, organophosphrous compounds, kerosene.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Massive use of pesticides in agriculture, rapid industrialization and exposure to hazardous chemical products, introduction of newer range of drugs for treatment, , increased alcohol consumption, unhealthy dietary habits has widened the spectrum of toxic products to which people have been exposed as compared with the early days1,2,3,4,5,6. Knowingly or unknowingly millions of people are exposed to danger by hazardous occupational practices and unsafe storage3,6 of toxic chemicals products in their day to day life. Lack of specialized toxicological services in developing countries like India has further contributed to the higher rate morbidity and mortality 1,4,2. Easy availability and low cost of hazardous chemicals plays a major role in both accidental and suicidal poisoning in developing countries like India, Srilanka, South Africa etc 1,3,4,6,7,8. Most of the fatality rate is of intentional poisoning by organophosphrous (OP) compound which has been reported from southern and central India9,10,11. According to WHO (1999) more than three million poisoning cases has been reported out of which 251,881 deaths occur world wide annually, of which, 99% of fatal poisoning occur in developing countries, predominantly among farmers due to various kinds of poisoning, including poisonous toxins from natural products are handled 11,12. Therefore, an alarm for early diagnosis, treatment and prevention is crucial in reducing the burden of poisoning related injury in any country. A comparative data revealed that in developed countries, the mortality rate due to poisoning is only 1% to 2%, but in developing countries like India it varies between 15% to 30% 13 and is the fourth most common cause of mortality especially in rural India 2,14. It is very difficult to draw a report to say which kind of poisoning is more frequent, has the nature of poisoning varies from one region another depending upon the poison availability and the knowledge and local population regarding the properties of poisons 2 . So this study has been aimed to determine the various parameters of poisoning such as type of poisoning involved, the most vulnerable age group and their marital status with religions.

METHODOLOGY
The present retrospective study was conducted by department of Forensic Medicine& Toxicology . Shri B M Patil Medical college, Bijapur, North Karnataka from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010. Data was collected from all the poisoning cases admitted that were admitted & treated at BLDEAs B M Patil Medical College Hospital & Research Centre Bijapur. Information was collected into a proforma on the type of poison consumed, incidence on age and sex, marital status, religions, hospitalization days were noted from records for each case and analyzed. RESULTS In our study there were total of 378 patients brought to BLDEAs B M Patil Medical College Hospital & Research Centre Bijapur, of whom the data were collected during the 12 months study period from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010 due to suspected poisoning. Total number of 32904 IPD cases were registered during the study period and 2197 MLC cases done, in which 378 cases (6.67%) were due to poisoning (Table 1). Total number of male patients admitted to hospital due to poisoning was 199 (52.64%) and female were 179 (47.35%) with the male: female ratio being 1.2:1 (Table 2). Majority (45.76%) of victims with suspected consumption of poison was in between 21 to 30 age group followed by the age group between 11 to 20 (26.45% )( Table3). Insecticides were the most common poison used for suicidal purpose by the entire victim aged between 15-65 years irrespective of age (Table 4). We also found that out 199 (52.64%) males came with poisoning, 55 % patients were married and 45% patients were unmarried. Out of the 179 females who admitted for poisoning 65% patients were married and 35% were unmarried (Table 5). The hospital stay of the admitted patients with poisoning ranged from 01 to 82 days and the mean hospital stay was 6.9 days. During the study period 21 (5.55%) of the patients had mortality due to poisoning (Table 6). 353 cases (93.3 %) with poisoning admitted to the hospital were Hindus followed by Muslims in 25 cases [6.61%] (Table 7). Most common (51.6%) poison used for poisoning were organophosphrous compounds 197 cases (51.63%), in 118(31.21%) cases the type of poison was not known and were treated symptomatically (Table 4). In our study 86.5% (327) of cases were from rural domicile and only 13.5 % (51) from urban population (Table 8).In season wise distribution, highest cases were recorded in the month of March & April (16.9% & 9.2%) (Table 9).

DISCUSSION
Poisoning is a major public health problem in Bijapur district, with thousands of poisonings and hundreds of deaths every year cases coming to tertiary centre represent just tip of the iceberg. Keeping this background in mind, retrospective analysis of all poisoning cases admitted to Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital & Research Centre Bijapur, Karnataka from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010 was done to study the pattern of poisoning reported. Suicide is one of the oldest and considered the best trends of sacrificing their life by consuming different poisonous substances which are easily accessible to them compared other methods. The morbidity, mortality in any case of acute poisoning depends upon number of factors such as nature of poison dose consumed, level of available medical facilities and time interval between intake of poison and provision of medical help. The sex incidence affected with poisoning was more with male which out numbered the female the ration being 1.7:1 and tallies with the other tudies 4,8,15, 16,17,. In our study there is a male predominance (52.64%). The high incidence may be because males are more exposed to stress, strain and occupational hazards compared to females 2,11,18,19. In this study the most common age group involved was between 21-30 years followed by the age group between 11- 20 years. Thus, adolescent and young adults are at more risk compared to other groups. Similar observations were reported by studies in India and abroad 4, 8, 17,20, 21, 22, . The hospital stay of the admitted patients with poisoning ranged from 01 to 82 days. The mean hospital stay was 6.9 days, similar findings were also observed in other studies as well20.In the present study 197 cases (51.63%) were due to insecticidal organophosphrous poisons, which were the most commonly responsible agents for toxicity in poisoning cases. Similar types of findings were noted by the authors11, 23, 24. We observed that married person more often become victim of poisoning which was found similar with other studies 4,15, 25.The reason of fact could be that the amount of stress carried by the married people on their day to day life is more than the single males or females which makes them more vulnerable. Patients who were admitted due to poisoning of which, 353 (93.38%) patients were Hindus (76.35%) followed by Muslims in 25 (6.61%). This may be due to religious beliefs and low percent of muslims in the rural population, served by Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital & Research Centre Bijapur. In our study majorly of cases were from rural domicile similar findings were seen by other Indian studies,2,3,4,5,6. .In season wise distribution, highest cases were recorded in the month of March & April this may be due to easy availability of insecticides during the harvesting season and announcement of exam results during these months.

CONCLUSION
We conclude that poising is a major public health problem in Bijapur district, especially organophosphrous poisoning. The reasons may be – agriculture is the main occupation in this part of country with easy availability of insecticide, illiteracy, and low socioeconomic status. young age persons commonly affected indicating role of psychological counseling and by tackling their problems sympathetically. We suggest the government should regulate the import, manufacture, sale, transport, distribution and use of insecticides and pesticides with a view to prevent risk to human beings. Other interventions can be creation of poison information centres, introducing separate toxicological units in the hospitals and upgrading the peripheral health centres to manage cases of poisoning in emergency.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors, editors and publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

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24. Gupta B D, Vaghela P. Profile of Fatal Poisoning in and around Jamnagar.JIAFM, 2005; 27 (3): 145-148.

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Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

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Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

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A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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