Article|International Journal of Current Research and Review

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 5(15), August, 2013

Pages: 66-72

Date of Publication: 17-Aug-2013

Print Article Download XML Download PDF

EVALUATION OF PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AND REASONS FOR PARTIAL / NON IMMUNIZATION IN MAHARASHTRA

Author: Sanjay Wagh, Ashok Mehendale, Mohan Raut, Santoshi Wagh, Diwakar Sharma

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Background: The complete immunization is cost effective method to prevent vaccine preventable diseases. In many areas complete immunization is not achieved due to various reasons. The partial or non immunization can be converted in to complete immunization if situation analyzed. Objective: 1) To find out the immunization coverage in 12- 23 months children. 2) Assess the factor associated with partial / non immunization 3) To find out various reasons for partial / non immunization. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in field practicing area of Dept Community Medicine in Three PHC area of Wardha district Maharashtra by house to house survey. Study period: April 2009 to November 2010. A total 1199 children were included in the study Chi square test was applied for statistical analysis. Result: 84.90% children were fully immunized to primary vaccine. The immunization coverage for BCG (96.7%) Vaccine was highest and lower for Measles (84.9%). Most common reason for partial immunization was unaware about the schedule of vaccine (36.5%), out of station (17.7%) and child was ill (14.9%). Parent's education plays significant role in immunization status of children. IEC activities should be in community to avoid non immunization in children.

Keywords: immunization, partial immunization, various reasons.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Protection through immunization against vaccine preventable diseases, disabilities and death is the right of every child. Vaccines remain one of the most cost-effective public health initiatives¹. In India, immunization services are offered free of cost at government hospitals still the coverage remains low. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), only 44% of 1to 2 years old children had received the basic immunization, which is much less than the desired goal of achieving 85% coverage². However it is not an easy task to achieve. In a developing country like India, the sheer logistics of the numbers of the target population that stretches across geographically diverse regions make universal immunization of children a herculean task³. Because of increased accessibility of health care services in both urban and rural areas, an increase was expected in the utilization of the services; however, studies reveal low utilization of health care services ⁴. It is known that fully immunization status can only protect the children at maximum. Percentage of protection may be reduced in partially immunize child⁵.

Parents show various reasons for discontinuing or non immunizing their children. Success of immunization coverage depends upon clear understanding of reasons for partial immunization of a child. Hence the present study was planned with the following objectives.

OBJECTIVE

To find out immunization status among the children in the age group 12-23 months
To assess the factor associated with immunization
To find out various reasons for partial immunization

METHOD

Study Design: The cross sectional descriptive study

Study area: Three PHC area of Wardha District (Mahrashtra) Namely Anji, Goul and Talegaon including 67 villages.

Study Population: Children in the age group of 12-24 months.

Study period: April 2009 - November 2010

Data collection technique and tools

Three PHC’s (Population 88131) were selected as it comes under field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, MGIMS, and Sevagram Wardha district. List of children in the age group of 12-23 months was prepared by house to house visit, separately for each village. In all the families with a child in the age group of 12-23 months, a pre-tested and pre-designed questionnaire was administered to the mother of the child to find out if the child has been immunized with all the vaccines in the national immunization schedule. If she was not available at the time of survey; father, grandmother, grandfather or any care taker more than 18 years of age was asked to provide the information. The respondents were asked whether they had a vaccination card of the child. If the vaccination card was available in the family, particulars about each vaccine was noted. For vaccinations not recorded on the card, the respondent's report that the vaccination has or has not been given the vaccine was accepted. If a house was found locked, the investigator visited the household two more times.

However, if the house was found locked during all three visits, no further visits were paid to the household. For all children, who had not received the full course of the primary immunization, in-depth interview was conducted to find out the cause of non-immunization or partial immunization. The in-depth interview was based on a semi-structured format. The details about the missed dose of partially/ non immunized child was noted. A child was classified as fully immunized if he had received one dose of BCG, three doses of DPT and one dose of measles vaccine. Partially immunized any one of the dose or vaccine was dropped. Unimmunized child means who had not given any vaccine. BCG scar was looked for history of immunization.

Data entry and Analysis: The data for primary dose were entered and analyze in SPSS 16 -Version. P value was generated, p value <0.05 was taken as significant and >0.05 was taken as non significant.

RESULT

Table 1: A total no 1199 children in the age group of 12-24 months were included in the study. (84.90%) children’s were fully vaccinated against all six vaccine preventable diseases. When compared between gender, the proportion of fully immunize children was higher in male (64.04%) than in female (35.92%), however the difference was highly significant (p-value=<0.001) in male and female.

It is observed that immunization coverage was higher in male as compared to female in each group. A highly significant association is found between father’s literacy and immunization status of their children, suggesting the existence of gender discrimination. (p-value = 0.004). In general immunization status was proportionally better in children whose father was educated.

A significant association between mother’s literacy and immunization status of their children is observed (p-Value =0.03). It is also observed that immunization coverage was higher in male as compared to female in only illiterate and primary groups. Education status of mother directly impacts the immunization. When we compare father vs. mother education, father education group has 95.1% children immunized while in mother education group only 91.9% were immunised.

In Immunization coverage individual BCG coverage was highest 1160(96.7%) and lowest for measles (84.9%). It is also observed that immunization coverage was higher in male as compared to female in all vaccine cases this difference was found statistically significant, (P -value=<0.05).

Note: ** denote reason for non immunization.

Unawareness of vaccine schedule was 66 (36.5%) the main reason for partial immunization followed by out of station 32(17.7%).

DISCUSSION

Among the method of prevention of communicable diseases, immunization is very effective and also cost effective method. The complete immunization gives full protection to children. The present study was conducted in three PHC areas to assess the immunization coverage and to find out various reasons for partial/ non immunization. In present study it was found that overall (84.98%) children were fully vaccinated against six vaccine preventable disease. These finding were comparable to that of Dalal⁶ in Department of pediatric in Goa Medical college (85%), Similarly Punith K⁷ et al urban area of Banglore city (84.09%), and Maj Joshi RM⁸ et al Military Station (84.2%).

A survey by Choudhary V et.al³ found that the fully immunization for male was more (68.69%) as compared to female (55.86%). In the present study we found that the immunization coverage was higher in males (64.04%) as compared to female (35.92%). We found much less coverage for female than in male this difference among may be due to gender inequality. However similar type of finding was also reported by study conducted by Khokar et.al¹¹ male 153(59.68%) female 105(40.07%).

In the present we observed that 1160(96.7%), 1079(89.9%)1130 (94.02%)and 1018(84.9%) children were immunized against BCG, DPT3, OPV3and Measles in our study, similar rate was observed by Dalal A et.al⁶ pediatric ward department of Pediatric in Goa medical college i.e 94%, 96%, 95%, 88% BCG, DPT3, OPV3and Measles.

We found, out of 1160, 690(59.5%) males and 470 (40.5%) female was vaccinated for BCG however the study conducted by Prabar K¹² et al in Darjling district of West Bengal reported almost same cover coverage for male and female (81.36%), (80.65%). So in the study it was observed that female vaccination coverage was contrast with the above study and this variation may be due to Geographic variation, gender inequity and survey technique.

In the present study among (84.98%) of fully immunized children 26.60% (Total 271; Male-152,,Female-119) belonged to father who were graduate however 33.10% (Total 337; Male-,218 Female-119), 23.9% (Total 243; Male-,176 Female-67), 5%(Total 51; Male-,34 Female-17), children belonged to father who was high secondary, primary and illiterate respectively. A highly significant association is noted between fathers literacy and immunization status of children (p-Value <0.0004) immunization status improved with fathers literacy.

Similarly for female 34.28% (Total 349; Male-, 214 Female-135) of fully immunize children belonged to mothers with education up to high school, while 40.75 %( Total 262; Male-,148 Female 45), 10.11%(Total 103; Male-,77 Female 26),7.3%( Total 82; Male-,58 Female 24)) children belonged to mother with education level up to primary school, and high school illiterate these finding shows that a significant association between mothers education the finding of the study is similar to study conducted by Inamdar¹ et al. our study none of the graduate and post graduate mother had any unimmunized child. This is accordance to a study conducted at Goa⁶. Where none of graduate mother had any unimmunized child. The findings of low immunization coverage in female as compared to male is due to discrimination of against female as also stated in study done by Vinit Sharma¹³ and Anuragini Sharma¹³ they also stated that higher immunization rate in male because of they get more importance. The coverage rate were higher than female male children¹⁴ similar Sex bias was seen in the study done on immunization coverage in urban area of Utterpradesh by Nirupam S¹⁵, Chandra R, Shrivastav VK.

Earlier studies reported ^7,9,10 reported partial immunization coverage ranging from (5.25% to 29.7%). The present study reported (12.76%) of partial immunization, these finding is comparable with the study conducted by Chopra⁹ et al in urban area of Merut (14.09%). Similarly non immunization percentages in previous studies reported range from (2.3% to 23.9%)^6,16,3,2,17. During our study we found non immunization rate was (2.33%) similar finding was also reported (2.3%) by Dalal A⁶ et al in Goa.

In the present study unawareness about the schedule of vaccine was the most common cause of missed dose. Similar finding was also reported by Khokhar in urban community of Delhi¹¹, unaware of immunization schedule has been mention the main reason for Partial immunization and non immunization.

Out of station was the another main reason for partial In Maharashtra most of the mothers travel frequently husbands home to fathers home during post natal period this finding suggest social behavior as the major obstacle for incomplete or non immunization. Supporting this finding, a study conducted in Anand District Gujrat¹⁸ has also mention by children gone another place as third most important reason.

Child was ill was the third reason for partial immunization in the present study however the study institute of Childs health in madras mention the minor illness was 4^th important reasons for partial/non immunization¹⁴ . The parents must be educated through Mass media and by group individual contact of parents community to have immunize child when it is due, even if the child having minor illness.

CONCLUSION

Immunization coverage has been increase substantially in general in recent year, a sizable proportion of children are not being immunized the study identified association parents education, gender discrimination along with an aware of the parent was the main reason for partial / non immunization. Gender discrimination was responsible for further lowering of immunization coverage in girl. Present day vaccination programme framed by government of India emphasizes six vaccine preventable diseases during 1^st year of life. Community need to educate and made aware about the fact. This study provides us important insight in existing level of awareness among the people. Define gender bias exists.

RECOMMENDATION

The health education should be emphasized to enhance respondents knowledge about complete immunization.
Immunization programme has to be incorporated in school health programme.
Special activity should planned to immunize missed children should make aware about the fact and schedule.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We acknowledge the great help received from the scholars whose articles cited and included in references of this manuscript. We are also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed. We are also thankful to the all auto drivers participated in the study, for their co-operation.
Conflict of interest: Authors had not declared any conflict of interest.
Source of funding: None

References:

Inamdar M, Piparsania S, Inamdar S, Singh K. Exploring the causes of low immunization status in school going children. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences. 2011;10(4):1-4.
Vikaram A, Amarjir S, Vijaylakshmi ,S Coverage and quality of immunization services in rural Chandigarh. Indian Pediatrics. 2012;49:565-567.
Varsha C, Rajiv K, Arawal VK, Joshi SH, Sharma M, Evaluvation of Primary immunization coverage in urban area of bareilly city using cluster sampling technique. JIRM.2010;1(4): 10-15.
Sharma R, Desai VK, Kavishavr A. Assessment of immunization status in slums of surat by 15 cluster multi indicator cluster technique. Indian J community Med. 2009;32(2):152-155.
Govindarajan PK, Senthilmugan TK. Study on immunization coverage in urban population in Tamilnadu. Nat.J.Res.Com Med.2012;1(4):220-222.
Dalal A, Silveira MP. Immunization status of children in Goa. Indian Pediatrics. 2005;42:401-402.
Punith K, Lalitha K,Suman G,Pradeep BS, Jaynath Kumar K. Indian J community Med. 2008;33(3) 151-155.
Maj RM Joshi, Lt Col (Mrs) Bala. Immunization Coverage at a Military Station. MJAFI,2003; 59(3):223-225.
Chopra H, Singh AK, JV Bhatnagar,M Garg,SK Bajpai SK. Status of routine immunization in urban are of Merrut. Indian J community Med. 2007;19(1):91-92.
Chturvedi M, Nandan D, Gupta SC. Rapid assessment of immunization practice in Agra district. Indian Journalof Public Health. 2007;51(2):132-134.
Khokhar A, Chitkara A, Talwar R, Sachdev TR, Rasania SK. A study of reasons for partial immunization and non immunization among children aged 12-23 months from an urban community of delhi . Indian J.Prev.Soc.Med.2005;36(4):84-86.
Prabar KM, Kousik C, Debasis D, Debidas G. Child Immunization Coverage o f Some Rural Belt in Relation to Socioeconomic Factors of Jalpaiguri and Darjling district of west Bengal. J Life Sci 2009;1(2):91-95.
Sharma V, Sharma A. is female child being neglected? Immunization in India. 2010
Yadav S, Mangal S, Padhiyar N, Mehata JP, Yadav BS. Evaluvation of immunization Coverage In Urban Slums in Jamnagar. Indian J community Med. 2006;31(4) 300-3001
Nirupam S, Chandra R, Shrivastav VK Sex bias in immunization coverage in urban area of UP. Indian Pediar.1910;27(4):388-4.
Bhola N, Singh JV, Shally A, Vidya B, Vishwajeet K, Singh SK. KAP Study on Immunization of Children in a City of North India. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences.2008;7(1):1-6.
Devivanayagam N, Nedunchelian K, Ashok TP, Mala N. Reasons for Partial /non Immunization With Oral Polio /Triple Antegen Umong Children Under Five Year.Pediatrics.1992;29:1347-1351.
Tushar P, Niraj P. Why infant Miss Vaccination During Routine Immunization Session? Study in a Rural Area of Anand District, Gujrat. Indian Journal of Public Health.2011; 55(4):321-32.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021

Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award:

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23

A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22

A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21

A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20

A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19

A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.

A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17

A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.

A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15

A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14

A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13

A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12

A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11

A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10

A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09

A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08

A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07

A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06

A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05

A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04

A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03

A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02

A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01

A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24

A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23

A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22

A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21

A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20

A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19

A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18

A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17

A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16

A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15

A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14

A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13

A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12

A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11

A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10

A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09

A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08

A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07

A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness

A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health

A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06

A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia

A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05

A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04

A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03

A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02

A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01

A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24

A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23

A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22

A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21

A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20

A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19

A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18

A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17

A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16

A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15

A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020

A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"

A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13

A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 12

A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 11

A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 10

A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 09

A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 08

A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 07

A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20

A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR

A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13

A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR

A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR.

A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award

A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award

RSS feed

IJCRR

EVALUATION OF PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE AND REASONS FOR PARTIAL / NON IMMUNIZATION IN MAHARASHTRA

RSS feed

ABOUT US

Useful links

Useful links

Contact