International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
logo
slider
slider
slider
slider
Bootstrap Slider

Indexed and Abstracted in: Crossref, CAS Abstracts, Publons, Google Scholar, Open J-Gate, ROAD, Indian Citation Index (ICI), ResearchGATE, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat (World's largest network of library content and services)

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 5(17), September, 2013

Pages: 95-101

Date of Publication: 12-Sep-2013


Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

A STUDY OF COMPLICATIONS OF THYROIDECTOMY

Author: Sudarshan Babu K. G., Lakshmi Shantharam

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Introduction: Thyroid surgeries are the most common endocrine surgeries performed today. This procedure has been through tremendous evolution to make it a safe procedure. In spite of improved techniques, every thyroid surgeon has come across complications associated with this surgery. This study aims to understand various complications after thyroid surgeries and the factors responsible for complications and discuss management techniques for those complications in brief. Materials and Methods: 50 patients admitted in our hospital for various thyroid surgeries were followed up from pre operative evaluation to post operative period for appearance of complications. Those with postoperative complications were followed up and managed. Results: 12% patients had transient hypoparathyroidism, 2% had permanent hypoparathyroidism, 4% had temporary RLN palsy and 2% had permanent RLN Palsy. Other rare complications were Superior laryngeal nerve palsy, hematoma, and wound infection. Conclusion: In our study, temporary hypoparathyroidism was the most common complication (12% of the patients operated). Improved surgical techniques during thyroid surgery and efficient methods of complication management have reduced the postoperative morbidity and mortality. In spite of all measures, keen observation in postoperative period is important to look for complications for early intervention.

Keywords: Thyroidectomy, Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve palsy, Hypocalcemia, Complications

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Thyroid surgery is one of the common endocrine surgeries performed today. Thyroid gland is situated in a critical area in the neck surrounded by many vital structures. The complications related to the surgery were very high in olden days. This surgery did not find ready acceptance by Germans and French initially who called these operations “Foolhardy Performances”. 1 Any discussion on thyroid surgeries will be incomplete without the mention of “Theoder Kocher” a magnificent surgeon who reduced the mortality of thyroid surgeries from 50% to less than 4.5% by advocating methodical surgical dissection of the gland.2 Kocher received Nobel prize in the year 1909 for his pioneer work.1 Despite continuous efforts by surgeons all over the world for making this essential surgery free of morbidity, it continues to be an enigma and some kind of complication has become a rule rather than an exception. This study aims to identify various complications arising in thyroid surgery and literature review for factors predisposing for complications and methods of preventing and managing those complications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was conducted at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore and includes 50 patients admitted in the department of surgery wards for various thyroidectomy procedures. The patients requiring thyroid surgery and those willing to undergo surgery and attend follow up were included in the study. It was a prospective observational study. Informed written consent was obtained from all patients, which was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Patients who had complications prior to surgery and those who were lost for follow up were not included in the study. A detailed history was taken and thorough clinical examination was done. Vocal cords assessment was done preoperatively using Videolaryngoscopy and documentation done. Pre operatively the thyroid profile, ultrasound of thyroid and fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid nodule was done along with routine urine and haematological examinations. Depending on the need of the clinical condition the thyroid surgery was planned. The procedures were done under general anaesthesia. All the operations of the present study were done by the same team of surgeons headed by the most senior surgeon of the unit to exclude surgeon related and experience related variables. During surgery effort was made to identify and preserve all the Parathyroid glands. When excision was inevitable, it was planted in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The recurrent laryngeal nerves were not dissected for identification in all cases. Soon after the procedure at the time of extubation, the anaesthesiologists using the videolaryngoscopy demonstrated the mobility of the vocal cords. Patients were followed up for 2 months. If any complication was noticed, that patient was followed up for 1 year. RESULTS 50 patients undergoing various thyroid surgeries were included in the study. Out of them 42 were females and 8 were males constituting 84% and 16% respectively. Majority of the patients were in 4th decade with 19 patients constituting 38%. Benign solitary nodule was the commonest condition in our patients study with 23 patients (46%) in that category. Most common malignant condition detected was papillary carcinoma of thyroid. Surgical procedures performed were hemithyroidectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy, isthmusectomy and total thyroidectomy. Hemithyroidectomy was the commonest procedure done. The same team of surgeons performed all procedures in order to avoid the surgeon related variability. Complications of surgery were looked for during the postoperative visits till 2 months after surgery in all patients. 16 out of 50 patients had one or more complications that amounted to 32%. Those with complications were followed up for 1 year. The commonest complication in our study was hypoparathyroidism. (Table 1) Out of total 50 patients 7 showed features of hypoparathyroidism amounting to total 14% among which 6 had transient hypoparathyroidism(12%) and 1(2%) had permanent hypoparathyroidism. Patient complaints included perioral numbness, tetany of hands (Fig 1) and spasm of calf muscles. They were treated with intravenous Calcium Gluconate injection followed by oral calcium with vit D3 supplements three times a day for 10 days. One patient had symptoms in spite of many days of calcium supplement who was asked to take daily calcium supplement. Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy was noted in 3 patients. 2 had unilateral and 1 patient had bilateral palsy. (Fig 2) Both the patients with unilateral RLN Palsy recovered by 6 months. All the patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy were treated with Inj dexamethasone 8 mg three times a day and speech therapy for vocal cord exercises. One patient had bilateral abductor palsy. He was a patient of thyroiditis with extensive fibrosis and neovascularization. Vocal cords were immobile at the time of extubation and patient developed stridor. Tracheostomy was done. Patient was followed up regularly for recovery of vocal fold movements. After 1 year when there were no signs of recovery of vocal cords, Laser arytenoidectomy was done and patient was decannulated from the tracheostomy tube. Haematoma was seen in 2 (4%) patients. In one patient who underwent isthmusectomy, the drain was not kept as there was a good operative field with very minimal bleeding. Thyroid bandage was applied to approximate the flaps. The haematoma noticed on 1st postoperative day was cleared by wide bore needle aspiration and releasing one suture. One patient (2%) had superior laryngeal nerve palsy and he presented with vocal fatigue and frequent throat clearing. On Videolaryngoscopy, bowing of vocal cords noted. (Fig 3) Patient was treated with steroid injections and vocal exercises were taught. After 15 days, patient showed recovery of vocal cords. 3 patients (6%) had wound infection, which was treated with appropriate antibiotics and regular dressing. One patient developed hypertrophic scar that was treated with intralesional Triamcinolone injection and scar thinning was achieved partially.

DISCUSSION
Thyroid surgery is the most common endocrine surgery performed. Most of the multinodular goiters require excision of both the lobes of thyroid with the isthmus. Subtotal thyroidectomy was a standard practice, but recurrence rate with this procedure is as high as 10-30%. 3 Total thyroidectomy is free of this problem but poses potential high risk of complications. Major complications of thyroidectomy are Hypocalcaemia, Recurrent Laryngeal nerve (RLN) Palsy and postoperative bleeding. Less common complications are surgical site infections stitch sinus, granuloma, keloid formation, wound infection and chylous fistula.2 The prevalence of complications varies from 5-27.5% in various studies. 1 Transient Hypoparathyroidism is the most common complication. (Table 2) 4,5,6,7 Factors responsible for complications: 8,9,1 ? Extended thyroidectomy (total thyroidectomy) ? Revision surgery ? Patients older than 50 years ? Graves disease ? Surgeon`s experience ? Dissection extended to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerve ? Central node neck dissection ? Extended Operating time10 ? Weight of the gland10 ? Substernal goiter with tracheal compression 7 Special surgical training and expertise is required while operating on high-risk conditions like total thyroidectomy and graves disease. The risk of hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery varied in different studies with a range of 2.43% to 35.49%.1 At least two parathyroid glands should be identified and preserved.9 Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism commonly occurs due to removal or devascularization of the parathyroid glands. Parathyroid autotransplantation helps to restore the parathyroid function and avoids the need for prolonged pharmacological support. Overall success rate with the immediate parathyroid autotransplantation into the sternocleidomastoid muscle ranges from 85- 95%.11 Routine supplementation with Oral calcium and vitamin D prevents symptomatic postoperative hypocalcemia without inhibiting the parathormone secretion and thereby facilitating short hospital stay.12 Postoperative vocal cord palsy is defined as the presence of an immobile vocal cord or the decreased movement of the vocal cord during phonation. Postoperative RLN palsy has the potential for recovery with a rate ranging from 50- 88%. The RLN palsy is regarded as permanent if it persists for more than 1 year after the surgery. 10The risk of permanent vocal cord paralysis varies from 0.2-5% in literature.1 Various mechanisms have been suggested for vocal cord palsy associated with thyroidectomy. Compression of the RLN and its blood supply, stretching of the nerve, inflammation or edema of RLN as in thyroiditis are suggested to be the aetiological factors.13 Vocal cord examination is mandatory pre-operatively and postoperatively during extubation. There are different schools of thought for the visualization of recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgery. Some surgeons advocate that intraoperative verification of anatomical and functional integrity of the RLN is important to avoid potential nerve injury and vocal cord palsy. 14 Wade advocated that the RLN is very vulnerable and the nerve should not be visualized or touched.15 Intraoperative nerve monitoring device helps to monitor RLN during surgery by providing both auditory and visual evoked waveform information.14 However the nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve on the right side is always a threat to indirect injury because of its rare occurrence.10 For those nerves cut unintentionally, recognized intraoperatively, endto-end anastomoses of the nerve or Ansa-RLN anastomoses may be tried. Teflon injection and Isshiki type I Thyroplasty are other treatment methods.16 Postoperative hematoma is another complication that can be fatal. Close postoperative monitoring of patient for hematoma is essential. Early exploration and evacuation of hematoma in all patients who develop postoperative hematoma is important, however a conservative approach may be tried in minimal hematoma without progression.17 A Precise tracking of the complications in a thyroid surgery helps surgeon in taking quick remediable action. This analysis helps patients to get correct information prior to surgery to make a conscious and informed decision about the surgery. When residents under training perform thyroidectomy, it can be made safe when done under close supervision of experienced faculty.18

CONCLUSION
Temporary hypoparathyroidism is the most common complication in the literature including our study. R L N Palsy and Haematoma are other dreaded complications. It has been a century since the great surgeon “Theodore Kocher” received Noble prize for his contribution in taking this surgery to a new safe level, but still this procedure continues to pose challenges for the most experienced surgeons also. It is essential to keep in mind the possible complications in this procedure and be prepared to mange them. Good surgical expertise is essential to avoid complications. Keen postoperative monitoring of patient is invaluable and helps in early detection and management of those complications.

References:

1. Sumit Gupta, C Vasu Reddy, Shyam TC, Smriti Karki. Clinicopathological features and complications of thyroid operations: A Single centre experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg (April-June) 2013; 65(2):140-145.

2. Tariq wahab khanzada, Abdul Samad, Waseem Memon, Basanth Kumar. Postthyroidectomy complications: The Hyderabad experience. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2010; 22(1): 65-68.

3. Antorio RZ, Jose Rodriguez, Jaun Riquelme, Teresa Soria, Manuel Canteras, Pascual Parrilla. Prospective study of Postoperative complications after Total Thyroidectomy for Multinodular goityers by surgeons with experience in Endocrine surgery. Ann Surg. 2004 July; 240(1): 18-25.

4. Lodovico Rosato, Nicola Avenia, Paolo Bernante, M Aurizio De Palma, Giuseppe Gulino, Pier Giorgio Nasi et al. Complications of Thyroid surgery: Analysis of a multicentric study on 14,934 patients operated on in Italy over 5 yrs. World Journal of Surgery; March 2004; Vol 2893): 271-276.

5. Shaha A, Jaffe BM. Complications of thyroid surgery performed by residents. Surgery. 1988 Dec; 104(6): 1109-14.

6. JG Fillo, LP Kowalski. Surgical Complications after thyroid surgery performed in a cancer hospital. Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery. Mar 2005; Vol 132(3): 490-494.

7. Wen TS, Electron Kebebew, Quan-yang Duh, Orlo HC. Predictors of Airway Complications After Thyroidectomy for Substernal Goiter. Arch Surg.2004; 139(6): 656-660.

8. Y Erbil, U Barbaros, H Issever, I Borucu, A Salmaslioglu, O Mete et.al. Predictive factors for recurrent laryngeal N plasy and hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery. Clinical otolaryngology; Feb 2007; Vol 32(1): 32-37.

9. Oliver Thomusch, adreas machens, Carsten Sekulla, Michael Brauckhoff, Henning Dralle. The impact of surgical technique on postoperative hypoparathyroidism in bilateral thyroid surgery: A multivariate analysis of 5846 consecutive patients. Surgery; Feb 2003; Vol 133(2): 180-185.

10. Chung-Yau Lo, Ka-Fai Kwok, Po-Wing Yuen. A Prospective Evaluation of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis during Thyroidectomy. Arch Surg. 2000; 135(2): 204-207.

11. Christakis I, Constantinides VA, Tolley NS, Palazzo FF. Parathyroid Autotransplantation during Thyroid Surgery. World J Endocr Surg, Sept-Dec 2012;4(3):115-117.

12. Bellantone R, Lombardi CP, Raffaelli M, Boscherini M, Alesina PF, De Crea C et al. Is Routine supplementation therapy (Calcium with Vitamin D) useful after Total thyroidectomy? Surgery. 2002 Dec; 132(6): 1109-12.

13. Deependra NS, Amit Agarwal, Sushil Gupta, Manoj Jain. Benign thyroid Disease causing RLN Palsy. World J Endocr Surg, May-Aug 2011; 3(2):65-68.

14. Poveda MCD, Dionigi G, Sitgesserra A, Barczynski M, Angelos P, Dralle H etal. Intraoperative Monitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Thyroidectomy: A Standardized Approach part 2. World J Endocr Surg 2012; 4(1): 33-40.

15. JSH Wade. Vulnerability of the recurrent laryngeal nerves at thyroidectomy. Br j Surg, 43(1955), pp 164-179.

16. Feng-Yu Chiang, ling-Feng wang, Yin-Feng Huang, ka-Wo Lee, Wen-Rei Ko.Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroidectomy with routine identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Surgery. Mar 2005; Vol.137 (3): 342- 347.

17. Ashok RS, Bernard MJ. Practical management of post thyroidectomy hematoma. Journal of Surgical Oncology. Dec 1994; Vol 57(4): 235- 238.

18. Maisie LS, Uttam KS, Dale H Rice. Safety of thyroidectomy in residency: A review of 186 consecutive cases; Nov 1995; Vol 105(11): 1173-117




Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


RSS feed

Indexed and Abstracted in


Antiplagiarism Policy: IJCRR strongly condemn and discourage practice of plagiarism. All received manuscripts have to pass through "Plagiarism Detection Software" test before Toto Macau forwarding for peer review. We consider "Plagiarism is a crime"

IJCRR Code of Conduct: To achieve a high standard of publication, we adopt Good Publishing Practices (updated in 2022) which are inspired by guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)

Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



ABOUT US

International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

Contact

148, IMSR Building, Ayurvedic Layout,
        Near NIT Complex, Sakkardara,
        Nagpur-24, Maharashtra State, India

editor@ijcrr.com

editor.ijcrr@gmail.com


Copyright © 2024 IJCRR. Specialized online journals by ubijournal .Website by Ubitech solutions