IJCRR

IJCRR - 5(17), September, 2013

Pages: 24-27

Date of Publication: 12-Sep-2013

A STUDY ON GOITRE - IN A TERITIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Author: C. P. Ganesh Babu, K. Karunakaran

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:A total of 450 cases of Goitre is studied from January 2006 - October 2009 in a tertiary care hospital. Aim: To evaluate the cause and diagnosis of thyroid swelling in MAPIMS. Materials and Methods: All cases were evaluated by performing thyroid function tests, ultrasound neck, FNAC. Patients were classified according to age distribution, gender, according to symptoms of Hypothyroid, Euthyroid, Hyperthyroid Conclusion: More than 60% of the patients were suffering from Physiological Goitre. 15% were solitary nodule, 15% were Multinodular, 5% were Hashimotos, 5% malignancy. In our area most of the patients were suffering from Physiological Goitre due to low usage of iodized salt which is epidemiologically important.

Keywords: Goitre, iodized salt.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Goitre is defined  as enlargement  of  thyroid  gland.  Causes  for  goitre  is  wide  open  from  benign  to  malignant  conditions  (table  1).(1).  Even though  national  health programme  has  been   initiated  in India,  still in  many regions of India   people  use  non  -iodized  salt  only.

MATERIALS  AND  METHODS

A  total  of  450  cases  of  thyroid  swelling  were  studied  in  MAPIMS  from  January  2006  to  October  2009.  Investigations  performed  were  thyroid  function  tests,  ultrasound  thyroid,  fine  needle  aspiration.  Patients  were  classified  according  to  age  distribution,  gender,  and  according  to  symptoms  of  Hypothyroid,  Euthyroid   and  Hyperthyroid.  And  patients  usage  of  iodized  salt  or  not  has  also  been  used  in  the  inclusion criteria.

RESULTS

Age  distribution  was  from  10years  to  70  years  in  our  study.  Most  patients  presented  to  our  out  - patient  were  in  between  10  -  20  years  of  age  (62%),  next  21-  30  years  (14.8%).  (Table  2), (table 3). (R 2,  R 3)

In  female  population  alone  266  cases  were  reported  in  between  age  10  -20  years  ,  54  patients  were  in  the  age  21 – 30  years. (table  4).    In  male  population  ,  more  number  of  cases  were  reported in  the  age group of  31  -  40  years  around  20  cases.(table  5).

According to  the  diagnosis,  physiological  Goitre  cases  were the commonest   271  cases(60.2%).  next  most    common  diagnosis  is  Thyroiditis.(table  6).   Most  of  the  patients  were  either  Hypothyroid  or  Euthyroid.  (table  7). (R  4).   Comparing  the  usage  of  iodized  salt  ,  around  68.89%  (310  cases)  were  not  using  iodized  salt.(  table  8).

DISCUSSION

Our  study   demonstrates   the presence of significant amount of  Physiological goiter in a particular  geographical area inspite of the government agencies  efforts in popularizing the use of iodized salt. 271  cases   (60.22%) of  Goitre  in our  area  is  Physiological  Goitre  due  to  lack  of  health  education  about  iodized  salt.   310  cases  (69.89%)  were  not  using  iodized  salt. In the  271  cases  of  physiological  Goitre    250  cases  were  not  using  iodized  salt  and  the  remaining  21  cases  inspite  of  usage  of  iodized  salt  usage  they  had  Goitre  due  to  low  intake  of  salt. Even though majority of the population is not using iodized salt i.e, iodine deficiency prevalent in the community, why female patients are predominantly suffering from Physiological goiter.

Another paradox in our study, in the male population physiological goiter is more common in the age group of 31-40 years which is not a physiologically active age group when compared to the age group of 10-20 or even 20-30. These are few questions which have to be addressed or atleast debatable in suitable forums.

CONCLUSION

In  our   study  we  have  concluded  that  area  in  and  around  hospital  most  of  the  people  60.22%  were  suffering  from  physiological  Goitre  due  to  lack  of  usage  of  iodized  salt  which  is  epidemiologically  significant.  Hypothyroidism can be prevented from usage of  iodized  salt.

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