IJCRR - 7(2), January, 2015
Pages: 57-60
CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF URINARY CALCULI
Author: Rajesh Narayan
Category: Healthcare
[Download PDF]
Abstract:
Aim: Urolithiasis is a global phenomenon. New frontiers have developed not only on therapeutic lines but also in understanding
process of calculogenesis.
Methodology: Urinary calculi have been analyzed and studied by different techniques with diverse merits and demerits. Urinary
stones are multicomponent system containing mainly crystalline and partially non-crystalline components. Crystallographic
analysis by X-ray diffraction & Polarized Transmission Microscopy yield more information than other techniques.
Result: X-ray diffraction patterns obtained was unique to the particular crystalline constituents with unique diffraction angles,
corresponding “d” value (lattice spacing) and relative line intensities. X-ray diffraction showed a significant difference in detection
of pure stone 36.67% compared to 43.2% on chemical spot test. Polarized transmission microscopy revealed the crystal matrix
inter relationship and architectural design accounted for concentrically laminated 30% followed by plexiform-cum laminated in 13.33% tombstone coffin -lid, compact and crystalline aggregated observed in 10% each.
Conclusion: Crystallographic method of urinary analysis by X-ray Diffraction and Polarized Transmission Microscopy can identity
quickly and certainly different Urates, Oxalates and Phosphates with a certainty that cannot be equaled or attempted by any
other technique. They are considered a reference technique for identification and differentiation of crystals. Identification of the
constituents have bearing in prevention and recurrent of future stone formation.
Keywords: Crystallography, Urinary calculi, X-Ray Diffraction Optical Microscopy, Chemical Spot Test.
Citation:
Rajesh Narayan. CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF URINARY CALCULI International Journal of Current Research and Review. 7(2), January, 57-60
References:
1. Finlayson,B:Symposium on renal lithiasis. Renal lithiasis in review. Uro Clinic North Am.,1:181,1974
2. Carr , R.J: A new theory on the formation of renal calculi. Br.J. Uro, 26:105-117,1954
3. Beeler, M.F;Veith, DA:Analysis of urinary Calculus – Comparison of methods. Am.J.Clin.Patho 1964.
4. Sutor, D.J and WooleyS.E:Composition of urinary calculi by X-Ray Diffraction Br.J. Urology 46,229,1974.
5. AggrawalS.L : Chemical Composition of urinary calculi. Ind.Med.Asso.57,171,1971
6. Rodgers AL et al : A multiple technique approach to the analysis of urinary calculi. Urol. Res. 10:177-184, 1982.
7. Bailey, C.B., : A scanning electron microscope study of siliceous urinary calculi from cattle. Investigative Urology, 10(2) : 178-185, 1972
8. Beeler, M.F., Veith, D.A., Monis, R.H. and Biskind, G.R. : Analysis of Urinary Calculus – comparison of methods. Am. J.Clin. Patho., 41(5) : 553-560, 1964
9. Brien. G, Schubert, G and Bick, C. : 10,000 analysis of urinary calculai using X-ray diffraction and polarizing microscopy. Eur. Urol.., 8:251-258, 1982
10. Hazarika, E.Z., Balakrishna and Rao, B.N. : upper urinary tract calculi analyzed by X-ray diffraction and chemical methods. Indian J.Med. Res., 62:443, 1974
11. Kabra, S.G., Patni, M.K., Sharma, G.C., Banerji, P. and Gaur, S.V. : Urolithiasis : Histochemical study of microscopic section of urinary calculi prepared by petrographic method. Indian J. Surg., 34:309, 1972
12. Kirby, J.K., Pelphrey, C.F. and Roi-Ney, Jr : The analysis of urinary calculi. Am J.Clin. Path, 27:360-362, 1957
13. Malek, R.S. , and Boyce, W.H. : observation on the ultrastructure and genesis of urinary calculi. J. Urol. , 117:336, 1977
14. Winer J.H and Mattice, M.R. : Routine analysis of urinary calculi, rapid, simple method using spot test – J. Lab & Clin Med , 28:898-904, 1943 Quoted by Beeler et at 1964
15. Spector, M.Garden, N.M and Rous, S.N. : ultrastructure and pathogenesis of human urinary calculi. Br. J. Urol.., 50:12- 15, 1978
16. Prien, E.L., Prien, E.L. Jr. : Composition and structure of urinary stone. Am J. Med 45:655, 1988
|