IJCRR - 9(8), April, 2017
Pages: 36-40
Microbial Forensics- Issues and Challenges
Author: Moumita Sinha, I. Arjun Rao
Category: Healthcare
[Download PDF]
Abstract:
Bioterrorism has been known to exist since hundreds of years by utilising microorganisms as weapons. The terrorist attack using anthrax in the fall of 2001 in U.S. highlighted this kind of utilisation of microorganisms. To criminally prosecute with the help of forensic evidence the perpetrator is necessary and such attacks of bioterrorism are very few. A comprehensive technological network is necessary to strengthen defence against bio crimes by acquiring knowledge of various fields needs to be developed. One such new field connected microbiology and scientific science is known as Microbial Forensics. It utilizes advanced molecular methods like DNA microarray examination and DNA fingerprinting and so on to relate the wellspring of the causative specialist with a particular individual or gathering by measuring varieties between related strains. Excellent affirmation and quality control models for microbial legal sciences will guarantee very dependable outcomes that will stand up in the official courtroom. The more exact and refined a microbial framework turns into, the more appropriate rules for examinations will be characterized. An incorporated approach towards building up this field of microbial crime scene investigation should be taken after, to meet the difficulties of bioterrorism all the more successfully.
Keywords: Microbial, Bioterrorism, Forensics, DNA, Fingerprinting
Citation:
Moumita Sinha, I. Arjun Rao. Microbial Forensics- Issues and Challenges International Journal of Current Research and Review. 9(8), April, 36-40
References:
1. Lwoff A. “The concept of virus”. J. Gen. Microbiol.1956; 17 (2); 239–253.
2. Budowle B, Schutzer SE, Einseln A, Kelley LC, Walsh AC, et al. Public health. Building microbial forensics as a response to bioterrorism. Science 2003; 301: 1852–1853.
3. Marshall JC; Gastrointestinal flora and its alterations in critical illness. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 1999; 2: 405–411.
4. Priyabrata Pattnaik, Krisnamurthy Sekhar. Forensics for tracing microbial signatures: Biodefense perspective and preparedness for the unforeseen. Indian Jn of Biotech 2008; 7:23-31.
5. Friedrich Frischknecht, The history of biological warfare, Human experimentation, modern nightmares and lone mad men in the twentieth century; EMBO reports 2003;Vol 4 Special issue.
6. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist.asp. Accessed on January 2nd, 2016.
7. Microbial forensics: A new forensic discipline, Sharad Jain, Ashish Kumar, Pratima Gupta, Ramjee Prasad, Dept. of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun,
JIAFM, 2005; 27 (2).
8. Defining a New Forensic Discipline: Microbal Forensics Bruce Budowle Laboratory Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC, U.S.A. March 2003. www.promega.com. Accessed on Dec 20, 2011
9. Whitby S, Rogers P. Anticrop biological warfare—Implications of the Iraqi and US programmes. Defense Analysis 1997;13: 303–318
10. Whitby SM. The potential use of plant pathogens against crops. Microbes Infect 2001; 3(1):73–80
11. Budowle, Quality sample collection, handling, and preservation for an effective microbial forensics program. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.; 72: 6431-6438.
12. Chakrakodi Narayana Varun, Kuruvilla Thomas S, Furtado Zevita. (2012). Microbial Forensics- Past, Present and Future. International Journal of Biological & Medical Research. Int J Biol Med Res. 2012; 3(2): 1546-1549.
13. Kaur M, Gupte S, Aggarwal P, Manhas A, Bala M ,Mahajan S. (2014). Methods in Microbial Forensics. J Punjab Acad Forensic Med Toxicol ;14(1).
14. Treadwell TA, Koo D, Kuker K and Khan AS. (2003). Epidemiologic clues to bioterrorism. Public Health Rep; 118:92–98.
15. Ronald M. (2004). Atlas. Microbial Forensics- Taking Diagnostic Microbiology to the Next Level. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter. 26, 13
16. National science and technology council (2015) National strategy to support research in microbial forensics attribution investigations and national security.http://www.whitehouse.gov/files/ documents/ostp/NSTC%20 Reports/National%20MicroForensics% 20R&DStrategy%202009%20UNLIMITED%20DISTRIBUTION. pdf. Accessed on Nov 24.
17. Wilmoth BA, Chu MC and Quan TJ (1996) Identification of Yersinia pestis by BBL Crystal Enteric/Nonfermenter Identification System. J Clin Microbiol. (34), 2829-30.
18. Welch TJ, Fricke WF, Mc Dermott P.F,White DG, Rosso ML, Rasko DA et al (2007) Multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk. PLoS One. (2),e309 EOF
19. Jones SW, Dobson ME, Francesconi SC, Schoske R and Crawford R (2005) DNA assays for detection, identification, and individualization of select agent microorganisms. Croat Med J. (46), 522-9.
20. Chanteau S, Rahalison L, Ralafiarisoa L, Foulon J, Ratsitorahina M, Ratsifasoamanana L et al (2003) Development and testing of a rapid diagnostic test for bubonic and pneumonic plague. Lancet. (361), 211-6
21. Mizanbayeva S, Smits HL, Zhalilova K, Abdoel TH, Kozakov S aand Ospanov KS (2009) The evaluation of a user-friendly lateral flow assay for the serodiagnosis of human brucellosis in Kazakhstan. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. (65), 14-20.
22. Splettstoesser W, Guglielmo-Viret V, Seibold E and Thullier (2010) Evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for rapid and reliable serodiagnosis of human tularemia and detection of Francisella tularensis-specific antibodies in sera from different mammalian species. J Clin Microbiol. (48), 1629-34
23. Tomaso H, Thullier P, Seibold E, Guglielmo V, Buckendahl A, Rahalison L et al (2007) Comparison of hand-held test kits, immunofluorescence microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometric analysis for rapid presumptive identification of Yersinia pestis. J Clin Microbiol, (45):3404-7.
24. Gonzalez-Candelas F, Bracho M.A, Moya A (2003) Molecular epidemiology and forensic genetics: application to a hepatitis C virus transmission event at a hemodialysis unit. J Infect Dis. (187), 352-8.
25. Van Belkum A, Tassios PT, Dijkshoorn L, Haeggman S, Cookson B, Fry N.K et al (2007) Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology. Clin Microbiol. (3), 1-46.
26. Tomaso H and Neubauyer H (2011) Forensic Microbiology. In: Vieira D.N (ed), Forensic Medicine-From old problems to new challenges, Intech.
27. Bruce Budowle (2008) Criteria for validation of methods in microbial forensics, Applied And Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 74, No. 18, P. 5599–5607.
28. Bhatia Mohit, Mishra Bibhabati, Thakur Archana, Dogra Vinita, Loomba Poonam Sood (2016) Concept of Forensic Microbiology and its Applications. SMU Medical Journal. Volume – 3, No. 1.v
|