IJCRR - 5(2), January, 2013
Pages: 58-65
ANALYSIS OF Por AND TbpB GENES OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL MOLECULAR SIGNATURE FOR DETECTING RAPE ACCUSED
Author: Arvind Kumar Rajan, Dhairyawant Kushwaha, Vijay Kumar, Gireesh Babu K.
Category: Healthcare
[Download PDF]
Abstract:
Sexually transmitted infections are a major public health problem. The French laboratories participated on voluntary basis in the RENAGO (Réseau National du Gonocoque) network and sent all of their collected strains to the National Reference Center for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Gonorrhoea, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, remains one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), causing cervicitis, urethritis, ano-rectitis, and conjunctivitis of the newborn. Over the last few years, the number of gonorrhoea cases has increased regularly in many European countries (Fenton, K. A., and C. M. Lowndes. 2004). Since the first report of tetracycline resistance in 1985, gonococci that are resistant to tetracycline have spread globally, coexisting chromosomally and plasmid-mediated resistanc isolates (Starnino, S., A. Neri, and P. Stefanelli. 2008.). At present, there is no effective vaccine against N. gonorrhoeae. The control of gonococcal infections depends on in pursuing of our populations at risk, on public health measures to limit the spread of infection, and on early intervention to treat infected individuals. Any kind of methods have been used for molecular epidemiology studies of N. gonorrhoea. Some of these methods are based on growth requirements for specific nutrients, antibiotic susceptibility, differences in multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and serological reactivity against surface antigens. Because the above approaches present several limitations, molecular typing methods have been developed with improved discrimination among gonococcal isolates. Of the currently available sequence-based methods, N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) is one of the most useful because it generates a simple numerical sequence type (ST) based on the combined sequences of two genes (por and tbpB). In addition, an internationally accessible web database allows strain comparison worldwide (Martin, I. M., S. Hoffmann, and C. A. Ison 2006).
Citation:
Arvind Kumar Rajan, Dhairyawant Kushwaha, Vijay Kumar, Gireesh Babu K.. ANALYSIS OF Por AND TbpB GENES OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL MOLECULAR SIGNATURE FOR DETECTING RAPE ACCUSED International Journal of Current Research and Review. 5(2), January, 58-65
References:
1. Choudhury, B., Risley, C. L., Ghani, A. C., Bishop, C. J., Ward, H., Fenton, K. A., Ison, C. A. & Spratt, B. G. (2006). Identification of individuals with gonorrhoea within sexual networks: a population based study. Lancet 368, 139–146.
2. Fenton, K. A., and C. M. Lowndes. 2004. Recent trends in the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in the European Union. Sex. Transm. Infect. 80:255-263. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P MC1744866/
3. Gallay, A., A. Bouyssou-Michel, F. Lassau, B. Basselier, P. Sednaoui, and Laboratoires du Réseau Renago. 2008. Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in France in 2006: significant progression in women and persistent increase of ciprofloxacin resistance. Bull. Epidémiol. Hebdomadaire 5- 6:33-36. (In French.)
4. Hanage, W. P., Fraser, C. & Spratt, B. G. (2005). Fuzzy species among recombinogenic bacteria. BMC Biol 3, 6–13.
5. Ison, C. A. (1998). Genotyping of N. gonorrhoeae. Curr Opin Infect Dis 11, 43–46.
6. Ison, C., C. M. Bellinger, and J. Walker. 1986. Homology of cryptic plasmid of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with plasmids from Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica. J. Clin. Pathol. 39:1119–1123.
7. Jenny, C. (1992). Sexually transmitted diseases and child abuse. Pediatr Ann 21, 497–503.
8. Liao, M., K. Bell, W. M. Gu, Y. Yang, N. F. Eng, W. Fu, L. Wu, C. G. Zhang, Y. Chen, A. M. Jolly, and J. A. Dillon. 2008. Clusters of circulating Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains and association with antimicrobial resistance in Shanghai. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61:478-487.
9. Lum, G., Freeman, K., Nguyen, N. L., Limnios, E. A., Tabrizi, S. N., Carter, I., Chambers, I. W., Whiley, D. M., Sloots, T. P.& other authors (2005). A cluster of culture positive gonococcal infections but with false negative cppB gene based PCR. Sex Transm Infect 81, 400–402.
10. Martin, I. M., S. Hoffmann, and C. A. Ison. 2006. European Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections (ESSTI): the first combined antimicrobial susceptibility data for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Western Europe. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 58:587-593
11. Martin I. M. C., Ellie Foreman, Vicky Hall, Anne Nesbitt, Greta Forster and Catherine A. Ison (2007). Non-cultural detection and molecular genotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from a piece of clothing. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 56, 487–490.
12. Martin, I. M. C., Ison, C. A., Aanensen, D. M., Fenton, K. A. & Spratt, B. G. (2004). Rapid sequence-based identification of gonococcal transmission clusters in a large metropolitan area. J Infect Dis 189, 1497– 1505.
13. Newman, L. M., J. S. Moran, and K. A. Workowski. 2007. Update on the management of gonorrhea in adults in the United States. Clin. Infect. Dis. 44(Suppl. 3):S84-S101.
14. Neinstein, L. S., Goldenring, J. & Carpenter, S. (1984). Nonsexual transmission of sexually transmitted diseases: an infrequent occurrence. Pediatrics 74, 67–76.
15. Perez-Losada, M., K. A. Crandall, J. Zenilman, and R. P. Viscidi. 2007. Temporal trends in gonococcal population genetics in a high prevalence urban community. Infect. Genet. Evol. 7:271-278.
16. Palmer, H. M., Mallinson, H., Wood, R. L. & Herring, A. J. (2003). Evaluation of the specificities of five DNA amplification methods for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Microbiol 41, 835–837.
17. Starnino, S., A. Neri, and P. Stefanelli. 2008. Molecular analysis of tetracycline-resistant gonococci: rapid detection of resistant genotypes using a real-time PCR assay. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 286:16-23.
18. Smith, D. W., Tapsall, J. W. & Lum, G. (2005). Guidelines for the use and interpretation of nucleic acid detection tests for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Australia: a position paper on behalf of the Public Health Laboratory Network. Commun Dis Intell 29, 358–365.
19. Tabrizi, S. N., S. Chen, M. A. Cohenford, B. B. Lentrichia, E. Coffman, T. Schultz, J. W. Tapsall, and S. M. Garland. 2004. Evaluation of real time polymerase chain reaction assays for confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical samples tested positive in the Roche Cobas Amplicor assay. Sex. Transm. Infect. 80:68–71.
20. Use of DNA in Identification. Accessexcellence.org. Retrieved 2010-04-03.
21. Ward, H., Ison, C. A., Day, S. E., Martin, I. M., Ghani, A. C., Garnett, G. P., Bell, G., Kinghorn, G. & Weber, J. N. A. (2000). A prospective social and molecularinvestigation of gonococcal transmission. Lancet 356, 1812–1817.
22. Whiley, D. M., J. W. Tapsall, and T. P. Sloots. 2006. Nucleic acid amplification testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. An ongoing challenge. J. Mol. Diagn. 8:3–14.
23. Whiley, D. M., S. M. Garland, G. Harnett, G. Lum, D. W. Smith, S. N. Tabrizi, T. P. Sloots, and J. W. Tapsall. 2008. Exploring “best practice” for nucleic acid detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sex. Health 5:12–23.
24. Whiley, D. M., Tapsall, J. W. & Sloots, T. P. (2006). Nucleic acid amplification testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an ongoing challenge. J Mol Diagn 8, 3–15.
|