International Journal of Current Research and Review
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IJCRR - 6(18), September, 2014

Pages: 16-23

Date of Publication: 21-Sep-2014


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STUDY ON ORIGIN, COURSE, BRANCHING PATTERN AND MORPHOMETRY OF SPLENIC ARTERY AND ITS BRANCHES SUPPLYING THE SPLEEN-A CADAVERIC STUDY

Author: Gangadhara, Rajasekhar P., Hemasankar C.

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Abstract:Objectives: 1.To measure the length of splenic artery and its branches supplying the spleen till they enter the hilum. 2. To note the origin and course of the splenic artery. 3. To note type of branching pattern of the splenic artery and occurrence of polar artery. Methods: Splenic artery & its branches supplying spleen were dissected neatly, traced till the hilum and measured with the digital vernier calliper. Other branches of splenic artery were not considered in the study. Results: Mean length of the splenic artery trunk was 7.45cms (Range: 2-11cm), lobar artery 3.24cms (Range: 1.2-8cms), segmental artery 1.21cms (Range: 0.4- 3cms), trabecular artery 0.59cm (Range: 0.3-2.5cms). The splenic artery trunk was bifurcated in 80 %( 24), trifurcated in 16.66 % ( 5) and quadrifurcated in 3.3 %( 1). Lobar artery was bifurcated in 63.33%, trifurcated in 33.33% and quadrifurcated in 3.33%. Segmental artery was bifurcated in 93.33% and trifurcated in 6.66%. In All the specimens the splenic artery was arising from coeliac trunk. 63.3 %( 19) of specimens showed supra-pancreatic course and 36.6 % (11) showed retro-pancreatic course of splenic artery. 26.6 %( 8) of specimens showed only superior polar artery, 36.6 %( 11) showed only inferior polar artery, 16.6 %( 5) showed both polar arteries and 20 %( 6) of specimens has no polar artery. Conclusions: knowledge of vascular supply for the spleen is very important for the surgeons during partial resections of spleen and it is also important for radiologist for performing preoperative arteriography and splenic artery embolization..

Keywords: Spleen, Splenic artery, Splenic segments, Partial splenectomy, Splenic artery thromboembolism

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
The spleen is exclusively supplied by the splenic artery. This is the largest branch of coeliac axis and its course is among the most tortuous in the body. It runs along the superior border of the pancreas in the posterior aspect of the border. It runs as multiple loops or coils. The splenic artery lies anterior to the left kidney and left suprarenal gland. It runs in through splenorenal ligament posterior to the tail of the pancreas and divides in to two or three main branches before entering the hilum of spleen. These branches enter the hilum and they divide further into four or five segmental arteries. These vessels each supply a segment of the splenic tissue. There is little collateral circulation between the segments which means that occlusion of a segmental vessel often leads to infarction of part of the spleen1 . Once the thought was spleen had no major role in sustaining life, but now it is known that the two most important activities of spleen in humans. The phagocytic and immune, derive from its peculiar structure, when it comes to its cellular composition and richness of its irrigation. The spleen cells belong to the lymphoid tissue and to the mononuclear phagocyte system2 . Now a days spleen preserving surgeries like partial splenectomy, segmental resection are upcoming procedures because the spleen is very important to lead infections free life. Therefore the Knowledge of extra parenchymal branching pattern of splenic artery, different levels of its division and their measurements, especially of length of terminal branches/ trabecular arteries/ polar arteries which in other way denotes distance of artery from visceral surface of spleen is very important for surgeons/ radiologists to perform devascularisation of particular part of the spleen to perform partial splenectomy so that, spleen can be preserved3 . Intrasplenic avascular demarcation between the segments is yet to be found perfectly, so that the partial splenectomy can be done with minimal blood loss, and methods for normal functioning of retained spleen after partial resection is yet to be found. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 cadavers which were embalmed properly using 10% formalin solution, following standard technique were used for the study. The splenic artery was exposed during routine dissection for the 1st MBBS students in the dissection hall, department of anatomy PESIMSR, Kuppam over a period of 3 years. The artery was exposed after cutting the greater omentum and lifting the stomach as a whole. Meticulous dissection was done to separate the celiac trunk from its surrounding dense nerve plexus. The splenic artery was identified which was arising from celiac trunk in all the cases. The artery was traced down from its origin till its branches enter in to the hilum of spleen. The artery was separated from the pancreas, adjacent structures and ligaments for the clear view. All other branches of splenic artery were identified which were cut and separated. The artery and its branches concerned with supplying only spleen were painted with red enamel paint from its origin, till its branches enters into the hilum of the spleen, dried and later photographed immediately. The following parameters were studied: 1. The length of the trunk of splenic artery from its origin from celiac trunk till its branching into primary branches/ lobar arteries 2. Length of the primary branch/lobar artery from its origin till it divides into secondary/segmental arteries 3. Length of the secondary/segmental artery from its origin till it divides into tertiary/sub segmental/ trabecular artery at the hilum of spleen 4. Length of the tertiary/sub segmental/trabecular artery from its origin till it enters into the splenic substance 5. Branching pattern of splenic artery trunk, lobar artery, segmental artery and trabecular artery 6. Percentage of occurrence of lobar artery, segmental artery and trabecular artery 7. Origin of splenic artery 8. Type of Course of the splenic artery 9. Percentage of occurrence of polar artery Measurements were done by using the digital vernier callipers and immediately noted in the preformed proforma. The rough outline of the branching pattern in each specimen was drawn separately on the paper immediately and preserved for further reference and noted the length of splenic artery, lobar artery, segmental artery and trabecular artery on the sketch of the specimen drawn. Statistical analysis Simple statistical analysis was done by using Microsoft excel sheet. Mean, range and percentage of each parameter were calculated. RESULTS We have done the study over three years, which includes sample size 30 cadavers (10 cadavers per year). 1. Length of splenic artery trunk, lobar artery, segmental artery and trabecular artery (Table: 1) Mean length of splenic artery was 7.45 cms and range 2-11 cms. Mean length of the lobar artery was 3.24 cms and range 1.2 – 8 cms. Mean length of segmental artery was 1.21 cms and range 0.4-3 cms. Mean length of trabecular artery was 0.59cms and range 0.3-2.5cms. 2. Branching pattern of splenic artery trunk, lobar artery, segmental artery and trabecular artery (Tables: 2 and 3) Splenic artery trunk was bifurcated in 24 (80%) specimens (i.e. shows 2 lobar arteries), trifurcated in 5 (16.66%) specimens (i.e. shows 3 lobar arteries), and quadrifurcated in 1 (3.3%) specimen (i.e. shows 4 lobar arteries). Lobar artery was bifurcated in 19 (63.33%) specimens, trifurcated in 10 (33.33%) and quadrifurcated in 1 (3.3%) of specimens. The segmental artery was bifurcated in 28 (93.33%) and trifurcated in 2 (6.66%) of specimens. These values are shown in table no. 3. Percentage occurrence of segmental arteries (Table: 4) In only 1(3.3%) specimen we found that only 2 segmental arteries were present. in 18 (60%) specimens we found 4 segmental arteries supplying the spleen. 6 (20%) specimens were showing 5 segmental arteries in total. In 4 (13.3%) specimens we found 6 segmental arteries and in only 1 (3.3%) specimen we found 7 segmental arteries. 4. Percentage occurrence of origin, course of splenic artery and polar branches of splenic artery (Table: 5) In All the specimens the splenic artery was arising from coeliac trunk. 19 (63.3 %) specimens shows supra-pan-creatic course and 11 (36.6 %) specimens shows retropancreatic course of splenic artery. 8 (26.6 %) specimens shows only superior polar artery, 11 (36.6 %) specimens shows only inferior polar artery, 5 (16.6 %) specimens shows both polar arteries and 6 (20 %) specimens has no polar artery. Special observations: 1. In one specimen two lobar arteries are directly entering in to the spleen and one lobar artery dividing into two segmental arteries which are directly entering into the spleen without dividing into trabecular arteries. 2. In another specimen one lobar artery directly entering into the spleen and two lobar arteries are dividing into two segmental arteries each which in turn divided into two trabecular arteries each and enters into the hilum of spleen DISCUSSION Embryologically, Ventral splanchnic arteries are originally paired vessels. After fusion of the dorsal aortae they merge as unpaired trunks that are supplied to the viscera with the advent of longitudinal anastomotic channels(dorsal channel persists as gastroepiploic, pancreatico duodenal and marginal arteries of large gut; ventral channel persists as right and left gastric arteries). Numerous ventral splanchnic branches joined together and persist as celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery4 . Morita hypothesised that celiac trunk is formed by union of 1st, 2nd and 3rd root along with longitudinal anastomotic artery. 1st root corresponds with left gastric artery, 2nd root with splenic artery and 3rd root with common hepatic artery5 . Splenic artery usually arises from the celiac trunk. But sometimes it even arises from abdominal aorta directly around 1.3% of cases6, 7, 8. And sometimes it arises along with hepatic and superior mesenteric artery as a common trunk9, 10. Shoumura et al have found in their study that splenic artery was arising in common with gastric artery as gastroleinal trunk in 4 cases out of 184 cases; they also found in one case, the splenic artery was arising in common with superior mesenteric trunk as spleenomesenteric trunk11. Pandey S K et al have found that the splenic artery was arising from the celiac trunk in 90.6%, abdominal aorta in 8.1% and either from common hepatic artery or superior mesenteric artery in 1.3%12. Sometimes it even arises from superior mesenteric artery (2%) and sometimes it arises in common with left gastric artery forming gastroleinal trunk (2%) 13. In our study the splenic artery was arising from the celiac trunk in all the cases. Splenic artery runs as multiple loops or coils, one of the most tortuous arteries in the body. It runs along the superior border of the pancreas in the posterior aspect of the border, behind the omental bursa, and passes between the two layers of the splenorenal ligament to reach the hilum1, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. The course can be named as supra pancreatic and retro pancreatic based on major part of splenic artery running above or behind the pancreas. Splenic artery has shown supra pancreatic course in 68% and retro pancreatic course in 32% of specimens study conducted by ashoka et al13. In our study splenic artery has shown supra pancreatic course in 63.3% (19 specimens) and retro pancreatic course in 36.3% (11 specimens) of specimens. Pandey S K et have found supra pancreatic course in 74.1%, intrapancreatic course in 4.6%, anteropancreatic course in 18.5%, and retropancreatic course in 2.8%12. Muzaffer Sindel et al have divided the course of the splenic artery in to four segments. Supra pancreatic segment is between the origin of splenic artery and pancreas, pancreatic segment is most tortuous part and extends along a groove located on the posterosuperior surface of pancreas, prepancreatic segment which crosses the upper border of the pancreas and finally prehilar segment lies between the pancreatic tail and the splenic hilum20. The splenic artery divides in to 2 main branches which are superior and inferior primary branches21. Some authors even mentioned the primary branches as upper and lower polar arteries. These branches travel in radial direction and dissection in parallel to the vessels make partial splenectomy possible22. some authors even named the primary branches in to superior and inferior segmental arteries and supplies its own segment of spleen and even mentions that the superior and inferior segments of spleen are separated by a avascular plane perpendicular to the long axis of the spleen15. Some authors even mentioned that the splenic artery divides in to 2-3 primary main branches1, 19. Daisy Sahni et al have named the primary main branches of splenic artery as lobar arteries23

Results of our study are slightly low compared to other studies but we have seen the Quadrifurcation of splenic artery showing the spleen can have up to 4 lobes. Further the lobar artery divides into 4-5 or several segmental arteries and each supply a segment of splenic tissue1, 21, 23. And even mentions there is little collateral circulation at the segmental level and and occlusion of one of these arteries usually is associated with infarction of the corresponding region of the spleen1, 19. Further ahead it is mentioned that these segmental arteries divide into trabecular arteries with no collateral circulation19. In our study we have observed the branching of splenic artery slight differently. The splenic artery was dividing mainly in to lobar arteries. Lobar arteries were in turn divided into segmental arteries and most importantly in most of the specimens the segmental artery was dividing into trabecular arteries outside the splenic parenchyma, at hilum before entering into the spleen. And there was little anastomosis between the segmental arteries but never between trabecular arteries. We have found the splenic artery dividing into 2-4 lobar arteries. We have seen the lobar artery bifurcation, trifurcation and even Quadrifurcation. And we have observed origin of 2-7 segmental arteries on an average (Table 2 and 4).the segmental arteries were bifurcating and trifurcating and giving around 2-8 trabecular arteries. It shows that spleen consists of 2-4 lobes and 2-7 segments supplied by a separate arterial segment. Some authors even mention differently that the splenic artery after reaching the splenic hilum divides in to 5-8 terminal branches and enters into the spleen, without mentioning the different levels of branching pattern of splenic artery14, 16, 17. Splenic artery branching pattern can be even classified in to two different types. Distributed type which is most common around 70%, distinguished by short trunk and too long branches entering in to the spleen and magistral/bundled type which is less common type, around 30%, where the splenic artery has got long trunk and short branches arises at hilum and enters the spleen18, 27, 28. Similar results were found in our study. Karl H Truetner et al has found distributed type around 84% and magistral type in rest24. Similarly ashoka et al have found distributed type in 54% and magistral type in 34% but have found the splenic artery entering without branching in 12%13. A vessel is considered polar artery if it is penetrating the upper/ lower pole of spleen without entering the hilum, it may be superior polar artery or inferior polar artery29. Katritsis E et al have found polar arteries arising from the trunk of splenic artery or from its primary branch25. Segments of the spleen are supplied by polar arteries known as polar segments30.

Liana Ferreira et al has classified the polar arteries in to two varieties based on their artery of origin. Polar artery type I- collateral branch of the splenic artery originated prior to their terminal division being long and relatively wide, directed to one of these spleen extremities. Polar type II artery- secondary/ tertiary branch of terminal division of the splenic artery, being short and thinner, also directed to one pole of the spleen. They have found the occurrence of polar artery type I in 10%, polar artery type II in 28.3% and polar artery type I and type II together in 8.3% of specimens3 . So there is no uniform description of branching pattern of splenic artery is mentioned in the standard text books, that need to be updated for proper understanding of splenic artery anatomy as well spleen The length of the splenic artery from its origin to dividing into lobar arteries is 76.5mm in males and with a slight difference in females around 76.05mm23. Ashoka et al have found the length of splenic artery < 8cms- 10%, 8.1-9cms – 34%, 9.1-10cms – 44%, 10.1- 11cms – 06%, >11.1 cms- 06% of specimens13. Jauregui E et al have mentioned the average length of the splenic artery is 10.6cms32. In our study we have found the mean length of the splenic artery 7.45cms and range is 2-11cms. We have even measured the length of lobar arteries, segmental arteries and trabecular arteries (Table:1). Length of terminal branches/ trabecular artery mentioned by Liana Ferreira et al is Ave- 2.89cms, range 1.04-5.05cms3 and which is slightly higher the length we found in our study. Terminal branches are the branches from the segmental arteries which enter into the splenic tissue at hilum.

 

CONCLUSIONS
The spleen is very important organ physiologically which is very important for the maintenance of human immunity function. Spleen has to be retained without removing it completely whenever there is possibility. The knowledge of origin, course, length and branching pattern of splenic artery is very important for interpreting colour Doppler and arteriography of upper abdomen and also for performing the splenic artery embolism which is done preoperatively to reduce vascularity of spleen. The splenic artery embolism is also done sometimes alternative to the surgery for preserving the spleen in nonoperative splenic injuries. The knowledge of segmental vascular anatomy of spleen including polar segments is very important for the limited resection/partial resection of the spleen. We being anatomists feel proud to provide the findings of our study on splenic artery anatomy, its different branching pattern, morphometry of the artery and its branches will be a supplement to the existing knowledge and it is very useful for the surgeons and radiologists.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors / editors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

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A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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