International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 7(5), March, 2015

Pages: 30-33

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STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Author: Meenakshi Khapre, Smrutiranjan Naik, Abhay Mudey

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Introduction: The vision of Occupational health and safety (OHS) is to create better, healthier and more competitive workplaces for sustainable development of health institutions. .Hospitals provides wide range of services due to which health workers are exposed to list of potential hazards. As there are millions of health workforces it is necessary to protect this vulnerable group and promote their health. This study was done to know the awareness and attitude towards the safety programme. Method: Study population includes 3 professions i.e. 10 % of total doctors, nurses and attendants. Data was collected by structured questionnaire and descriptive analysis was done. Result: Doctors were aware that occupational safety as employees, employers and third party welfare while nurses and attendants define it as just employees and employers welfare. 68.5% of attendants, 83.3% of doctors and 94.4% of nurses have favourable attitude towards protective devices. Very few nurses and attendants were aware of infection control committee in the hospital. Less than one third of doctors, 25.9% of nurses and 18.5% of attendants have suffered with injury in the hospital of which 91% have reported it. They believe that mostly the accidents were due to lack of safety equipments or lack of training. Conclusion: Awareness regarding occupational health and safety was poor among the hospital staff.

Keywords: Occupational safety, Health, Doctors, Nurses, Attendants

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Every person indulge in any type of occupation is exposed to some or other risk which if not taken care off at early stage will further mount to disease. [1] Workplace-related health impairments, injuries and illnesses cause great human suffering and incur high costs, both for those affected and for society as a whole. The vision of Occupational health and safety (OHS) is to create a better, healthier and more competitive workplaces where managers and workers discuss work processes together in a continuous improvement process including all related risks and possible measures for improvements. Optimal occupational safety results from a continuous proactive process of anticipating, identifying, designing, implementing, and evaluating risk-reduction practices. [2] Hospitals plays an integral role in health care for inpatients, nosocomial infection control, evacuation plans for emergencies and natural disaster , and maintenance in the hospital kitchen, also concerned with environment protection through their waste (contaminated) management strategy. As a results the list of potential hazards includes radiation, toxic chemicals, biological, heat, noise, dusts and psychological (stress). Along with health care workers, community also directly or indirectly are at substantial risk of these hazards. Thus Occupational Health and Safety issues relating to the personal safety and protection of its workers are a very important. According to World Health Organisation estimates, there are 59.8 million HCWs worldwide. About two-thirds of them (39.5 million) provide health services; the other one-third (19.8 million) are management and support workers, which includes those working in ancillary Departments such as Laundry, Dietary, Central store and Supply division (CSSD), Laboratory, Mortuary, Ambulance Services and Administrative Departments. [3]. In India as per estimates there were 2.17 million health workforces in 2005. [4] It is very essential to protect this vulnerable group and promote their health by educating employers, employees and the community on occupational health and safety (OHS). The first step to protect health workers and community is to improve their practice at workplace. Hence this study was planned to assess or to study their knowledge and attitude towards occupational safety.

METHOD

A hospital based cross-sectional Study was conducted in Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital (A.V.B.R.H.) a 950 bedded rural tertiary hospital of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (DMIMS) during February to April 2014. A list of working staff was procured from health resource department. 10% of total number of doctors, nurses and attendants (at least 1% from each department) working in AVBRH were randomly selected. Data was collected in a predesigned structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Spreadsheet.

RESULTS

Total 151 health personnel (41 doctors, 56 nurses, 54 attendants) were recruited in study. About 80 % of nurses were female while 46 % and 42 % were female doctors and attendants as given in Table 1. Barring Doctors (69%) more than half of nurses and attendants had experience of more than 5 years. (fig1). 80 % and 76 % of doctors and nurses were working in surgical/maternity/ medical/paediatrics ward while attendants were widely distributed in other support department too like laundry, kitchen, administration etc. (Fig 2) 47.6% of doctors understand occupational safety as employees, employers and third parties welfare while other health personnel consider it to be for their and employers safety only. (Fig 3). Proper disposal of waste and protective clothing were only considered as safety measures by most of health personnel. Very few attendants were aware of training, monitoring, reporting of accidents as depicted in Table 2. 68.5% of attendants, 83.3% of doctors and 94.4% of nurses felt that protective clothing is necessary as given in fig 4. It is given in fig 5 that 18.5%, 26 % and 31 % of attendants, nurses and doctors reported injury / infection in hospital and more than 90 % of them reported it to Infection control committee (ICC). Fig 6 depicts, Lack of training and safety equipment to be the main cause of injury according to health personnel. . More than half of nurses and attendants and 26 % of doctors not aware of existence of ICC in hospital (fig7).

DISCUSSION

The present study was conducted on various categories of hospital staff to know their outlook towards the occupational health and safety measures. The representative from each department of hospital was included in study population. OSH benefits the employee by promoting the improvement of the working environment in order to give greater protection to the health and safety of workers. The employee is benefitted by having the low staff turnover rate, absenteeism and good reputation in society. While the community is benefited by Promoting public health,. Increasing commitment to quality assurance. Most of the staffs consider it to be only limited to employee and employers while very few were aware of third party welfare. All the safety measures are equally important but only half of the health workers (nurse and attendants) perceive proper disposal of waste and protective clothing as safety precaution while other were considered as safety measures by only 5 % - 27 %. Doctors were better aware of safety measures than others. Only 68 % of attendants consider the necessity of protective equipments, though they are most exposed to risk. Almost all of those injured or infected informed the infection control committee and started the prophylaxis or treatment. Trainings of OHS in hospitals are mostly organized for nurses or doctors. Safety equipments are inadequate in quantity. The OHS is not implemented, monitored and supervised properly. More than half of nurses and attendants were unaware of Infection Control Committee. The pre placement and refreshers training is not organized frequently, at definite time. Employers, including the government, are required to provide information for employees to ensure that current legislative requirements are known, and that relevant, up-to-date information is given regarding all identified hazards and their control. [5,6] Staff members need to be aware of policies and procedures for appropriate management of exposures. ICC manual and protocol should be displayed and known to working staff.

CONCLUSION

Awareness regarding occupational health and safety is poor among the hospital staff and as a result there is no felt need for proper implementation of OHS and ICC. . Nurses, doctors and attendants feel that by organising safety training as part of orientation on first employment and by using protective clothing we can certainly improve the infection control in the hospital. Recommendations: Pre placement training and refreshers training for all the hospital staffs including the attendants has to be organised at regular interval. The OHS should be properly implemented, monitored and supervised in accordance with relevant national and international laws and regulations to eliminate or minimize the risk at work and their safety and health is protected 

Source of funding: Nil

Conflict of interest: None

Acknowledgement:

Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. Authors are also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed

References:

1. Dunmire T. What is occupational safety and health? OHSAS 18001 Expert Blog, 2007 July 11. Available from: http:// www.ohsas18001expert. com/2007/07/11/what-is-occupational-safety-health/. [Last accessed on 2014 Sep 03]

2. National Safety Council. Occupational safety terms and concepts. Available from: http://www.nsc.org/resources/ issues/safetyknow/safety_terms.aspx. [Last accessed on 2014 Sep 14]

3. World Health Organisation. The World Health Report 2006, Working Together for Health: Health Workers a Global Profile. Geneva: WHO Press; 2006. p. xvii-xviii. Available from: http://www.who.int/whr/2006/chapter 1/en/index.html. [Last accessed on 2014 Aug 30].

4. Rao KD, Bhatnagar A, Berman P. India’s health work force: Size, composition and distribution. India Health Beat 2009; 1(3). Available at http://www.hrhindia.org/ assets/ images/HRH% 20Policy%20 Note3.pdf (accessed on 9 February 2014)

5. Occupational health and safety risks in the healthcare sector, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2011, pg 17

6. Shilla, C.P.N. (1995) The power of information. African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety 5, 3.

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One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
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A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
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A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
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A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
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A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
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A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
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A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
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A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
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A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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