International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
logo
slider
slider
slider
slider
Bootstrap Slider

Indexed and Abstracted in: Crossref, CAS Abstracts, Publons, Google Scholar, Open J-Gate, ROAD, Indian Citation Index (ICI), ResearchGATE, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat (World's largest network of library content and services)

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 12(23), December, 2020

Pages: 185-188

Date of Publication: 07-Dec-2020


Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

Refractive Error in Children

Author: Hina Y. Rodge, Shalini Lokhande

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Refractive error may occur if the eye fails to precisely focus a light beam from an element onto the retinal surface. The resulting image perceived by the individual is blurred and correction of the refraction is required to see clearly. Refractive deficiency is often known as \"Short or Near-sightedness\", hypermetropia or hyperopia often called \"Long or Far-sightedness\", presbyopia and astigmatism. Vision is vital in the development of the children as it enables children to engage with their atmosphere. The eyesight of pre-school children is vitally important since their sensory system continues to be developing and that they are danger of developing Amblyopia or Anisometropia. Additionally, refraction Defects are risk factors for different Ocular diseases. Uncorrected refraction errors are a significant reason for visual disablement and can result in productivity loss. Refractive error has been identified among vision problems alongside cataract, trachoma, onchocerciasis and childhood blindness, the diagnosis and treatment of which will offer tremendous savings and socioeconomic growth. About 150 million individuals worldwide have a visual disability due to uncorrected Refractive Error, 8 million of who are practically blind. In the year 2010, The refractive error impacted 1.45 billion men or 27% of the world's population. By 2020, it is reported that only myopia will impact 2.5 billion individuals or one per cent of the population worldwide. Childhood Visual Impairment is amongst the common issues of school-age kids due to refractive error and the second most significant cause of treatable blindness.

Keywords: Refractive error, Risk factors, Children, Myopia, Hypermetropia

Full Text:

Introduction

The human eye is a magnificent organ that gives us the sense of sight that allows us to see and know more about the world around us than we do with any of the other four senses. The learning target starts in infancy and the quality of a child's vision will have a significant effect on his / her ability to learn. It helps to decide an individual's future where eyesight has a significant part to play in. Also, planning the Youth professions are highly dependent on visual acuity, especially in the maritime, military, rail, and aviation industries. To avoid permanent damage, this requires premature identification and treatment of refractive defect.1

Refractive error (RE) is one of the commonest vision disability causes in the world and the second-largest cause of treatable blindness.2 Approximate 2.3 billion people worldwide have a refractive defect, but only 1.8 billion people have access to eye tests and effective treatment..3The World Health Organization (WHO) initiated management of refractive errors by 2020 and for its urgency puts it in the fifth position.4,5For the reduction of avoidable blindness in the Global Initiative 2020.Refractive errors were emphasized in combination Many vision problems include cataract, trachoma, and onchocerciasis.6

Different research in South India records the prevalence of refractive errors ranging from 5 to 25 percent.7-9Children of school age are an especially vulnerable group as the uncorrected blurred vision may have a drastic effect on learning and educational ability.10Those teachers who don't know the root issue the children are calling them lazy. Visual acuity screenings do not diagnose their outcomes may show an expected requirement for additional evaluation. Optical sight correction is of comparatively low-cost quality. The proportion of children with visual impairments due to refractive error can be used to determine the level of advancement in eye care services in a country. They also assume that, when wearing appropriate glasses at an early age, the severity of the refractive error issue requires a thorough evaluation of vision and correction. Although regional efforts are targeted at reducing blindness, the number of children experiencing refractive error continues to increase every day. This may be attributed to a lack of knowledge of the risk factors and risks caused by refractive errors.11

This situation was regarded as among the goals of ‘Vision 2020’: “Right to See”, a worldwide activity initiated by an alliance of NGOs and the World Health Organization, leading to the awareness of the tremendous need to fix refractive errors worldwide.12,13Refractive distortion is often referred to as a refractive error sprecise problem that focuses light rays on retina primarily because of eye shape.14 The four commonest refractive errors are myopia also called ‘Short or Nearsightedness’, hypermetropia or hyperopia also called ‘Long or Farsightedness’, Astigmatism and Presbyopia.14A refractive error is an ocular condition which is very common. This occurs when the body can't focus on visual stimuli.Blurred vision is the result of the refractive errors and often so extreme that it causes vision loss. Refractive error cannot be prevented, but eye tests may use to diagnosed and treat the new spectacles, contact lenses, or refractive operation. If the refractive error has been treated in time and by eye care experts, the complete production of good visual function is not impeded.15Correction is made in various forms depending on the defect, the age of the individual, the activity requirement.16

Definiation

Refractive error, also referred to as a refraction error, is a problem that focuses light rays on the retina primarily because of the shape of the eye.14

TYPES OF REFRACTIVE ERROR

Overuse of the eyes does not cause a refractive error or exacerbate it.17

Myopia (Nearsightedness): The ability to see things close by more clearly than things far away. Nearsightedness is typically hereditary and frequently observed in adolescence. Nearsightedness regularly an advance all through the adolescent years when the body develops quickly.17Myopia causes impaired visual acuity in both school children and adults and it accounts for a major percentage of refractive error.18

Hypermetropia (Farsightedness): Long-sightedness, farsightedness also called hyperopia or hypermetropia may be also hereditary. Youngsters frequently have hypermetropia, which may reduce in adulthood. This happens with eyeballs lengthen as they grow. Distance vision in mild hypermetropia is perfect, whereas nearly sight is blurred. Vision can be distorted any distance in advanced hypermetropia.17

Astigmatism: Astigmatism tends to happen when the cornea has an asymmetrical curvature at the front of the eye. The cornea is usually smooth and equally rounded in both directions and the light rays entering the cornea are equally entered on the planes or both directions. This irregularity may bring about vision that is a lot of like investigating a twisted, wavy mirror. Astigmatism normally triggers a blurry sight on any range.17Astigmatism is frequently not detected during routine school eye screening.19

Presbyopia: The word ‘Presbyopia’ comes from the Greek for “elderly vision.” Presbyopia is associated with ageing. It occurs in everyone. The eyes lens becomes more rigid after 40 and doesn’t flex as quickly. Therefore, the eye loses its entering force and it turns out to be increasingly hard to peruse at short proximity. This ordinary maturing procedure of the focal point can likewise be joined with nearsightedness, hypermetropia or astigmatism.17

EPIDEMIOLOGY

It is estimated that more than 150 million people globally suffer a visual loss due to uncorrected refractive error, of which 8 million are essentially blind.20In 2010 refractive error affected 1.45 billion people or 27% of the world's population.21There are 365 million children < 15 years of age or 29 percent of the population in India as of January 2017; the National Health Profile, released by the Government of India; hence providing visual screening for all children is a challenging task.22In India, children registered differing prevalence levels of myopia and hyperopia.23,24,25 These studies have shown that several children require fantastic correction and in rural India, about 86% of children require refractive error without correction.23

CAUSES

The refractive error could because:

  • Eyeball range (where the ball grows too long or too short)26

  • Corneal type complications (clear outer layer of the eye)26

  • Lens ageing (an inner portion of the eye that is usually transparent and helps to guide the vision)26

RISK FACTORS

  • Genetics

Persons with family members with refractive errors are much more likely to suffer similar refractive errors.14

  • Environmental

  • Among hereditary predisposition studies of Refractive Error, there is a link between environmental conditions and risk factors for developing near-sightedness.27

  • Myopia of people with visually active jobs was found 28

  • Reading was shown to be a marker of myopia in children. Kids with myopia have been recorded to have spent considerably more time reading than kids without myopia who have spent a lot of time outside playing.28

  • The risk of myopia has been reported to be the socioeconomic status and higher education levels.

 

SYMPTOMS

  • Blurry vision is the most common symptom.26

Many signs include:

  • Double vision, hazy vision, haze or halo in bright lights, squinting, headache, the pain of the eyes (whether the eyes are exhausted or sore), and difficulty concentrating while reading or watching a screen.26The crossing of eyes in children (esotropia).17

SCREENING

An eye care practitioner can diagnose a refractive error during a regular eye examination. Testing usually involves the patient reading a chart of vision when checking the lens range to optimize a patient's vision. Rarely require advanced imaging or other studies.17

MANAGEMENT

Medical approach

  • Spctacles, Contact Lenses17

Surgical approach

  • Surgery: Laser surgery17

Nursing approach

  • Educating about eyeglasses

  • Educating about contact lenses

  • Perform vision screening or advise the parent to bring the child for an eye exam with ophthalmologists

  • Encourage the child to wear corrective lenses.

DIAGNOSIS

  • Disturbed sensory perception related to diminished vision.

  • Difficulty in reading related to hyperopia.

  • The risk of injury related to blurred vision.

  • Low self-esteem related to impaired vision.

PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSION

Refraction Error is the commonest cause of visual disability in younger students of below poverty and middle-class school children.Visual deficiency due to Uncorrected Refractive Error may have prompt and long hauleffects for children and adolescents, for example,loss of educational and job potentials, loss of financial benefit to people, families and communities and reduced life expectancy.Numerous components are liable for the resulting uncorrected refractive errors such as lack of understanding and acceptance of the issue at the individual and family level, also atneighbourhood and public health level, unavailability and/or incapacity to offer refraction monitoring facilities, inadequate supply of suitable correction eye lenses and societalimpediments to enforcement schemes like visual acuity screening services for people suffering from refractive blindness need to be introduced.Several research studies indicate that there was a comparatively high prevalence of Refractive Erroramongurban children than that of rural children. Students involved in outdoor games didn't have many refractive mistakes. Most of the students were involved in indoor sports, television, computers, and computer sports, etc. Some research studies show that refractive error risk factors could be prevented and help to promote awareness among students, families and especially teaching staff who play a vital role in moulding the child's future and behaviour patterns. There is a need for strong and reliable wear of spectacles should be emphasized.

Conflict of interest: none declared.

Financial support: None

References:

  1. Nelson V, Viswanathan G, Simon S. Prevalence and Determinants of Refractive Errors among School Children of 5th –10th Standard: A Study from South Kerala. Natl J Community Med 2018;9(11):813-818.

  2. Murthy GV. Vision testing for refractive errors in schools: ‘Screening’ programs in schools. Community Eye Health 2000;13(33):3-5.

  3. Holden BA, Sulaiman S, Knox K. The challenge of providing spectacles in the developing world. Community Eye Health 2000;13(33):9-10.

  4. Dandona R, Dandona L. Refractive error blindness. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79:237-43.

  5. McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Myopia and vision of 2020. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;129(4):525-7.

  6.  World Health Organisations. Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness. Geneva: WHO/ PBL/97.61; Rev 2. 2006.

  7. Kalikivayi V, Naduvilath TJ, Bansal AK, Dandona L. Visualimpairment in school children in Southern India. CommuEye Care 1997;2(45):129-34.

  8. Das A, Dutta H, Bhaduri G, De Sarkar A, Sarkar K, Bannerjee M.A study on refractive errors among school children in Kolkata.J Indian Med Assoc 2007;105(4):169-72.

  9. Prema N. Prevalence of refractive error in school children.Indian J Sci Technol 2011;4(9):1160-1.

  10. Negrel AD, Maul E, Pokharel GP, Zhao J, EllweinLB.Refractive error study in children: Sampling and measurementmethods for a multi-country survey. Am J Ophth2000;129(4):421-6.

  11. Kannan U, Rajendiran A, Yeraballi D, Shanmugavel K, John NA, Rene S. Refractive error and associated risk factors in 6-12 years schoolchildren. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2016;6(6):554-558.

  12. ThyleforsB. A global initiative for the elimination of avoidableblindness [editorial]. AmJ Ophth1998;125:90-3.

  13. Pararajasegaram R. VISION 2020 - The Right to Sight: fromstrategies to action. Am J Ophth 1999; 128:359-60.

  14. Refractive error. Wikipedia 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_error (accessed June 6, 2020).

  15. What is a refractive error? World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/what-is-a-refractive-error (accessed June 6, 2020).

  16. Refractive errors in children, IMO, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.imo.es/en/refractive-errors-children. [Accessed: 06- Jun- 2020].

  17. Refractive Errors, Kellogg Eye Center, Michigan Medicine [Internet]. Umkelloggeye.org. 2020 [Accessed: 06- Jun- 2020]. https://www.umkelloggeye.org/conditions-treatments/refractiveerrors#:~:text=Refractive%20error%20means%20that%20the,with%20age)%2C%20and%20astigmatism.

  18. Tidake P, Madan P. Peripheral retinal findings in high Myopia in a tertiary hospital. JDatta Meghe Inst MedSciUni2016;11 (4):418-422.

  19. Definition of Astigmatic [Internet]. MedicineNet. 2020 [cited 13 June 2020]. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6755

  20. Holden BA, Fricke TR, Ho SM, Wong R, Schlenther G, Cronjé S. et al. Global vision impairment due to uncorrected presbyopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008; 126: 1731–9.

  21. Rasa C, Rasa L. Refractive error characteristic of the patients at the Children's Ophthalmology Outpatient Department of KaunoKlinik's Hospital (Lithuanian University of Health Sciences) from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012. ActaMedicaLituanica 2017; 24(2):83-92.

  22. SethuS, BharaniS, Nukella PB. Prevalence of refractive errors in children in India: a systematic review. Clin ExptOptometry 2018; 101: 495-503.

  23. Dandona R, Dandona L, Srinivas M.Refractiveerror in children in a rural population in India. Invest Ophth Vis Sci 2002; 43: 615–622.

  24. Murthy GVS, Gupta SK, Ellwein L, Munoz SR, Pokharel GP, Sanga L, et al. Refractive error in children in an urbanpopulation in New Delhi. Invest Ophth Vis Sci2002; 43: 623–631.

  25. Dandona R, Dandona L, Srinivas M, Giridhar P, McCarty CA, Rao GN. Population-based assessment of the refractiveerror in India: the Andhra Pradesh eye disease study. ClinExpOphth2002; 30: 84–93.

  26. Refractive Errors National Eye Institute [Internet]. Nei.nih.gov. 2020 [cited 13 June 2020]. Available from:https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/refractiveerrors#:~:text=There%20are%204%20common%20types,objects%20look%20blurry%20or%20distorted.

  27. VerhoevenJVM, Hysi PG, Wojciechowski R, Fan Q, Guggenheim JA, Höhn R et al. Genome-wide meta-analyses of multiancestry cohorts identify multiple new susceptibility loci for refractive error and myopia. Nature Genet 2013;45(3):314-318.

  28. Wojciechowski R. Nature and nurture: the complex genetics of myopia and refractive error. Clin Genet 2010;79(4):301-320.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


RSS feed

Indexed and Abstracted in


Antiplagiarism Policy: IJCRR strongly condemn and discourage practice of plagiarism. All received manuscripts have to pass through "Plagiarism Detection Software" test before Toto Macau forwarding for peer review. We consider "Plagiarism is a crime"

IJCRR Code of Conduct: To achieve a high standard of publication, we adopt Good Publishing Practices (updated in 2022) which are inspired by guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)

Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



ABOUT US

International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

Contact

148, IMSR Building, Ayurvedic Layout,
        Near NIT Complex, Sakkardara,
        Nagpur-24, Maharashtra State, India

editor@ijcrr.com

editor.ijcrr@gmail.com


Copyright © 2024 IJCRR. Specialized online journals by ubijournal .Website by Ubitech solutions