International Journal of Current Research and Review
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IJCRR - 12(23), December, 2020

Pages: 156-160

Date of Publication: 07-Dec-2020


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The Vital Potential of Ayurveda in COVID-19 Pandemic

Author: Shikha Pawar, Himanshu Joshi, Deepak Nanda, Navin Kumar

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Background: The whole world is facing an unprecedented period of novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Despite the efforts, the disease is continuously spreading. According to world meter, globally there are 6,341,034 active cases and 746,652 deaths as on 11 August 2020.
Management: The developments of vaccines are underway, in such situation maintaining immunity is the only way to combat this infectious disease. The elements of pandemic require urgent control of all information frameworks accessible internationally. Utilizing the oldest science of medicine, Ayurveda paves away in this pandemic. It gives specific consideration to the host and suggests measures for a sound way of life. Ayurveda defines immunity as the ability to prevent infection and thereby maintain homeostasis.
Conclusion: To deal with this pandemic situation using traditional medicine system, India can prove the strength of Ayurveda.

Keywords: Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, Immunity, Traditional medicine, Ayurveda, Yoga

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Coronavirus is a respiratory tract virus which was first identified in 1962 in the people who were suffering from respiratory tract infection.1 The virus was not considered fatal until 2002 when several cases of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were reported and lead to higher mortality. In 2003, various reports were published stating the spread of coronavirus to the 24 countries of the world including United States America, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Singapore, Hanoi, Canada and others recording total 8,437 cases and 813 mortality.2-4 In December 2019, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was first identified in a group of pneumonia patients belonging to Wuhan city of China.5-7 As thousands of infection cases confirmed across the globe by this newly discovered virus; the World Health Organization declared it as pandemic on 11 March 2020. Since the virus caused infection similar to SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) so officially named as COVID-19.8

The human race is battling against this tiny enemy which is invisible to the human eye and can attack from anywhere. Thus made the world frightful and locked them into their homes. As the work on vaccination and medication are underway, so to protect oneself from infection building up the immunity is the only way to combat this virus. Ayurveda, the science of life: is one of the oldest medical systems in the world and traditionally used in India is the only possible medium to enhance immunity. The system of Ayurveda is based on a natural and holistic approach which utilizes the plant-based science.9

Genetic structure of coronavirus

The coronaviruses (CoV) are non-segmented enveloped positive-sense single strands of RNA from 26.4 to 31.7 kilo-bases which belong to the family Coronaviridae and order Nidovirales. These viruses on electron microscopy appear as a crown (corona in Latin means crown) having club-shaped surface protein projections.10,11 They primarily target the upper respiratory tract and further affect the central nervous system, causing long-term neurological damage.12 The SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to β-coronavirus genus which shows 96% genome sequence similarity with bat coronavirus and 92% similarity with pangolin coronavirus,13 implies that novel coronavirus might have originated from bats.  

There are seven coronavirus species14 identified to infect human beings include:

  1. hCoV-229E (alpha coronavirus)

  2. hCoV-OC43 (beta coronavirus)

  3. hCoV-NL63 (alpha coronavirus)

  4. hCoV-HKU1 (beta coronavirus)

  5. MERS-CoV: β-CoV (beta coronavirus)

  6. SARS-CoV: β-CoV (beta coronavirus)

  7. SARS-CoV-2:  β-CoV (beta coronavirus)

Most human coronavirus infections are mild but in the last two decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) proved to be more fatal to humans. At present, COVID-19 infection are increasing day by day and proving to be life-threatening to the human race.

Modes of transmission

An infection occurs when there is an interaction between the host and the pathogen. The transmission of the pathogen can be by:

  1. Direct contact

  2. Indirect contact

  3. Airborne

Indirect contact, the pathogen is transferred between the individuals without any intermediate agent. In indirect contact, the pathogen is transferred via a contaminated intermediate. Whereas in airborne; the transmission of the potentially infectious pathogen occurs through inhalation of droplets.15 The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread through airborne droplets when a healthy person comes in contact with the person already positive to the virus through sneezing and coughing. Many published articles suggest that the novel coronavirus enter the human body through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2)16 and thus makes one infected.

Clinical features

The most common clinical features of COVID-19 are fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, muscle pain and breathlessness. The infection can’t be identified in the initial stage as symptoms are similar to other respiratory infection but with time the disease may progress to pneumonia leading to failure of the respiratory system and ultimately leads to death of the patient.17

Diagnosis

The SARS-CoV-2 infection can be detected by specific molecular tests, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, real-time PCR (RRT-PCR) on samples collected from the nasopharyngeal swab and throat swab. Serological kits are also available from different manufacturing companies which detect N-protein IgM and IgG antibodies present in human blood and serum samples.The imaging techniques utilized for identifying COVID-19 is CT and X-beam of the chest. CT scans are more sensitive and specific and generally shows infiltrates, ground-glass opacities and subsegmental consolidation. CT scan is also abnormal in asymptomatic patients or patients with no clinical evidence. Abnormal CT scans have been used to diagnose COVID-19 in suspect cases with negative molecular diagnosis and found to be positive on repeating the testing.

Immunity

Immunity is the ability of the body to obstruct the entry of the pathogenic invaders causing any type of disease or infection. A person who has compromised immunity is more susceptible to the infection. In such condition to maintain the immunity is very much important.13 Immunity can be a non-specific or specific type. When the immune system encounters pathogen for the first time; they prevent it by producing a large number ofnon-specific antibodies. While in specific type, a set of antibodies are produced against pathogens or antigen.18

Classification of Immunity

Immunity can be classified into:

  1. Innate Immunity

  2. Acquired immunity

Innate Immunity: This type of immunity is the first line of guard against any pathogen. It is the inborn ability of the body to fight against any invading organism. Whenever any micro-organism enters the body, the intrinsic resistance dispenses with it before building up any ailment. Innate immunity also called natural or non-specific immunity.19

Acquired Immunity:

This type of immunity recognizes the attacking micro-organism like viruses, bacteria and so forth known and develops the antibodies specific to that pathogen. Acquired immunity is also known by as specific immunity. Acquired immunity is subdivided into20

a) Cellular Immunity

b) Humoral Immunity

a) Cellular Immunity

This sort of immunity created by T-cells known as the antigen-explicit cells, produced in the bone marrow and found in the circulation system and lymphoid tissue. Whenever T-cells experience antigens introduced over antigen-presenting cells (APCs); they differentiate and multiply to initiate apoptosis. The cytotoxic T-cells, demolish the infected cells in a way to activate plasma B cells by producing IgG and IgM type of antibodies.20

b) Humoral Immunity

In humoral immunity, specific reactions are produced against a specific antigen. When all the attacking microbes tend to increase in the extracellular space, humoral immunity gets activated and demolishes the micro-organism by producing specific antibodies against it. The humoral immunity gets activated when the circulating cells bind with the antigen (micro-organism) which activates antibodies producing cells and complement system which in turn recruits the phagocytic cells. These cells engulf the microorganism and the process is called opsonization.21

Pathogenesis of Immunity

Any disease begins when a pathogen recognized by the immune system. The interaction between the pathogen and immune system influences the immune system cells; macrophages release lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species (RO.S.) to remove the microorganism from the host’s body. Cytokines are also activated along with leukocytes to remove the pathogens. As the pathogens enter the host body, interferons and natural killer cells demolish the infection tainted cells. This natural response initiates neutrophils against microorganisms. The macrophages ingest the microbes and release the monocyte to the kindled tissue. These process the antigen and produce specialized cells which inhibit the infection with the same micro-organisms. Whenever parasite attacks the human body, eosinophils release their granules to protect against infection.22,23

Ayurvedic pathogenesis of immunity

Ayurveda relies upon the three Doshas i.e., Vata, Pitta, and Kapha (fig 1). These three doshas are balanced in a healthy individual but when these are imbalanced, and then at that point an illness develops. When vrishanu take subsequent passage to a healthy human body, it gets vibhajit in the raktadhatu (blood) and builds up the swasroga and from that point develops vrikkaroga. According to Ayurveda, the pathogenesis of immunity.24

  • In Dosha, at first Kaphadosha increments and causes the imbalance between Vata and Pitta.

  • Dushya: it relies upon the status of Rasa dhatu (blood plasma), which prompts febrile conditions.

  • Agni: develops due to the expansion in Kapha Dosh mandagni.

  • Ama: if the Samaroga influenced by the Kapha Rog causes indigestion and makes Amaawastha, in an infected individual.

  • Srotasmi: for COVID-19 infected individuals, there are two kinds of srotas- Pranavahasrota (respiratory entries) and Rasavahasrotas (blood plasma).

  • Srotodushtiprakar: It is sanga which blocks and atipravritti which causes excessive flow.

  • Sthana is Udbhavasthana (upper area) and Agantuja (outside factor) when Kapha is present in the chest region of the body.

  • Vyakta infects the chest area in which Kapha is present i.e., lungs, sinuses, stomach, heart, blood, joints.

Since no definite treatments are available and preventive measures are the only ways to protect one from getting affected by a novel coronavirus.

Mode of Transmission:24

According to Ayurveda, the transmission of the disease takes place:

  • Prasangat: with close collaboration.

  • Gatrasamsparshat: physical contact with unhealthy people.

  • Nishwasa: by inhalation of respiratory droplets of an infected individual.                      

  • Sahabhojanat: sharing food.

  • Sahashayya: resting together.

  • Asana: sitting near one another.

  • Vastra: sharing the same apparel.

  • Malya:using tissue and towels.

Preventive measures26,27

Following appropriate precautionary measures can prevent the spread of COVID-19:

  • Regularly cleaning hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based (70% v/v) hand rub.

  • Maintaining a safe distance form individual who is coughing or sneezing.

  • Wearing a face mask and keeping respiratory hygiene.

  • Cleaning the surfaces with disinfectant on regular basis.

  • Face masks and respiratory hygiene

  • Self-isolation if an individual feels unwell.

Management

Therapeutic treatment24

  • SarveAbhyanga: is thewhole body oil massage with Dhavantaramtaila, Dashmooladitaila, or karpooraditaila with rock salt Rukshasweda (dry warmth), nadisweda (steam managed locally through cylinders).

  • PindaSweda (a hot herbalized rice balls) is applied over chest and back also used in the treatment.

  • Vamana is done in a controlled way by a particular mix of Madanaphala decoction, yastimadhu, and Vacha.

  • Anuvasana (oil-based douch) and Niruhabasti (decoction-based douches) are used for their laxative action.

  • Nasal application of coconut oil or ghee in the nostrils is one of the suggested methods.

Ayurvedic Herbs/ herbal formulation for maintaining immunity 28-30, 32

To maintain good health and prevent infection, detoxification is an exceptionally fundamental part which expels out the impurities and keeps the individual healthy. Various herbs/ herbal formulations (given in Table 1) suggested by AYUSH which assist in the detoxification are as follows:

 

Yoga and Pranayama30,31

In India, yoga is practised and taught since ancient times. Yoga is a form of physical exercises (asana) and breathing exercises (pranayama). This holistic science of yoga help in stress management related disorders and promote immunity. Many research studies suggest positive health attributes of yoga Various yoga asana helps in improving physical and mental health. In this pandemic, SudarshanKriya yoga is the solution to boost immunity. It comprises of pranayama, yoga and meditation which improves the defence mechanism of the body. Daily practice for 20 minutes improves the immunity and makes an individual physically, mentally and emotionally strong.

Routinely practices of breathing exercises (pranayamas) strengthen the lungs and also improve immunity as the novel coronavirus attacks the respiratory system. Such pranamayas are beneficial and also have a positive impact on psychological and physical well-being.

Ujjayi Pranayama: This form of pranayama is the most common. In this, breathing is mainly focused at the base of the throat to increase the intake of oxygen.

Kapalbhati Pranayama: This yogic breath keeping people healthy since ages. It is a part of eight limbs of yoga, compiled by Yoga Sutras by Sage Patanjali. This technique flushes out toxic air from the body and keeps mind, body and spirit healthy.

NadiShodhan Pranayama: In this pranayama, individual concentrate on the normal breath for a few minutes and close right nostril with the thumb and breath through the left nostril. Alternatively, repeat the same process for left nostril. This strengthens the respiratory system and calms the mind.

CONCLUSION

The world is fighting to discover an answer for ending the pandemic as it has caused numerous causality due to the absence of defined treatment available. As prevention is better than cure, the Vedic science of Ayurveda narrates the preventive aspect of infectious diseases and focuses on building up immunity. It helped in developing resistance to the viruses and reduces the susceptibility to the infection; also prevent the deterioration of disease to a critical state.There is an incredible requirement for research on Ayurvedic drugs for future procedures to fix the pandemic like situation for the benefit of mankind.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We gratefully thank Graphic Era Hill University for all support and encouragement for writing this review.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

FINANCIAL FUNDING: None.

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Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

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One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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