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IJCRR - 8(7), April, 2016

Pages: 23-29

Date of Publication: 12-Apr-2016


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EFFECTS OF VITAMIN-D AND SUNLIGHT ON THE HEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN MICE

Author: Muhammad Rakibul Hasan, Md. Kamrul Islam, Ziaul Haque

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Moderate exposure to sunlight increases vitamin-D status in the body and vitamin-D helps in absorption of calcium from intestine. This study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of vitamin-D and sunlight on blood parameters and serum biochemistry in mice. For this purpose, 50 adult Swiss albino mice were collected and randomly divided into five equal groups (Group A, B, C, D and E). Group A was considered as control and fed only on balanced normal feed. Group B was supplied with 15% butter in feed as a semi-synthetic source of vitamin-D, group C was exposed to direct sunlight (1.5 hours daily) and group D and E were supplied with oral synthetic form of vitamin-D @ 50 IU and 100 IU daily, respectively. After 120 days, blood and serum samples were collected for analysis. Our results showed that total erythrocytes count (TEC) and total leukocytes count (TLC) were found higher in group D but insignificant. Lymphocytes were significantly (P< 0.001) higher in group D but neutrophils was significantly (P< 0.01) higher in group B. The aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels were also raised very sharply with increased level of vitamin-D in blood. AST and AP level were found significantly (P< 0.001) higher in group B but ALT level was significantly (P< 0.001) higher in group E. The lipid profile such as total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) were also analyzed. TC level was slightly higher in group C but significantly (P< 0.01) lower in group E HDL was significantly increases with increased level of vitamin-D in treatment groups (P< 0.01). TG level was somewhat higher in group D but not significant. From our results it can be concluded that sunlight and butter are the potential sources of vitamin-D. Supplementation of vitamin-D at certain level improves health status but excessive supplementation cause harmful effects on the body systems.

Keywords: Sunlight, Vitamin-D, Blood, Biochemical analysis

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION Vitamin-D is needed for bone growth and bone remodeling from osteoblasts and osteoclasts (Cranneyet al., 2007). The main function of vitamin-D is maintaining calcium homeostasis and low levels of vitamin-D result in lower absorption of calcium from intestine (Lane, 2010). Without vitamin-D, the body cannot absorb calcium and phosphorus adequately, the skeleton loses mineral content (secondary osteoporosis) and new bone is not adequately mineralized (rickets or osteomalacia). It is recommended that dietary allowance for human is 600 IU in a day for ages 1-70 years for this vitamin (Aloia, 2011; Abrams, 2011; Gallagher et al., 2014).

Calcium and bone metabolism in adults depend heavily on concentration of vitamin-D (Silver, 2011). According to Bikle (1994), vitamin-D treatment is safe and probably most efficacious in populations with marginal vitamin-D intake or limited sunlight exposure and does not need high doses. Vitamin-D is present in many foods, including fishes, eggs, fortified milk, and cod liver oil. In this experiment butter is used as vitamin-D source. Although milk is normally low in vitamin-D but butter contains high fat and is rich in vitamin-D (Schmid and Walther, 2013).

Regular receiving of butter through diet may also be helpful for immunity development (Cope et al., 1996). Shankar et al. (2002), reported that moderate level of butter has some unique potential benefits on health, particularly in relationship to its vitamin-K and vitamin-D content. As per experiment of Astrup, (2014), consumption of yogurt and other dairy products like butter reduced risk of weight gain and obesity as well as of cardiovascular disease. Sunlight is an electromagnetic radiation and gives off different types of lights and rays having different wave length. They produce either positive or negative response in living cells. Moderate sun exposure, physical activity and normal-weight maintenance are modifiable factors, for improving vitaminD status (Touvieret al., 2014; Beneret al., 2009).

The ultraviolet radiation has both positive and negative health effects, as it is source of both vitamin-D3 and a mutagen (Osborne and Hutchinson, 2002; Ohnaka, 1993). Cholesterol under the skin surface called provitamin-D3 reacts with the ultravioletB rays to form vitamin-D3 . From there, it first goes to the liver and then through the kidneys, converting it into the form of active vitamin-D that the body needs (National Institutes of Health). Lack of sun exposure and vitamin-D deficiency has been linked to serious cardiovascular problems and cancers (Holick, 2008).

METHODOLOGY Animals: From seventy Swiss albino mice (Musmusculus), a total of 50 mice were randomly selected after acclimation for 7 days. Their weight was approximately 22-27 gm/mouse and the age was between 40 and 45 days which were divided into five equal groups. Treatment: One group was fed on balanced pellet only and was considered as control group (group A). The remaining groups were considered as treated groups (B, C, D and E). Among the treated groups, only group B was fed with butter supplemented diet (15% of solid feed) and others were maintained with balanced diet. Group C was directly exposed to sunlight for 1.5 hrs daily and group D was supplied with additional vitamin-D @ 50 I.U and group-E with vitamin-D @ 100 I.U orally.

This treatment regime was continued for 120 days without any changes. Sample Collection: Samples were collected from mice by sacrificing them for hematological and serological study. For hematological test, blood was stored in test tubes containing anticoagulant (3.8% sodium citrate) except for DLC (Differential Leukocyte Count). For serum collection, blood without anticoagulant was kept in slanting position and serum supernatant was collected after 24 hours and being centrifuged. A drop of blood directly placed on slide and made a thin smear for DLC. For blood and serum analysis, we collected 5 samples from each group. Blood Analysis: Hematological parameters were total erythrocytes count (TEC), estimation of hemoglobin by acid-hematin method, determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by Wintrobe’s method, determination of packed cell volume (PCV) or hematocrit (Hct) value, total leukocytes count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC).

All measurements were performed in the hematological laboratory, Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, as described by Ghai (2008) Serum Biochemistry: Alanine transaminase (ALT/GOT) and aspartate transaminase (AST/GPT), alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) were analyzed to know the blood and liver response to additional supplement of vitamin-D. For serological analysis end point method was used for AST, ALT and AP and kinetic method was used for TC, HDL and TG (Human Humalyzer-3000, Germany). Statistical analysis: The result was analyzed statistically by paired t-test and compared significance level at 95%, 99% and 99.99% by using SPSS software (Version 16.00, IBM Corporation). In this analysis, we compared each treatment group with control group separately.

RESULT Hematological Tests Table 1 and figure 1 shows the effects of vitamin-D and sunlight on blood parameters. The application of butter, sunlight and synthetic vitamin-D caused significant increase of blood cell counts in treated groups.

Hemoglobin level in experimental mice was gradually increased with increased level of vitamin-D supplementation (Figure-1).It was the highest in group-D (7.84±0.082 gm/ dl) followed by group E (7.62±0.17 gm/dl) in comparison to control group (6.34± 0.22 gm/dl). Its value was 7.28±0.12 gm/dl in group B and 7.14±0.027 gm/dl in group C. PCV was found significantly higher (44.20±0.80 %, P<0.001) in group D and group C (41.60±0.98%, P<0.01) but non-significant in group E and group B. Figure 1 shows that PCV level dramatically increases with treatment at certain level and then suddenly decrease with excessive supplementation (group E). TLC (illustrated in table1) was 7.21±0.14 thousand/µl in group, 7.75±0.12 thousand/µl in group B, 7.62±0.20 thousand/µl in group C in 7.96±0.13 thousand/µl in group D, and 7.47±0.21 thousand/µl in group E. TLC was highest in group D and lowest in group A (control group). In DLC, lymphocytes were significantly higher in vitaminD @ 50 IU (5604 /µl, P< 0.001) but when dose increased to 100 IU lymphocytes decreased to 5110/µl.

Table-1 shows that monocyte number decreases among the treatment except butter receiving mice. Monocyte number was higher in butter treated mice which was 0.341 thousand/µl (P< 0.001) than the control group (0.303 thousand/µl). Among the experimental mice it was lowest in group E (0.135 thousand/ µl) which was significant statistically (P<0.05). Neutrophil number was higher in groupD treated mice (2.118 thousand/ µl, P< 0.05) but insignificantly lowest in counting eosinophil in sunlight exposed group. In butter, sunlight and vitaminD @ 100 IU receiving mice neutrophil number was 2.108 thousand/µl, 1.951 thousand/µl and 2.032 thousand/µl, respectively. Neutrophils were significant at P<0.001 (group D). Conversely when eosinophil number increases, the neutrophil number decreases in experimental mice.

Biochemical Tests To know internal body functions, liver function tests and lipid profile tests were conducted. Liver functions test includes alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lipid profile tests includes High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Total Cholesterol (TC) and Triglyceride (TG). The biochemical reports of different groups of mice are presented in table 2. The graphical presentation of liver function tests and lipid profile tests are shown in figure 2 and 3, respectively.

Test result shows that AST level is steadily increase with increase vitamin-D in group B, C, D and E than control group (49.11±8.82U/L). AST level reaches peak 84.88±25.17 U/L (P<0.001) in vitamin-D @50 IU treated group. Significantly highest (P<0.001) level also observed in sunlight group, C (78.21±23.78U/L) followed by butter treated group, B (75.77±6.39U/L). Suddenly, AST level was the lowest) in group E (64.21±15.93U/L, P<0.001) supplemented with very high doses of vitamin-D (@ 100 IU).

There is significant fluctuation of ALT level in experimental mice. This parameter is higher in group E (55.77±14.05 IU, P<0.01), followed by group C (44.66±4.34 IU). In group D, ALT level was lowest (33.11±4.84 IU) among the treated groups. But in butter treated group, ALT was (21.77±2.21 IU which was close to the control group 20.21±3.47 IU). All the values are statistically significant. AP is one of the major parameters to determine the activities of liver as well as bone restoration and formation.

According to Figure-2, AP level gradually increased up to group-D, then it dramatically dropped down in group-E (21.00 U/L). AP level is highest (P< 0.001) in vitamin treated group, group D (87.53±9.17 U/L). Significantly higher (P< 0.001) level was found in sun-light group, 70.70±9.14 U/L. Butter treated group showed AP level was medium (61.56±7.95 U/L P<0.001). Among the treatment groups, group E was the lowest (21.00±4.38 U/L).

Lipid Profile of Experimental Mice In our study, cholesterol level was near similar to the proportional level of triglyceride (Table 2 and figure 3) which was not steadily influenced by vitamin-D concentration. Cholesterol level was significant (P<0.01) in butter supplemented mice (138.49±5.36 mg/dl) and. However, it was 158.68 ± 5.45 mg/dl in sunlight exposed group, 152.07 ± 5.21 mg/dl in vitamin-D @ 50 IU and 117.55 ± 5.71 mg/dl in vitamin-D @ 100 IU treated groups, respectively. Table 2 represents HDL level significantly increased (P<0.001) in group D (71.15± 2.53 mg/dl). Second highest was 70.77 ± 3.30 mg/dl in group C which was gradually increased with vitamin-D concentration in blood. In control group HDL was 46.79± 3.26 mg/dl, 57.92±1.68 mg/dl in group B and 67.18 ± 3.22 mg/dl in group E.

Triglyceride level in different groups was different and fluctuated irregularly with vitamin-D concentration (Table 2). Triglyceride level in control group was 89.40±2.77 mg/dl whereas it was 83.34 ± 6.49 mg/dl in butter supplemented mice. The level of triglyceride was 84.08 ± 7.54 mg/dl in sunlight exposed group (group C) and 92.38 ± 4.20 mg/dl and 90.77 ± 6.13 mg/dl in vitamin-D @50 IU (group D) and 100 IU treated group (group E), respectively. All values were statistically significant (P< 0.001).

DISCUSSION Hematology: Application of excess vitamin-D than daily requirement is effective to improve RBC in peripheral blood and stimulates hemopoietic organs. On the other hand, sunlight produces good amount of vitamin-D (www.infinitheism.com), increases RBC level by acting on bone, liver and kidney. Besides that, butter may also act as a good source of vitamin-D but had lower strength to reveal effects on TEC values. At the same time vitamin-D in the diet is thought to invigorate the liver function that indirectly enhances erythropoiesis (Guyton and Hall, 2006). The table 1 revealed that stimulation in hemopoetic organs like bone and liver at adequate level may ameliorate Hb formation in comparison with control group (6.34± 0.22gm/dl).

From this finding it can be assumed that vitamin-D has positive effect on hemoglobin concentration. This finding is closely related to the findings of others (Jennifer et al,. 2013; Shuet al,.2011).When body exposed to excess vitamin-D, hemopoietic organ produce more blood cells and thus the level of PCVgrown up gradually. Although vitamin-D level was increases in treated mice but the There was no relation with vitamin-D concentration among the groups for counting WBC. The fluctuation was not equal in all cases. This may indicate that there was no similarity in increasing leukocytes which is also reported by Ashraf et al. (2012). This experiment reveals that vitaminD could be responsible for raising leucocytes number from normal condition. This is also described by Marwahet al. (2012). Increase number of leukocyte may be an indication of vitamin-D action on cell formation from bone by the activation of stem cells in the body (Cynthia, 2011). According to Charles et al. (2007) hepatic injury increases peripheral lymphocytes in blood which is similar to this experiment. Increase number of lymphocyte may increase the recruitment of cells in the inflammatory hepatocyte to minimize the lesion and improving healing process (Geoffrey et al., 2002; Patricia et al., 2002). Beside lymphocytes, the number of neutrophils significantly increases in treated groups. In vitamin-D @ 100 IU and butter treated mice this number was comparatively higher than others (P<0.01) which was also reviewed by some scientists.

The increase numbers of polymorphs indicate that there may be presence of inflammation and have possibility of hepatocyte degeneration (Jaeschke and Hasegawa,2006; Ramaiah and Jaeschke,2007). Monocyte number significantly decreases with increase vitamin-D in blood (Table 1). Although in butter supplemented group it is higher (4.40±0.40%, P<0.001) than other groups but it decreases with increase vitamin-D level in blood. The causes of reduction in number may be associated with chronic inflammatory problem in liverin where subset of monocyte may be happened for fibrogenesis (Liaskouet al., 2013; Frank, 2012). Eosinophil number was significantly (P<0.001) higher in treated groups (3.20±0.80%) in compare with control group (Table 1). However they were statistically significant. A low number of eosinophils in the blood (eosinopenia) could occur in stress condition caused by excess vitamin-D but does not usually cause problems (Merck Manual, 2013). There may be another reason of gradual decreasing eosinophil number was the infiltration of this cell in liver and it is an unusual condition (Hyun et al., 2012).

Liver Function Tests The excess and sudden low level of AST indicates that there may have both positive and negative effects of vitamin-D on liver enzyme production and very high dose may causes toxicity (Khaled et al., 2009). According to Holmes and Kummerow (1983) and Glenville (2008) vitamin-D is toxic compound and excessive amount causes calcification of softtissues. This toxicity and calcification may affect both liver and muscle and secrete more AST in blood serum. Nature like sunlight may not have enough effect to produce AST but increase level indicates that regular exposure to sunlight may create hepatocellular disease and raises transaminase activities (Beran and Ulker, 2006).

ALT level in mice was significantly changed with different treatment. This variation may depend on degree of liver damage (Amina et al., 2010; Zhou-wen et al., 2008). The ratio between AST and ALT in treatment group indicates that there is progressively high degeneration in hepatocytes (Raizaet al., 2014). In addition, calcification of liver may responsible for increasing level of ALT in blood (Holmes and Kummerow, 1983; Glenville, 2008). Alkaline Phosphatase level is increased with increasing vitamin-D concentration as linear motion than compared group (Figure 2).

The experimental data (Table 2) may cause bone turnover that means mineralization of bone is happened due to rise of vitamin-D volume (Guyton and Hall, 2006). The low level of AP in group E was due to vitamin-D toxicity in liver and kidney, and causes excessive damage to hepatocyte. Higher level of AP in other treated groups also indicator of liver damage (Khaled et al., 2009) and further the elevated AP levels accompanied by increased bone and liver activity (Konstantinos et al., 2002). This result could interfere with calcium metabolism and bony architecture either had positive or negative effect (http://labtestsonline.org).

Lipid Profile of Experimental mice Table 2 shows that there is no improvement or no significant effect of cholesterol due to over doses of vitamin-D supplement.Similar type of study have been trialed in man (Pondaet al., 2012; Asemi et al., 2012). There is presence of abnormal cholesterol level in group E where each mouse receives 100 IU vitamin-D daily. It may be for liver damages, thus liver could not synthesize adequate cholesterol. Such kind of information also reported earlier (Jerome and Robert, 1970).

This finding also supports that supplementation of diet with vitamin-D which enhances the beneficial effect of weight loss on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations (Geneviève et al., 2007). Although vitamin-D is a fat soluble vitamin but increase of vitamin-D concentration improves HDL level. There may have possibility of increasing metabolism rate of liver and vitamin-D also increases blood circulation to the tissues. These two factors might be responsible for raising HDL in blood. The HDL level of this study is supported by Sun et al. (2014) and Jorde and Grimnes (2011).

According to their findings, serum 25(OH)-D is positively related with highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and is favorable to HDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio. Additional supplement of vitamin-D may improve lipid profile as well as serum HDL in aged people (Jungertet al., 2014). Triglyceride level fluctuates irregularly with different treatment. According to Ponda et al. (2012) vitamin-D could not  improve triglyceride and has no direct effect on triglycer- ide levels (Figure 8). Vitamin-D supplementation can lower triglycerides (Jorde and Grimnes, 2011).

It is a comparable matter that the vitamin-D concentration at certain level may improve triglyceride (group B and C) but excess vitamin-D may be harmful for liver and kidney and is responsible for elevated triglyceride (José et al., 2009). Elevated triglyceride level is caused by medical conditions such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, or liver disease (Shaoqinget al., 2010; James et al., 2007). Vitamin-D treated group D and E shows slight high level of triglyceride compare to normal mice.

CONCLUSION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of vitaminD on the body and some special tissues and its side effects on body. In hematological tests, TEC and TLC level was higher in vitamin-D supplemented group. However, these values are statistically insignificant. Excess amount of vitamin-D would be harmful for blood cell production. One the other hand biochemical tests of serum may indicate the huge detoxifying activities of liver may produce cirrhosis and brings structural changes.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my gratitude to all teachers of Physiology Department, Anatomy and Histology and Lab Associates. I am also thankful to Government of Bangladesh for funding in my Research by awarding NST scholarship.

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One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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