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IJCRR - 9(20), October, 2017

Pages: 05-09

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Association of Parental ABO Phenotypes with Gender of the Child

Author: Mehar Preet Singh, Kulbir Kaur M.D.

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Background: The study of blood groups is not only important in blood transfusion and organ transplant practices but prevalence of its types is also important in genetic research, anthropology and inheritance related studies.
Objective: To find the association of parental ABO phenotypes with the gender of the child born.
Material and Methods: This was a prospective, observational study, performed from Nov 2016 to June 2017on 332 fertile couples experienced child birth in a teaching tertiary care hospital. ABO and Rh Blood grouping of these couples was performed by microplate hem-agglutination method and maternal record of all the couples was recorded for live birth including gender of child.
Results: There were total 555 live births from 332 fertile couples including 279 females (50.3%) and 276 males (49.7%) with average of 1.67 births per mating in which B-B and AB-A had maximum rate of 1.80 each and lowest as1.40 in A-AB. AB-O combination had maximum male child (72.7%) and A-A had female child (70.4%). Overall sex ratio was 1.01.Association of the gender of the child born and parents mating type was found insignificant (p=0.269). Further it was found that O type father had maximum female child (55.6%) and AB type had maximum male child (55.3%). Statistically it was also found insignificant (p >0.050).
Conclusion: It was concluded that different mating types of the parents having same and different ABO and Rh phenotypes and type of paternal phenotype has no effect on the gender of the child born. These results may help the researchers in the genetic and anthropology related studies and to understand the inheritance related issues.

Keywords: Mating types, ABO & Rh Phenotypes, Gender of the child, Paternal phenotype

Full Text:

Introduction

Since Landsteiner's discovery in 1901, that human blood groups existed, a vast body of serological, genetic and biochemical data on red cell (blood group) antigens has been accumulated and more recently the biological function of some of these antigens have been appreciated. (1) A total of 36 blood group systems have been described till date in the numeric catalogue of red cell antigens maintained by International society of Blood Transfusion working party.(2) Each system is identified by the presence of series of red cell antigens which are determined either by a single genetic locus or very closely linked loci. Alternative forms of a gene coding for red cell antigens at a locus are called alleles and individuals may inherit identical or non-identical alleles. Most blood group genes have been assigned to specific chromosomes e.g. ABO system on chromosome No. 9 and Rh system on chromosome No. 1. The expression of ABO antigens is controlled by three separate genetic loci: ABO located on chromosome 9, FUT1 (H) and FUT2 (Se) on chromosome 19. The genes from each locus are inherited in pairs as Mendelian dominants.(1)ABO antigens although most important in relation to transfusion are also expressed on most endothelial membranes and are important histocompatibility antigens. (3)

In Humans, there are total 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs including 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y). The type of sex chromosome always determines the sex of a person i.e. females have two X chromosomes whereas males have one X and one Y chromosome. X chromosome is relatively large as compared to the Y and contains many genes. The Y chromosome on the other hand contains only a few genes. The female always passes X Chromosome to her offspring through the female gamete (egg). The male can pass on either the Y or the X chromosome through the male gamete (sperm). During chance of fertilization, if the male gamete having X chromosome meets the egg, then the growing embryo will develop into a girl and if the male gamete having Y chromosome meets the egg, then the growing embryo will develop into a boy. So, therefore gender or sex of the new born is always dependent on the chance of type of male gamete to unite with the female gamete or we can say that gender of child always depends on whether the sperm which fertilizes the egg is carrying an X or a Y chromosome. Characters and traits are always inherited from biological parents to their children irrespective of the gender. These traits may be in the form of pathological, physiological or genetical disorders or in the form of personality wise characteristics. Children usually resemble their parents in many ways including the physical appearance, mental abilities or disabilities, personality, behaviour and other characteristics due to inheritance of genes from both. Observation of different disease processes and their likely association with genetical characters like blood group may have motivated the scientists to establish these associations at molecular level and in which they have succeeded also.

The study of blood groups is not only important in blood transfusion and organ transplant practices but prevalence of its types is also important in genetic research, anthropology and inheritance related studies. Now there are many studies which have indicated the probable association of different disease processes with ABO and other blood groups systems. Many of these explored the most important ABO system which is the most elaborated system till date. Most of these studies found association of blood groups with different attributes of the human pathology, physiology, personality, behaviour etc. So, to further explore the subject of inheritance, this is one of the original research planned in the dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBG) and dept. of Blood Transfusion and Immunohematology of Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Jalandhar with the aim and objective to find the association of maternal and paternal ABO phenotypes with the gender of the child born. This is the first ever research conducted in this region.

Material and Methods:

This was a prospective, observational study, performed on the 332 fertile couples who experienced child birth, attended the department of Obs. and Gynae (OBG) of Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Jalandhar from Nov 2016 to June 2017. ABO and Rh Blood grouping was performed by microplate Hem-agglutination method on fully automatic Immunohematology analyser Galileo-Echo (Immucor, USA) in the dept. of Blood Transfusion and Immunohematology. All discrepant and further advance immune-haematological investigations were performed using conventional tube technique (CTT) and ID-Gel technology. All the Rh-D Negative groups were retested for weak-D antigen. Samples for subgroup typing were sent to Immucor Reference Laboratory. The maternal record of all the couples was recorded for live birth including gender of child through a questionnaire with the consent of participants.

Statistical Analysis:

The tabulated data was analysed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software and tested for significance of association between gender of child with the phenotypes of parents.

Observation and Results:

From the total 332 selected fertile couples, 159 couples had only one child, 134 had two, 31 had three, 6 had four, two couples had five and six children each including 279 females and 276 males.156 couples had only one female child, 48 couples had two girl children, 9 couples had three girl children and 112 couples had only female children in their family.

Table 1: Gender wise child birth status in the fertile couples (n=332)

 

Live Birth

Couples having Female Child

Couples having Male Child

No. of couples

No. per couple

Total Live Birth

No. of Couple

No. per Couple

Total No.

No. of Couple

No. per Couple

Total No.

159

1

159

119

0

0

112

0

0

134

2

268

156

1

156

169

1

169

31

3

93

48

2

96

46

2

92

6

4

24

9

3

27

5

3

15

1

5

5

1

6

6

332

 

555

332

 

279

332

 

276

 

169 couples had single male child, 46 had two, 5 had three male child and 119 couples had only male children in their family (Table 1).

On analysing the child birth status as per different combination of the mother and father mating, there were total 16 mating types among the 332 couples and maximum of 60 couples (18.07%) had B-B mating type and minimum of only two couples (0.60%) had AB-AB.

Table 2: Status of Live Birth in the different mating types of study population (n=555)

Mating Type

No. of Couples

Live Births

Male

Female

O-O

26 (7.83)

45 (1.73)

15 (33.3)

30 (66.7)

O-A

21 (6.33)

35 (1.67)

16 (45.7)

19 (54.3)

O-B

49 (14.76)

81 (1.65)

42 (51.9)

39 (48.1)

O-AB

4 (1.20)

6 (1.50)

4 (66.7)

2 (33.3)

A-O

22 (6.63)

35 (1.59)

18 (51.4)

17 (48.6)

A-A

16 (4.82)

27 (1.69)

8 (29.6)

19 (70.4)

A-B

30 (9.04)

48 (1.60)

26 (54.2)

22 (45.8)

A-AB

5 (1.51)

7 (1.40)

5 (71.4)

2 (28.6)

B-O

32 (9.64)

53 (1.66)

23 (43.4)

30 (56.6)

B-A

26 (7.83)

42 (1.62)

25 (59.5)

17 (40.5)

B-B

60 (18.07)

108 (1.80)

57 (52.8)

51 (47.2)

B-AB

14 (4.22)

22 (1.57)

10 (45.5)

12 (54.5)

AB-O

7 (2.11)

11 (1.57)

8 (72.7)

3 (27.3)

AB-A

5 (1.51)

9 (1.80)

5 (55.6)

4 (44.4)

AB-B

13 (3.92)

23 (1.77)

12 (52.2)

11 (47.8)

AB-AB

2 (0.60)

3 (1.50)

2 (66.7)

1 (33.3)

Total

332

555 (1.67)

276 (49.7)

279 (50.3)

p value

0.269

There were total 555 live births from 332 fertile couples including 279 females (50.3%) and 276 males (49.7%) with average of 1.67 births per mating in which B-B and AB-A had maximum rate of 1.80 each and lowest of 1.40 in A-AB mating type. (Table 2)

Among the different mating types, AB-O combination had maximum male child (72.7%) and A-A had maximum of female child (70.4%) and vice versa for the same. Overall sex ratio is 1.01 in the observed results. The results when tested for significance of association of different mating types with gender of the child born was found insignificant (p=0.269).

There were three types of mating combinations observed as far as the Rh phenotype of the couples was concerned i.e. Rh Neg. wife with Rh +ve husband (Group 1), Rh +ve wife with Rh +ve husband (Group 2) and Rh +ve wife with Rh Neg. husband (Group 3) having 22, 295 and 15 couples respectively. Male dominancy was observed in group 1 and female in group 2. The Rh-negative group was more prevalent in female partners than male partners. (Table 3).

Table 3: Live Birth Status and Rh Phenotype combinations of parents (n=332)

Group

Rh Mating types

No. of Couples

Total Live Births

Female

Male

1

Wife (-ve) + Hus (+ve)

22

37 (1.68)

16 (43.2)

21 (56.8)

2

Wife (+ve) + Hus (+ve)

295

486 (1.65)

248 (51.0)

238 (49.0)

3

Wife (+ve) + Hus (-ve)

15

32 (2.13)

15 (46.9)

17 (53.1)

 

Total

332

555 (1.67)

279 (50.3)

276 (49.7)

p value

0.609

 
When the results were observed from another aspect to find the association of gender with phenotype of the father, then it was found that from the total 332 couples, 87 fathers had O Phenotype, 68 had A, 152 had B and 25 fathers had AB Phenotype. O phenotype type fathers were responsible for 144 live births with 64 male children (44.4%) and 80 females (55.6%). A type fathers had 133 live births including 54 males (47.8%) and 59 female children (52.2%). B type father had 260 live births including 137 males (52.7%) and 123 female children (47.3%). AB type father had 38 live births of 21 male (55.3%) and 17 female children (50.3%)(Table 4)

Table 4. Paternal phenotype and status of live birth in the study population (n=555)

Father's Phenotype

No. of Couples

Live Births

Male

Female

O

87 (26.2)

144 (1.66)

64 (44.4)

80 (55.6)

A

68 (20.5)

113 (1.66)

54 (47.8)

59 (52.2)

B

152 (45.8)

260 (1.71)

137 (52.7)

123 (47.3)

AB

25 (7.5)

38 (1.52)

21 (55.3)

17 (44.7)

Total

332

555 (1.67)

276 (49.7)

279 (50.3)

p value

0.368

 

Apparently on seeing the results from table 4 it was found that O type father had maximum female child i.e. 55.6% and AB type had maximum male child i.e. 55.3% and vice versa. But when tested statistically then it was found that phenotype of the father had no effect on the gender of the child born or we can say that gender of the child and phenotype of the father were both independent attributes (p=0.368).

Discussion:

On review the different literatures for association of blood group with different attributes like disease, personality, behaviour etc, we found that some of the studies established the association of blood group with these attributes at molecular level and some are based on the observations.

Blood Group and diseases:

Group A individuals rarely may acquire a B antigen from a bacterial infection that results in the release of a deacetylase enzyme. This converts N-acetyl-D-galactosamine into α- galactosamine, which is similar to galactose, the immunodominant sugar of group B, there by sometimes causing the red cells to appear to be group AB. In the original reported cases, five out of seven of the patients had carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract. Case reports attest to the danger of individuals with an acquired B antigen being transfused with AB red cells, resulting in a fatal haemolytic transfusion reaction following the production of hyperimmune anti-B. (1)

Table 5 Type of diseases associated with blood groups and their risk profile

S. No.

Associated disease

Risk Profile

Blood group

1

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin[7]

Low

O

2

Basal cell carcinoma of skin[7]

Low

O

3

Breast cancer[8]

High

O

4

Cervix cancer [8]

High

B O

5

Lung cancer[8]

High

B

6

Buccal cancer[8]

High

B

7

Ovarian cancer[9]

High

B

8

Gastric cancer[10]

High Low

A O

9

Pancreatic cancer[7,11]

Low

O

10

Ischemic heart disease[12]

High

AB

11

Otitis media with effusion[13]

Low

O

12

Venous thromboembolism[14]

High

A,B,AB

13

Malaria[14]

Low

O

14

Cholera and GI infections by E.coli[14]

High

O

15

Smallpox[14]

High

A

16

Plague[14]

Low

O

17

H.pylori infection andGI Ulceration[14]

High

O

18

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (15)

High

B

The inheritance of ABH antigens is also known to be weakly associated with predisposition to certain diseases. Group A individuals have 1.2 times the risk of developing carcinoma of the stomach than group O or B; group O individuals have 1.4 times more risk of developing peptic ulcer than non-group O individuals; and non-secretor of ABH have 1.5 times the risk of developing peptic ulcer than secretor. (4) The ABO group also affects plasma von Willebrand Factor (VWF) and Factor VIII levels, group O healthy individuals have level around 25% lower than those of other ABO groups. (5) ABO blood group appears to mediate its effect by accelerating clearance of VWF but the mechanism is not yet clear. (6) ABH antigens are also frequently more weakly expressed on the red cells of persons with leukaemia.

Table 5 shows the association of different diseases with different blood groups and their respective risk profile. From this table, it is apparent that risk profile of Cervix cancer, lung cancer, Buccal cancer and Ovarian cancer is high in B type phenotype. Risk of Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, Basal cell carcinoma of skin, Pancreatic cancer, malaria, otitis media, and plague was found low in O type and this group faces substantial risk of Breast cancer, cholera and GI infections by E. coli and infection by H. pylori and GI ulceration. Group A people are in high risk zone of Gastric cancer, venous thromboembolism and small pox and Group AB of IHD. Blood group B people are at elevated risk while individuals with blood group O are at low peril of evolving type 2 diabetes.

Not sufficient literature is available on this topic except the research work of Rex-Kiss B, who concluded that due to the feto-maternal blood group incompatibility the sex ratio of the newborn will be higher. The most probable explanation for this fact is that the feto-maternal blood group incompatibility exerts a negative effect on the X chromosome, in consequence of which the elimination rate of the zygotes fertilized by Y chromosome-carrying sperms decrease and thus the sex ratio will be higher. The highest sex ratio was found among the D-negative new born of D-positive mothers (172.7), whereas the lowest one among the D-positive children of D-positive mothers (113.5). The incompatibility existing in the other antigens of Rh-system and in the ABO-system also elevated the sex ratio to a minor degree.(16)

Conclusion:

It was concluded from the observations that different mating types of the parents and paternal phenotype has no effect on the gender of the child born. As no such study is available for reference which indicates any association of parental phenotype with the gender of the child. So, there is further scope of research on this topic with much bigger study population. These results may help the researchers in the genetic and anthropology related studies and to understand the inheritance related issues.

Acknowledgement:

Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors/editors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

Conflict of Interest:No

Source of Funding: No

References:

  1. Fiona Regan. Blood cell antigens and antibodies. Dacie and Lewis Practical Hematology. 11th edition. USA: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2012.p. 483-7.
  2. International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) working party. Available at http://www.isbtweb.org/working-parties/red-cell-immunogenetics-and-blood-group-terminology/updated on Feb 2017, accessed on 17.9.2017
  3. Eastlund T. The Histo-blood group ABO System and tissue transplantation. Transfusion 1998:38:975-88.
  4. Garratty G. Association of blood groups and disease: do blood group antigens and antibodies have a biological role? HistPhilos Life Sci 1996;18:321-44.
  5. O'Donnell J, Laffan M. The relationship between ABO histo-blood group, factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor. Transfus Med 2001;11:343-51.
  6. Jenkins PV, O'Donnell JS. ABO blood group determines plasma von Willebrand Factor levels: a biologic function after all? Transfusion 46;10:1836-44.
  7. Xie J, Qureshi AA, Li Yet al. ABO blood group and incidence of skin cancer. PLoS One2010;5(8):e11972.
  8. Gunjan Sharma, Ruchira Choudhary, Deepak Bharti. Studies Showing the Relationship between ABO Blood Groups and Major Types of Cancers. Asian J Exp Sci 2007;21(1):129-32.
  9. Gates MA, Wolpin BM, Cramer DW, et al.ABO blood group and incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer. International Journal of Cancer 2010;128(2):482-6.
  10. Aird I, Bentall HH, Roberts JA.A relationship between cancer of stomach and the ABO blood groups. British Medical Journal. 1953;1(4814):799-801.
  11. Amundadottir L, Kraft P, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the ABO locus associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. Nature Genetics 2009;41(9):986-90.
  12. Meade TW, Cooper JA, Stirling Y, et al. Factor VIII, ABO blood group and the incidence of ischaemic heart disease. Br J Haemator1994;88:601-7.
  13. Apostolopoulos K, Labropoulou E, Konstantinos B, et al. Blood group in otitis media with effusion. J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2002;64:433-5.
  14. David J Anstee. The relationship between blood groups and disease. Blood; Journal of the American Society of Hematology 2010;115(23):4635-43.
  15. Meo SA, Rouq FA, Suraya F, Zaidi SZ. Association of ABO and Rh blood groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(2):237-42.
  16. Rex-Kiss B. Relationship between blood groups and sex ratio of the newborn. Acta Biol Hung 1991;42(4):357-64.

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A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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