International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
logo
slider
slider
slider
slider
Bootstrap Slider

Indexed and Abstracted in: Crossref, CAS Abstracts, Publons, Google Scholar, Open J-Gate, ROAD, Indian Citation Index (ICI), ResearchGATE, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat (World's largest network of library content and services)

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 4(17), September, 2012

Pages: 59-66

Date of Publication: 14-Sep-2012


Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

AN IN VITRO SCREENING OF GROWTH INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF ALLIUM SATIVUM TOWARDS SOME MICROBES OF SPOILAGE AND HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE

Author: Mamta Bhatia, Alka Sharma

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:The use of Allium sativum (garlic) as a cure and condiment predates written history. In present study aqueous extract, crude juice, essential oil and powdered form of Allium sativum were screened for their inhibitory potential towards some food borne pathogens, in culture media. Test microbes included : Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Psuedomonas alkaligenes, Shigella sonnei and Staphylococcus aureus. Spice agar method was opted for investigating
antibacterial activity of powdered spice samples. Agar well assay and broth dilution techniques were followed for determining growth inhibitory potentials of aqueous extract, crude juice and essential oil. Results revealed that essential oil most effectively inhibited bacterial strains followed by crude juice, while aqueous extract and powdered forms remained ineffective in arresting the growth of test bacteria.

Keywords: Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Allium sativum, essential oil, garlic, spices

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Foods, by their very nature need to be nutritious and microbiologically stable . To ensure that food is safe and can be stored in a satisfactory state, it is necessary to either destroy the microorganisms present, or manipulate the food so that microbial growth is prevented or hindered. Resurgence in the use of natural herbal alternatives instead of synthetic preservatives to increase the shelf life of food commodoties has brought the use of aromatic plants to the forefront of investigations. Allium sativum, is one of the world?s most popular spices, and is used extensively from India to America, in French aioli, Greek skordalia, Indian korma, Turkish cacik and Vietnamese pho bo. Since ancient times, it has been used as a cure as well as food. Pliny the elder, a Roman naturalist, described in his Historia Naturalis how A. sativum could be used for gastrointestinal disorders, dog and snake bites, scorpion stings, asthama, madness, convulsions and tumours. Components from A. sativum modulate the cardiovascular and immune systems. Alongwith medicinal properties, it is known to have antiviral1,2 and antiprotozoal3,4 activities. Encouraged by these results, an in vitro trial was carried out to evaluate different forms of A. sativum viz. aqueous extract, crude juice, essential oil and powdered form, for their antimicrobial potencies, against seven food borne pathogens.

Materials and Methods
Procurement of spice samples

Fresh bulbs of A. sativum purchased in the amounts of 1 kg, from grocery shop, local market, Hisar, India. The spice samples were washed with clean water followed by distilled water to remove extraneous matter. The outer coverings of A. sativum bulbs/clove were peeled off manually with the help of knife. For the extraction of crude juice, peeled cloves of A. sativum were sliced into thin pieces and were crushed in pestle-mortar to get a thick paste. Thick pastes of spice samples were passed through sieve cloth. Filtrates thus obtained were sterilized by passing through syringe filter assembly having membrane filters of pore size 0.45 um under aseptic conditions. Crude extract thus obtained was stored in sterilized glass vials at 4+1° C and was used at various concentration levels within the 2 h. of their preparation. To get the powdered form , peeled cloves of A. sativum were dried in shade for 5 days followed by their grinding in the laboratory grinder and were kept in airtight containers till further use. Essential oil of A.sativum was procured from Aroma Chemicals Pvt. Limited, Delhi, India, stored in the dark amber colored, screw capped glass bottle and was kept away from light to avoid physicochemical changes in its composition. Purity of the essential oil was assured by the company to be more than 99.0 % .

Chemicals and culture media
Ethyl violet azide dextrose agar, Ethyl violet azide dextrose broth, MacConkey broth, MacConkey agar, Nutrient agar and Nutrient broth were obtained from HiMedia Pvt. Ltd, India. Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and Sodium chloride (NaCl) were obtained from Central drug house Pvt. Limited, India.

Bacterial cultures
All the pure bacterial cultures viz. Bacillus cereus (MTCC 430), Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC 439), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1687), Psuedomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1688), Psuedomonas alkaligenes (MTCC 405), Shigella sonnei (MTCC 2957) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 5021) were obtained from Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India. The reference bacterial strains were maintained on their respective media slants, subcultured bimonthly to maintain their viability and were stored at 4+1° C. Culture media, incubation temperatures and duration of incubation of reference bacterial strains are presented in Table 1.

Inoculum preparation
A flamed sterile wire loop was used to dislodge the lawns of test bacterial strains from their respective pure culture slants (24h. old) with 10 ml of sterilized normal saline (NaCl, 0.85% (w/v)) solution under aseptic conditions. Bacterial suspensions were adjusted with the same solution to contain approximately 1×107 cfu /ml and were utilized the same day.

Prepearation of aqueous extract
Aqueous extract of dried and powdered bulbs was prepared. Powdered spice sample was steeped overnight (temperature: 24-27°C) in sterilized distilled water in a ratio of 1:1 (w: v), followed by their homogenization in a blender at high speed for 2 min. The homogenized spice mixture was filtered through Whatmann No. 1 filter paper. Filtrate thus obtained, was sterilized by passing through syringe filters containing 0.45 um pore size membrane filters under aseptic conditions, collected in sterilized glass vial and was stored at 4+1° C. This aqueous extract was further used within the 2 h. of its preparation.

Preliminary screening of antibacterial activities of aqueous extract, crude juice and essential oil
Agar-well diffusion technique was followed5 . Freshly prepared inoculum (100 ul) of each reference bacterial strain was poured in plates with 20 ml of appropriate media. The petriplates seeded with bacterial strains were kept undisturbed for 30 min. for proper solidification and setting of agar to facilitate uniform digging of wells. Sterile cork borer (diameter: 8 mm) was used to bore wells in the solidified media plates previously seeded with bacterial inocula. Subsequently, different volumes of test substances were introduced into the wells of agar plates. Sterilized DMSO, instead of crude juice and essential oil served as negative control. These plates were allowed to stand at room temperature for at least 1 h. for the even diffusion of poured components and were incubated without inversion at their respective incubation temperatures in incubator for 24-48 h. After incubation, zones of inhibition formed around the wells were measured in millimeters (mm) and results were expressed as the net zone of inhibition which represented the subtraction of the diameter of the well (8 mm) from the measured zone.

Mnimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of crude juice and essential oil
MIC values of crude juice and essential oil were determined by broth dilution method6 . The media (broth) containing 2000 ul/ml of test substance was serially diluted twofold each with the media (broth) to give concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.50, 31.25, 15.62, 7.81, 3.90, 1.95, 0.97, 0.48, 0.24, 0.12, 0.06 ul/ml. Sterilized DMSO, instead of crude juice and essential oil, served as negative control. To the diluted solution, 100 ul of freshly prepared inoculum of each bacterial strain was added. These mixtures were incubated in the B.O.D. incubator at suitable incubation temperatures of microbes, for appropriate incubation periods. After the completion of incubation, 100 ul of the above mixture was evenly spread on the surface of solidified media petriplates with the help of sterile bent glass rod. These petriplates were incubated in an inverted position to observe the minimum concentration of test substances, at which visible growth of the reference microbes was completely inhibited.

Antibacterial activity of powdered form
Antibacterial activity of powdered form of spice sample was examined in culture media using spice agar method7 . Erelenmeyer flasks (100 ml capacity) containing 20 ml of appropriate media (containing agar) and powdered spice at different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 (%,w/v) were autoclaved at 121° C for 20 minutes. After autoclaving, spice agar mixtures (cooled but still molten) were poured into sterilized petriplates under aseptic conditions and these plates were kept undisturbed for 30 min. for proper setting of agar. Freshly prepared inoculum of each test microbe at 100 ul level was evenly spread over the entire surface of the respective solidified media in petriplate using a sterile bent glass rod. Seeded petriplates were incubated in incubator at appropriate temperatures and were examined for bacterial growth at 12 h. intervals, throughout the incubation period of 30 days. A similar experiment was carried out without any spice sample, that served as control. The time for initiation of microbial growth on control (without spice samples) and media supplemented with different concentrations of spice were recorded.

Statistical analysis :
All the experiments were performed in triplicates with two independent trials and the results obtained were highly reproducible. Values of growth inhibitory zones are mean ±SD (n=3) of three replicates.

RESULTS
Zone inhibition assay results (Table 2) revealed that seeded petriplates with DMSO and aqueous extract of A. sativum , did not display growth inhibitory zones towards any bacterial strain under observation. Crude juice at 100 ul/well level exhibited inhibitory circles towards B. cereus, P.aeruginosa and S. aureus. On the other hand, essential oil of A. sativum, at 10ul/well exhibited distinct zones of inhibition towards all the bacterial strains under investigation. The diameter of inhibitory zones varied with the type of bacterial strains and test substances implicated in the study. Crude juice exhibited widest diameter of inhibitory zone towards S.aureus, while essential oil produced broadest inhibitory circle towards B.cereus. It was also observed that g+ve bacterial strains gave wider inhibitory zones towards test substances as compared to g-ve bacterial strains. On the basis of diameter of growth inhibitory zones, sensitivity of microbes in descending order towards test substances may be put in the following manner: Essential oil: B.cereus>S.aureus>P.aeruginosa>P.alkal igenes>S.sonnei>E.faecalis>E.coli. Crude juice: S.aureus>B.cereus>P.aeruginosa=E.coli =E.faecalis=P.alkaligenes=S.sonnei. Results of broth dilution technique depicted that crude juice and essential oil of A. sativum effctively inhibited all the bacterial strains (Table 3). MIC values of essential oil towards bacterial strains ranged from 62.50-500.00 (ul/ml), whereas, that of crude juice ranged from 125.00-500.00 (ul/ml), thereby indicating the higher susceptibility of the microbes towards former. It was noticed that higher concentrations of crude juice and essential oils were required to inhibit g-ve bacterial strains. Dried and powdered bulbs of A. sativum at all the concentration levels i.e. 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6,0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 (%, w/v), remained ineffective in arresting bacterial strains, and visible growth of all the microbes was noticed on 2nd day of incubation, as in control set of petriplates, without any spice sample.

DISCUSSION
Functional properties of aromatic plant/spices etc. are contained in their volatile aromatic secrections commonly known as essential oils8 . A. sativum bulbs have 0.1%-0.25% essential oil, which is composed of 60% diallyl disulphide (Allicin), 20% diallyl trisulphide, 6% allyl propyl disulphide and diallyl sulphide9 . The inhibitory activity of essential oil of A. sativum is widely attributed to diallyl disulphide (Allicin). Allicin is highly volatile and is formed by the action of enzyme allinase on alliin (an odourless precursor), when fresh cloves/bulbs of A. sativum are cut or bruised10 . The mode of action of allicin to inhbit growth of bacterial strains is not yet well understood however, it may involve : hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding of active components of essential oil to membrane proteins, perturbation of membrane permeability, leakage of ions and other cell contents, inhibition of membrane embedded enzymes, destruction of electrons transport systems, disruption of proton motive force (PMF) and coagulation of cell contents leading to death. The ineffectivity of aqueous extract and powderd form of A. sativum bulbs towards test microbes in the present experiment may be attributed to the loss of allicin during drying of cloves/bulbs under ambient conditions. The greater susceptibility of g+ve bacterial strains towards crude juice and essential oil of A. sativum may be due to the absence of an outer membrane in their cell membrane which makes them more sensitive to external environmental changes such as temperature, pH , natural extracts, essential oils and other antimicrobial substances. On the other hand, the lipopolysacharides in the cell membrane of g-ve bacteria could provide a barrier to many antimicrobial agents, rendering these bacteria more resistant to certain agents than g+ve bacteria. It is worth mentioning here that crude extract more effectively arrested microbes during broth dilution technique than zone inhibition assay. This may be attributed to the direct contact of the microbes with liquid media which might have allowed the easy and quick diffusion of antimicrobial components of crude juice to the target site.

Conclusion
Present in vitro study indicate that essential oil of A. sativum inhibited food borne pathogens most effectively and may be considered for food preservation. Further studies should be undertaken to elucidate the safety, stability and organoleptic aspects of essential oil and its precise mode of action. Interactions of essential oil components with different food matrices during various food processing treatments must be the focal area of research before their commercialization as „biopreservatives?.

References:

1. Weber ND, Anderson DO, North JA, Murray BK, Lawson LD, Hughes BG. In vitro virucidal activity of Allium sativum (garlic) extract and compounds. Planta Med 1992; 58 : 417–23.

2. Shoji S, Furuishi K, Yanase R, Miyazaka T, Kino M. Allyl compounds selectively killed human deficiency virus-type 1-infected cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993;194 : 610–21.

3. Lun ZR, Burri C, Menzinger M, Kaminsky R. Antiparasitic activity of diallyl trisulfide (Dasuansu) on human and animal pathogenic protozoa (Trypanosoma sp., Entamoeba histolyica and Giardia lamblia) in vitro. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 1994; 74:51–9.

4. Reuter HD, Koch HP, Lawson LD. 1996. Therapeutic effects and applications of garlic and its preparations. In: Koch HP, Lawson LD (eds) Garlic: the science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 135–213.

5. Iroegbu CU, Nkere. Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of Picralima nitida stembark extracts. International J Mol Med Adv Sci 2005; 1: 182-9.

6. Kim HO, Park SW and Park HD. Inactivation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 by cinnamic aldehyde purified from Cinnamomum cassia shoot. J Food Micro 2004; 21:105-10.

7. Azzouz MA, Bullerman LB. Comparative antimycotic effects of selected herbs,spices, plant components and commercial antifungal agents. J Food Prot 1982; 45: 1298-1301.

8. Pruthi JS. Spices and Condiments. National Book Trust, New Delhi, India, 1976; pp. 117–21.

9. Stoll V, Seebeck E. Allium compounds. I. Alliin the true mother compound of garlic oil. Helv Chem Acta 1948 ; 31:189.

10. Lawson LD. The composition and chemistry of garlic cloves and processed garlic. In: Koch HP, Lawson LD (eds) Garlic: the science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1996 ; pp 37–107.



Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


RSS feed

Indexed and Abstracted in


Antiplagiarism Policy: IJCRR strongly condemn and discourage practice of plagiarism. All received manuscripts have to pass through "Plagiarism Detection Software" test before Toto Macau forwarding for peer review. We consider "Plagiarism is a crime"

IJCRR Code of Conduct: To achieve a high standard of publication, we adopt Good Publishing Practices (updated in 2022) which are inspired by guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)

Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



ABOUT US

International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

Contact

148, IMSR Building, Ayurvedic Layout,
        Near NIT Complex, Sakkardara,
        Nagpur-24, Maharashtra State, India

editor@ijcrr.com

editor.ijcrr@gmail.com


Copyright © 2024 IJCRR. Specialized online journals by ubijournal .Website by Ubitech solutions