International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
logo
slider
slider
slider
slider
Bootstrap Slider

Indexed and Abstracted in: Crossref, CAS Abstracts, Publons, Google Scholar, Open J-Gate, ROAD, Indian Citation Index (ICI), ResearchGATE, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat (World's largest network of library content and services)

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 4(13), July, 2012

Pages: 16-24

Date of Publication: 18-Jul-2012


Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

COMPREHENSIVE ORAL REHABILITATION OF CLEFT LIP AND PALATE PATIENTS

Author: Savitha Sathyaprasad

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common birth defect with incidence of 1 in 600 births and causes severe facial deformity adversely affecting the self esteem of the child if treatment is not initiated in appropriate time. There has been a robust growth in the treatment of Cleft lip and palate with intricate interconnections of different multi specialities who deliver the treatment in the most seamless way. The purpose of this review article is to illustrate the various dental treatment modalities that can be delivered on a cleft child from birth to adolescence in the overall rehabilitation.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Cleft of lip and palate are immediately recognizable disruption of normal facial structure accounting approximately one in 600 new born babies1 and over 300 syndromes are known to have clefting of the lip or palate as an associated feature.2 It causes considerable morbidity, impose a substantial financial risk for family with a concomitant societal burden. These patients may experience problem with feeding, speaking, hearing, and social integration which can be corrected to various degree by surgery, dental treatment, speech therapy and psychologic intervention. The treatment protocol of a cleft lip cleft palate patient is unique and needs a smooth delivery of optimum expertise of various specialties in an intricate seamless way, because treatment delivered by one specialty may hamper or interfere in the treatment of other specialty. Team approach to patients with craniofacial anomalies which includes coordination with oral and maxillofacial surgeons, ENT specialists, obstetricians, speech pathologist, paediatricians, psychologist, ophthalmologist and the nursing staff. Pedodontist role in the multidisciplinary team approach is very important as a specialist being trained in every aspect of child from physiology to psychology their active role in early intervention in overall management is highly recommended. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of all the different treatment procedures to be delivered to the cleft lip and palate patient from birth to adolescence.

Diagnosis and maternal counselling
Intrauterine diagnosis of orofacial clefts is possible by ultrasonography. Clefts are seen easily at 16 weeks of gestation, MRI is used increasingly for evaluation of fetal abnormalities that are difficult to identify on sonography alone.3, 4 Parental counselling may be required as the family will be under stress. Genetic counselling is also necessary5 .

 

Clinical findings:
These cases show absent or short columella, shallow gingivolabialsulcus, hypoplastic maxilla, dental problems like congenitally absent primary or permanent lateral incisors or missing premolars adjacent to alveolar cleft ,supernumerary teeth, enamel hypoplasia, microdontia/macrodontia, fused teeth aberrations in crown shape and Posterior cross bite with medial collapse of posterior segments.

FIGURE 1 Management:
Mainly by multidisciplinary approach with timely and intricate coordination of various specialties Feeding Advice: Cleft children face a lot of problems in feeding like insufficiency in sucking milk from the nipple due to inability to create negative pressure, excessive air intake during feeding, choking, nasal discharge, regurgitation and excessive time required for nourishment make it difficult for the infant to maintain adequate nutrition .6, 7 Specialized feeding bottles such as the Hagerman feeder and Mead Johnson bottle helps in overcoming some of the feeding problems. The Mead-Johnson cleft palate feeder is a compressible bottle with an elongated cross-cut nipple. With this flow is increased by gently squeezing the bottle in rhythm with the infant‘s suckling action.. The mothers of cleft child are highly anxious during the feeding process, so counseling the right feeding skills is advisable, cleft babies kept upright at 450 while feeding make gravity aid in the feeding process.6 The feeding obturater is a prosthetic aid FIGURE 2,3 that is designed to obdurate the cleft and ensures the separation between the oral and nasal cavities, thereby reducing nasal regurgitation and helps in the development of the jaws and speech. It also prevents the tongue from entering the defect and interfering with spontaneous growth of the palatal shelves hence providing maxillary orthopaedic molding of the cleft segments into approximation before any surgical intervention is done.7, 8

Technique of fabrication of Obturators;
Impression technique: .is very challenging and There are variety of methods followed for it.

METHOD I
Some plastic surgeons prefer light-polymerizing acrylic resin sheets which are moldable to adapt to the oral anatomy after which it is taken out and cured with light to from the primary impression tray for preliminary impression. The impression is poured in Type III dental stone and a custom made tray is fabricated.. Final impression can be recorded with Vinyl polysiloxane materials; the baby is held face toward the floor, in order to prevent aspiration in the event of vomiting and asphyxia.

Method II
Primary impression can be made by softened green stick compound and For Wash impression putty consistency addition silicone impression material is used.6,3,5Most often used in patients with microstomia and palatal fistula where the patient is unable to open the mouth

Method III
A wax sheet of approximate size and shape can be adapted intraorally using the thumb and Index finger. A stone model of the negative wax reproduction is then obtained and a custom acrylic tray with a handle is prepared to be used for final impression.7

The Pre Maxillary Orthopaedics:
Orthopaedics start within the first week of life and aim at normalizing function and arch form by the most gentle means as possible during the first 18 months, a period of most intensive growth8 .

Naso Alveolar Molding [NAM] NAM
is a non surgical method of reshaping alveolus, lip and nostrils before cleft lip and palate surgery, lessening the severity of cleft.. The modern school of pre surgical orthopaedic treatment in cleft lip and palate was started by McNeil in 1950. Burston, an orthodontist, further developed McNeil's technique and made it.

popular. It takes advantage of malleability of immature cartilage which is high in maternal estrogen and hyaluronic acid in the first few weeks of birth and its ability to maintain permanent correction of its form.NAM improves alignment of the alveolar segments and the cleft gap is significantly reduced in size before surgery, making primary repair of the lip, alveolus and the nose an effortless procedure. Narrowing of cleft region reduces tension of the tissues after surgery which would otherwise lead to lip dehiscence in large cleft lip surgery (McNeil 1956). it also improves aesthetic outcome (Gnoinski1990). It also forces the tongue out of cleft and aids in the development of normal tongue tip behaviour and enhances production of alveolar sounds at 1 yr of age (Dutchcleft trial; Konst et al 1999). Less scar tissue and better lip and nasal form can be achieved so reduces the number of surgical revisions for excessive scar tissue, oronasal fistulas, and nasal and labial deformities. With the alveolar segments in a better position and increased bony bridges across the cleft, the permanent teeth have a better chance of eruption in a good position with adequate periodontal support.8, 9, 10 It facilitates feeding, parental support and improved speech the aim of this procedure is Molding the nasal and alveolar segments before surgery to achieve optimum functional and esthetic results.(Oliver1973, Lubit1976, Huddart1990)8, 9, 11

Fabrication
The molding plate is fabricated on the dental stone model with clear self cure acrylic after blocking undercuts and the cleft space with wax. A small opening measuring 6-8 mm in diameter is made on the palatal surface to provide an airway in the event that the palate drops down posteriorly, especially in cases of Pierre Robin syndrome. A retention button is fabricated and positioned anteriorly at an angle of 400 to the plate. In the unilateral cleft only one retention arm is advised.9, 11

Appliance insertion and taping
The appliance is secured extra orally to the cheeks and bilaterally by surgical tapes that have orthodontic elastic bands at one end.. The tapes are a quarter inch in width and about 3-4 inches in length. The elastic on the surgical tape is looped on the retention arm of the molding plate and the tape is secured to the cheeks. The elastics (inner diameter 0.25 inch) are stretched approximately two times their resting diameter for proper activation force of about 100 grams. Parents are instructed to keep the plate in the child‘s mouth full time and to remove only for cleaning daily the use of skin barrier tapes on the cheeks like DuoDerm or Tegaderm is advocated to reduce irritation on the cheeks. The infant may require time to adjust to feeding with the appliance in the first few days. 11, 12, 13

Appliance Adjustments
The baby is seen weekly to make adjustments of the molding plate to bring the alveolar segments together by selectively removing the hard acrylic and adding the soft denture base relining material to the molding plate. No more than 1 mm of modification of the molding plate should be made at one visit9 .Guidance of maxillary segments moulding plate is adjusted by removing about 1mm soft acrylic along the medial surface of distorted major segment. FIGURE 4` After the cleft of the alveolus is reduced to about 5-6 mm the nasal stent is added to improve the alignment of base of the nose and the lip segment. Stent is made up of 0.36 inch, round stainless steel wire in the shape of a 'Swan Neck'. The stent is attached to the labial flange of the molding plate, near the base of the retention arm extends 3-4 mm past the nostril aperture.. The hard acrylic component is shaped into a bi-lobed form that resembles a kidney. 9, 11

Pre maxillary Retraction
In cases of cleft lip and palate, premaxillary segment may be positioned severely anterior to the maxillary arch or deviated laterally to one side of the cleft defect, a straight extra oral force would not place the pre maxilla in the facial midline In this case, an impression is made of the infant's premaxilla for construction of external acrylic "bulb" prosthesis. This appliance is fitted over the protruding and laterally displaced premaxilla and anchored to the infant's head with a bonnet appliance. After the premaxilla is in the midline, the bulb appliance is replaced by a single elastic strap. In many cases the use of soft, elastic tape (Microfoam Tape) can be used to retract the premaxillary segment in a simpler manner than with the bonnet retraction system.12, 17.It is worn 24 hours a day and is removed only for feeding. The desired movement can usually be accomplished within 6 to 8 weeks. FIGURE 5 Latham Appliance (described by Georgiade in 1970).It is an intra oral appliance anchored on the non-cleft maxillary segment that would exert forward force on the cleft maxilla and provide some control over the non-cleft segment. The appliance is designed so that it could be secured to the palatal segments with stainless steel pins. Clockwise turns of the screw move the cleft side of the appliance towards the screw head.18

Controversies of Infant Orthopaedics
Controversies exist against infant orthopedics. Some authors believe that this treatment is expensive and may inhibit maxillary growth (Pruzansky 1964). Bokhout et al (1996) showed that infant orthopedics increases the incidence of dental caries and cause irritation to the oral mucosa, gingival tissue or nasal mucosa.

Complications of NAM
Complications include intraoral tissue ulceration from excessive pressure applied by the appliance, commonly found in the oral vestibule and on the labial side of the premaxilla. The intranasal lining of the nasal tip can become inflamed if too much force is applied by the upper lobe of the nasal stent. Extreme care should be taken while removing the cheek tape to avoid any irritation to the skin.9, 13, 15

GINGIVOPERIOSTEOPLASTY:
This creates a mucoperiosteal bridge across the alveolar cleft associated with cleft lip and palate. The subperiosteal tunnel allows for bone generation in the absence of bone grafting in young patients. . Multiple studies reveal superior facial growth parameters, particularly vertical maxillary growth, when compared with primary bone grafting typically performed within the first year of life and a reduced need for later secondary bone grafting21 .

CHEILOPLASTY:
The appearance of an unrepaired wide cleft lip can be distressing lip surgery will significantly improve the infants appearance and thereby relieve parental apprehensions. Surgical closure of the cleft lip may be shortly accomplished after birth. i.e. at 10 weeks of age

PALATOPLASTY:
The repair of palate between 1- 1 1/2 years of age gives the best balanced result. Early repair leads to better speech development but severe midfacial growth retardation and dental malocclusion. If palatal repair is done after full growth of the maxilla, midfacial growth retardation and dental malocclusion problems will be less, but speech problem will be very severe. The soft palate is repaired early to facilitatespeech; surgical correction of hard palatal repair is deferred for a later repair at 4 to 5 years.

Hearing problems and Speech disorders
Paediatric dentist should also be aware of common speech and hearing problem for proper referral and timings of treatment. Speech disorders commonly found in cleft lip and palate patients are hypo nasality, ENT problems, nasal deviation, oronasal fistula and, abnormal growth of oronasal structures. Hyper nasal speech is corrected by pharyngoplasty and speech therapy.22Middle ear disease are commonly seen in cleft lip and palate patients mainly due to short Eustachian tube leading to failure of ventilatory function and abnormal insertion of Tensor veli palatine muscle into tube. These dysfunctions cause otitis media with effusion commonly known as glue ear. Early palatine surgery improves eustachian tube functions and any hearing problem should be repaired before the child learns to speak. A rehabilitative procedure employing palatal lift prosthesis (PLP) is given to recover diminished speech function22 .

Oral hygiene and Preventive therapy
Oral hygiene is of crucial importance after surgery, the patient is anxious about the bleeding caused due to surgery and is nervous to brush.20 Lip is lifted with the aid of index finger along the labial gingiva without damaging the scar and a baby brush with a small sized head is advised for brushing as there is a lack of sulcus depth and awkward tooth positions in the cleft region. 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash is useful for short periods following surgery to stabilize gingival health in severe cases of gingival inflammation; use of pit and fissure sealants is advisable.20 Patient-applied topical fluoride in the form of a mouthrinse is worthwhile especially during orthodontic treatment.

Orthodontic problems in mixed dentition
The midfacial deformities due to primary cleft surgeries include transverse maxillary deficiency with crossbite, midfacial retrusion, reduced anteroposterior development, mandibular prognathism and concave soft tissue profile. A current treatment protocol involves the combined use of Orthodontic treatment, alveolar bone grafting and Implant rehabilitation.17

Palatal expansion
The constricted maxilla as result of the scar tissue following surgery and restricted growth of mandible leads to cross bite. Various expansion appliances that are used are fan shaped maxillary expander, butter fly expander, rapid maxillary expander, quad helix expansion appliance, the banded hyrax appliance, and bonded rapid palatal expander.16, 18, 23 They are inefficient because of intermittent nature of force application. Also, they are often soldered to maxillary first molars with pre- existing mesiolingual rotations that the devices are unable to correct. These rotations can distort the appliances and until the rotations are corrected, much of potential expansion time is wasted25,27. To overcome disadvantages of rapid maxillary expansion,Nickel Titanium Expander were put forward by Micheal O. Abdoney in 1995. It is temperature activated expander which creates transverse expansion, uprights and rotates the maxillary molars and allows a smooth transition to fixed retention with not much dependence on patient compliance.27, 30 Bonded rapid palatal expander,an acrylic splint (0.2mm/day) for one month has shown approximately 4.2mm expansion. Protraction of mid face Protraction is achieved by using a face mask orthopedically. A force of 450 grams per side is initiated and is continued for 1.2 years for a minimum of 12-14 hrs/day. Though the skeletal changes are limited, they produce marked improvements in the soft tissue profile.33 Figure 6 Alveolar bone grafting Alveolar bone grafting is typically done between 9 and 11 years of age, when the permanent lateral incisor or the canine tooth roots are approximately one-third developed. It provides bony support to adjacent teeth and provide bony matrix for eruption of teeth in the cleft site. It also eliminates oronasal fistulae, elevate the alar base and provide adequate bone for future dental implant.26

Endosseous implant placement
It is done in case of congenitally missing lateral incisor. Factors influencing implant success are, type of bone used for the graft, developmental stage of the dentition and healing time of the graft. Implant is placed 4-6 months after the grafting procedure. It is not usually placed in young patients for the risk of it becoming ankylosed.31 

Distraction Osteogenesis
Distraction of maxilla was first proposed by Molina & Oritz-Monasterio(1998). It is a procedure wherein two segments of bone are slowly moved apart in such a way that new bone fills the gap. A device known as distractor is attached to both sides of osteotomed bone, which is gradually adjusted over a period of days or week to stretch the bones so new tissue fills within it which enhances soft tissue adaptation..28, 29, 30

Alveolar distraction process using dental implants
An intraosseous, prosthetic device can be used to correct vertical bony defects and serve as the anchor for prosthesis after completion of distraction It is a two-stage procedure in which the implant is placed and permitted to heal for some month .After a latency period of 5 to 12 days, active distraction is started. After completion of distraction process the implant is used to support a dental prosthesis.31, 32

Complications
Mechanical problems, such as pin loosening, device failure, Local infections, Ankylosis of zygoma and coronoid process, Damage to teeth and Tooth mobility.

Orthognathic surgeries for secondary cleft and craniofacial deformities
Timing of surgery depends on functional problems, psychological factors and facial growth pattern.35 generally it is done after completion of growth or when skeleton is mature to achieve predictable results. Lefort I maxillary osteotomy is the basic procedure for the corrections of maxillary deficiency in patients who have cleft .Mid face osteotomies at Lefort II and Lefort III level also have been used depending on the esthetic needs of patients.34,37

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS:
Patients with cleft palate have lowered self esteem and difficulties in social interaction. Parents of children with clefts are more likely to spoil their child by being over protective. Communication disorders are more the result of psychological problems than phonological which influences the entire development of an affected child. Strong parent support networks may help to prevent the development of negative self concept in children with cleft lip and palate.

SUMMARY
There has been a robust growth in the treatment of cleft lip and palate and has come a long way before the total rehabilitation by multi disciplinary approach has helped the cleft patient lead a normal life with almost a face as normal as any other individual and is been possible with excellent surgical results and intricate and seamless multidisciplinary approach by various specialists. The paediatric dentist has a pivotal role restoring esthetics and function and providing continuing high quality, preventive- based dental care through thorough treatment planning and skilful behaviour management.

References:

1. Batra P,Duggal R Prakash H. Genetics of cleft lip and palate revisited. J Clin Pediatr Dent: 27(40): 311-320; 2003

2. Cobourne M T. The Complex genetics of Cleft lip and palate. European Journal of Orthodontics 26:7-16; 2004

3. Jianyan L et al. Analysis of interactions between genetic variants of BMP4 and environmental factors with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg:39: 50-56: 2010 4. Bender PL. Genetics of cleft lip and palate. J Pediat Nurs:15; 242-49 2000

5. Jones MC, Prenatal diagnosis of cleft lip and palate: Detection rates, accuracy of ultrasonography and strategies for councelling .Cleft Palate Craniofac J; 39; 169-73,2002

6. Bhatia R,Trivedi BD. Role of Pediatric Dentist in Cleft Lip and Cleft palate patients. Scientific Journal: 3:2009 

7. Pani S C, Hegde A M .Impressions in cleft lip and palate -A novel two stage technique. J Clin Pediatr Dent: 33(2):7-10, 2008 8. Ijaz A, Nasoalveolar moulding of the unilateral cleft of the lip and palate infants with modified stent plate; Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal: 28: 1, 2010

9. Grayson B H, Cutting CB. Presurgical Nasoalveolar Orthopedic Molding in Primary Correction of the Nose, Lip and Alveolus of Infants born with Unilateral and Bilateral clefts. Cleft palate Craniofac. J; 37:528-532, 2000

10. Pfeifer T M, et al Nasoalveolar moulding and gingivoperiosteoplasty versus alveolar bone graft: An outcome analysis of costs in the treatment of unilateral cleft alveolus: Cleft Palate craniofacial journal :39:1,2002

11. Mitsuyoshi L et al Simple modified preoperative nasoalveolar moulding in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate: British journal of Oral and maxillofacial surgery: 42; 578-580,2004

12. Yang S, Stelnicki EJ, Lee MN. Use of Nasoalveolar molding appliance to direct growth in new born patient with complete unilateral cleft and palate. Pediatr Dent :25; 253-256 , 200

13. Aminpour S, Tollefson TT.Recent advances in Presurgical molding in cleft lip and palate.Plast reconstr surg ;122(4):1131-7 , 2008

14. King NM et al. The management of children born with cleft lip and palate. HKMJ; 2; 153- 159, 1996

15. Grayson BH, Shetye PR. Presurgical Nasoalveolar moulding treatment in cleft lip and palate patients.; Review; Indian J Plast Surg; 42(S); 56-61,2009

16. Jaeger, M Braga-Silva. Correction of the Alveolar Gap and Nostril Deformity by Presurgical Passive Orthodontia in the Unilateral Cleft Lip; J Ann Plast Surg; 59: 489–494, 2007

17. Vargervik K. Growth characteristics of the premaxilla and orthodontic treatment principles in bilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft palate journal:20(4):289-301,1983

18. Spira M, Findlay S, Hardy S, Gerow F ; Early maxillary orthopedics in cleft palate patients: A Clinical Report, Journal of CranioMaxillofacial Surgery:24, 45–48, 1992

19. Yukihiro F et al Journal of maxillofacial prosthestics:22(2):86-94,1999

20. Rivkin CJ. Dental care for the patients with a cleft lip and palate. BDJ: 188:2, 2000

21. Losquadro WD, Tatum SA .Direct gingivoperiosteoplasty with palatoplasty.Facial plast surg 2007 may;23(2): 140-5

22. Witzel MA. Speech evaluation and treatment. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 3: 501- 16, 1991

23. Vasant MR.Menon S, Kannan S.Maxillary Expansion in Cleft lip and Palate using Quad Helix and Rapid Palatal Expansion Screw. MJAFI: 65 :150-153:2009

24. Klempner S Early orthopaedic class III treatment with a modified tandem appliance: JCO:37(4):218-223,2003

25. Isaacson R J .Some effects of Rapid maxillary expansion in cleft lip and palate patients: AJOD: 34;3,1964

26. Kawakami et al .Maxillary Expansion and protraction in cleft lip/palate. Angle orthodontist 2002:72(4):356-361

27. Rygh P .Orthopedic Expansion and Protraction of maxilla in cleft palate patients – A New Treatment rationale Cleft palate journal:19; 2, 1982

28. Watzinger F et al. Computer-aided surgery in distraction osteogenesis of maxilla and mandible .Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg; 28; 171- 175, 1999 

29. Swennen G et al .Craniofacial distraction osteogenesis:review of literature.Part –I clinical studies.Int J Oral Maxillofac surgery:30:89-103,2001

30. Arndt.WV .Nickel Titanium Palatal Expander .JCO; Mar129-137, 1993

31. Salyer KE, Xu H et al .Skeletal facial balance and hormony in the cleft patient :principles and techniques in orthgnathic surgery.Indian journal of plastic surgery;42;149-167,2009

32. Pena WA et al. The Role of Endosseous Implants in the Management of Alveolar Clefts Pediatr Dent; 31; 329-333; 2009

33. Sakamoto T et al. Orthodontic treatment for jaw deformities in cleft lip and palate patients with the combined use of external expansion arch and a facial mask.Bull.Tokyodent coll: 43(4):223-229,2002

34. Oral and maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am:17: 503-517,2005

35. Smith AS et al :Prenatal Diagnosis of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Using MRI .American journal of roentgenology:183: 229-235,2004

36. Ravichandra et al: A new technique of impression making for an obturator in cleft lip and palate cases.J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent: 4( 28); 311-314,2010

37. Chigurupathi R : Orthognathic surgeries done for secondary cleft and craniofacial deformities. Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am: 17;503-517 ,2005


Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


RSS feed

Indexed and Abstracted in


Antiplagiarism Policy: IJCRR strongly condemn and discourage practice of plagiarism. All received manuscripts have to pass through "Plagiarism Detection Software" test before Toto Macau forwarding for peer review. We consider "Plagiarism is a crime"

IJCRR Code of Conduct: To achieve a high standard of publication, we adopt Good Publishing Practices (updated in 2022) which are inspired by guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)

Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



ABOUT US

International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

Contact

148, IMSR Building, Ayurvedic Layout,
        Near NIT Complex, Sakkardara,
        Nagpur-24, Maharashtra State, India

editor@ijcrr.com

editor.ijcrr@gmail.com


Copyright © 2024 IJCRR. Specialized online journals by ubijournal .Website by Ubitech solutions