International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
logo
slider
slider
slider
slider
Bootstrap Slider

Indexed and Abstracted in: Crossref, CAS Abstracts, Publons, Google Scholar, Open J-Gate, ROAD, Indian Citation Index (ICI), ResearchGATE, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat (World's largest network of library content and services)

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 4(16), August, 2012

Pages: 120-124

Date of Publication: 28-Aug-2012


Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ATTACKS ON ANONYMITY NETWORKS

Author: Vetrivendan. R

Category: General Sciences

Abstract:In this paper, we focus on a particular class of traffic analysis attacks, flow correlation attacks, by which an adversary attempts to analyze the network traffic and correlate the traffic of a flow over an input link with that over an output link. Two classes of correlation methods are considered, namely time-domain methods and frequency-domain methods. Based on our threat model and known strategies in existing mix networks, we perform extensive experiments to analyze the performance of mixes. We find that all but a few batching strategies fail against flow-correlation attacks, allowing the adversary to either identify ingress or egress points of a flow or to reconstruct the path used by the flow. Counter intuitively, some batching strategies are actually detrimental against attacks.

Keywords: Traffic analysis, flow-correlation attack, counter intuitively, detrimental attacks.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
As the Internet is increasingly used in all aspects of daily life, the realization has emerged that privacy and confidentiality are important requirements for the success of many applications. It has been shown that, in many situations, encryption alone cannot provide the level of confidentiality required by users, since traffic analysis can easily uncover information about the participants in a distributed application. Anonymity Network The anonymity of a system can be passively attacked by an observer in two ways, either through inspection of payload or headers of the exchanged data packets, or, when encryption is used, through traffic analysis. Traffic analysis is typically countered by the use of intermediary nodes, whose role is to perturb the traffic flow and thus confuse an external observer. Such intermediaries (often called mixes) delay and reroute exchanged messages, reorder them, pad their size, or perform other operations. Chum proposed such a mix network to handle mail traffic. The original Chum mix network operates on entire mail messages at a time and therefore does not need to pay particular attention to latency added by the mixes. Increasingly, the data exchanged exceed by far the capacity of mixes, for example, in file-sharing applications. In conjunction with source routing at the sender, this allows for very efficient network-level implementations of mix networks. Mixes are also being used in applications where low latency is relevant, for example, voice-over-IP or video streaming.

Two classes of correlation methods are considered, namely time-domain methods and frequency-domain methods. In the time domain, for example, statistical information about rate distributions is collected and used to identify the traffic dependency. Similarly, in the frequency domain, we identify traffic similarities by comparing the Fourier spectra of timing data. Our experiments indicate that mixes with many currently used batching strategies are weak against flow-correlation attacks, in the sense that attackers can easily determine the path taken by a protected flow.

Related Work
The idea of anonymous communication in 1981. Since then, researchers have applied the idea to different applications such as message-based email and flow-based low-latency communications, and they have developed new defense techniques as more attacks have been proposed. For anonymous e-mail applications. Using relay servers, called mixes, which encrypt and reroute messages. An encrypted message is analogous to an onion constructed by a sender, who sends the onion to the first mix: 1. Using its private key, the first mix peels off the first layer, which is encrypted using the public key of the first mix. 2. Inside the first layer is the second mix’s address and the rest of the onion, which is encrypted with the second mix’s public key. 3. After getting the second mix’s address, the first mix forwards the peeled onion to the second mix. This process repeats all the way to the receiver. 4. The core part of the onion is the receiver’s address and the real message to be sent to the receiver by the last mix.

Terminology
Enhancement of Mix Network

In this module the sender of a message attaches the receiver address to a packet and encrypts it using the mix’s public key. Upon receiving a packet, a mix decodes the packet. Different from an ordinary router, a mix usually will not relay the received packet immediately. Rather, it collects several packets and then sends them out in a batch. Building Batching Strategies Building batching strategies are designed to prevent not only simple timing analysis attacks, but also powerful trickle attacks. We will evaluate each of these strategies to send the packets. Traffic Flow Correlation Traffic flow-correlation used to the adversary either to correlate senders and receivers directly or to greatly reduce the searching time for such a correlation in a mix network.Objective is to correlate an incoming flow to an output link at a Mix. Also find the Flow-correlation attack. Detection Metrics This module used to analyze the detection rate of the traffic attacks. Use detection rate, the probability that the adversary correctly correlates flows into and out of a mix, defined as the measure of success for the attack. We will show that, given a sufficient amount of data, known mix strategies fail.

METHODS
An encrypted message is analogous to an onion constructed by a sender, who sends the onion to the first mix:

1. Using its private key, the first mix peels off the first Layer, which is encrypted using the public key of the first mix.

2. Inside the first layer is the second mix’s address and the rest of the onion, which is encrypted with the second mix’s public key.

3. After getting the second mix’s address, the first mix forwards the peeled onion to the second mix. This process repeats all the way to the receiver 

4. The core part of the onion is the receiver’s address and the real message to be sent to the receiver by the last mix.

Mix Network
Different from an ordinary router, a mix usually will not relay the received packet immediately. A mix network, such as Onion Routing network or Tor Network, consists of multiple mixes that are interconnected by a network. Building Batching Strategies Any of the batching strategies can be implemented in two ways: Link-Based BatchingWith this method, each output link has a separate queue. A newly arrived packet is put into a queue depending on its destination (and hence the link associated with the queue). Once a batch is ready from a particular queue (per the batching strategy), the packets are taken out of the queue and transmitted over the corresponding link. Mix-Based Batching In this way, the entire mix has only one queue. The selected batching strategy is applied to this queue. That is, once a batch is ready (per the batching strategy), the packets are taken out the queue and transmitted over links based on the packets’ destination. Each of these two methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The control of link-based batching is distributed inside the mix and hence may have good efficiency. On the other hand, mix-based batching uses only one queue and hence is easier to manage. We consider both methods. Threat Model :The adversary uses a classical timing analysis attack, which we summarize as follows: The Mix network topology and the general Mix strategies are known to the adversary. This is a natural assumption for many overlay mix networks.

Traffic Flow Correlation
Recall that the adversary’s objective is to correlate an incoming flow to an output link at a Mix. We call this flow correlation. This flowcorrelation attack is harmful in a variety of situations. For example, in the single-mix, the adversary can discover whom sender (say, S1) is talking to (R1 or R2 in this case) by correlating the output traffic at the Mix to S1’s traffic despite cross traffic from S2 or other senders.

Performance Evaluation
Mixes in Networks with Packet Losses Fig.1 & Fig.2


Fig. 2 shows the detection rate for emulated networks using the detection method based on mutual information. We can observe that flowcorrelation attacks approach a 100 percent detection rate when the sample size is sufficiently large. Fig. 3 shows the detection rate when the network is dropping packets. The mix strategy used in this set of experiments is , that is, a timed dynamic-pool Mix with pool size 10, batch size 10, batch interval 10 msec, and forwarding probability 0.5. Based on the results, we make the following observations: 1. The detection rate still approaches 100 percent when the sample size is sufficiently large. 2. The results for small drop rates (5 percent or less) appear to be no different than for no packet drops at all. As expected, for larger drop rates (more than 5 percent) the detection rate is higher than for lower drop rates. The reason for this is that a large number of packet drops makes the timing footprint of the TCP dynamics more obvious. Fig. 4 shows the network setup in this experiment. The center part of the topologies used in experiments is the mix cascade of different number of layers. Each sender on the left side has four flows traversing the mix network. We arrange paths of traffic flows so that each link in the cascade has some number of traffic flows. To simulate the cross traffic in the mix network, four larger aggregates of flows are added to the mix network. According to the selfsimilar nature of the network traffic, the highvolume cross traffic is Pareto distributed.

CONCLUSIONS
The analyzed mix networks in terms of their effectiveness in providing anonymity and quality-of-service. Various methods used in mix networks were considered: seven different packet batching strategies and two implementation schemes, namely the link-based batching scheme and mix based batching scheme. Found that mix networks that use traditional batching strategies, regardless of the implementation scheme, are vulnerable under flow-correlation attacks. By using statistical analysis, an adversary can accurately determine the output link used by traffic that comes to an input flow of a mix. The detection rate can be as high as 100 percent as long as enough data are available. This is true even if heavy cross traffic exists. The data collected in this paper should give designers guidelines for the development and operation of mix networks. The failure of traditional mix batching strategies directly leads us to the formulation of anew packet control method for mixes in order to overcome their vulnerability to flow correlation attacks. Appropriate output control can achieve a guaranteed low detection rate while maintaining high throughput for normal payload traffic. Our claim is validated by extensive performance data collected from experiments.

References:

1. D. Chum, “Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms,” Comm. ACM, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 84-90, Feb.1981.

2. A. Saratov and G. Danzig, “Towards an Information Theoretic Metric for Anonymity,” Proc. Privacy Enhancing Technologies Workshop (PET ’02), R. Dingle dine and P. Ryerson, eds., pp. 41-53, Apr. 2002.

3. C. D?´az, S. Says, J. Claessens, and B. Preneel, “Towards Measuring Anonymity,” Proc. Privacy Enhancing Technologies Workshop (PET ’02), R. Dingle dine and P. Ryerson, eds., pp. 54-68, Apr. 2002.

4. Y. Zhu and R. Bettati, “Anonymity vs. Information Leakage in Anonymity Systems,” Proc. 25th IEEE Int’l Conf. Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS ’05), pp. 514-524, 2005.

5. O.R.D. Achives, “Link Padding and the Intersection ttack,”http://archives.seul.org/or/dev, 2002. [6] P.F. Ryerson, D.M. Goldschlag, and M.G. Reed, “Anonymous Connections and Onion Routing,” Proc. IEEE Symp. Security and Privacy, pp. 44-54, 1997.

6. R. Dingle dine, N. Mathewson, and P. Ryerson, “Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router,” Proc. 13th USENIX Security Symp, pp. 303-320, Aug. 2004.

7. M.K. Reiter and A.D. Rubin, “Crowds: Anonymity for Web Transactions,” ACM Trans. Information and System Security, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 66-92, 1998.

8. K. Suh, D.R. Figueiredo, J. Kurose, and D. Towsley, “Characterizing and Detecting Skype-Relayed Traffic,” Proc. 25th IEEE INFOCOM ’06, pp. 1-12, Apr. 2006.

9. Y.J. Pyun, Y.H. Park, X. Wang, D.S. Reeves, and P. Ning, “Tracing Traffic through Intermediate Hosts that Repacketize Flows,” Proc. 26th IEEE INFOCOM ’07, pp. 634- 642, May 2007.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


RSS feed

Indexed and Abstracted in


Antiplagiarism Policy: IJCRR strongly condemn and discourage practice of plagiarism. All received manuscripts have to pass through "Plagiarism Detection Software" test before Toto Macau forwarding for peer review. We consider "Plagiarism is a crime"

IJCRR Code of Conduct: To achieve a high standard of publication, we adopt Good Publishing Practices (updated in 2022) which are inspired by guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)

Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



ABOUT US

International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

Contact

148, IMSR Building, Ayurvedic Layout,
        Near NIT Complex, Sakkardara,
        Nagpur-24, Maharashtra State, India

editor@ijcrr.com

editor.ijcrr@gmail.com


Copyright © 2024 IJCRR. Specialized online journals by ubijournal .Website by Ubitech solutions